This paper researched the effect of functional genes in the Fenton-like reactions in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass during composting. Four treatment groups were set up: CK (control), Fe ...(addition of Fe(II)), Z1 (inoculation of Aspergillus fumigatus), Fe+Z1 (inoculation of A. fumigatus and addition of Fe(II)). The addition of Fe(II) and inoculation of A. fumigatus was treated as a Fenton-like reaction group. Results showed that the organic matter degradation ratio of Fenton-like reactions increased by 21.18%. In addition, Fenton-like reactions increased the numbers of potential host activities of lignocellulose-degrading genes (except for the degradation of mannan) and shikimic acid pathway-related genes, and decreased potential host activities of glycolysis metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, Fenton-like reactions increased number of feature fungal species, and the diffusion of fungal species became stronger. Additionally, Fenton-like reactions enhanced the correlation between functional genes, potential hosts, and humic substance. Bacterial hosts of functional genes were affected by cellulose, hemicellulose, amino acid, reducing sugar, lignin, organic matter and C/N, while fungal hosts of functional genes were affected by pH and total nitrogen. This study confirmed that functional genes were key factors in promoting the hydrolysis of lignocellulose based on Fenton-like reactions, which provided a theoretical guidance for the degradation of agricultural wastes.
•Organic matter degradation ratio of Fenton-like reactions increased by 21.18%.•Fenton-like reactions increased the potential hosts of functional genes.•Fenton-like reactions increased number of feature fungal species.•Fenton-like reactions raised correlation between genes, potential hosts, and humic substance.•Limiting factors of functional genes in different microbial communities were determined.
Water-shortage crisis is threatening the food production and sustainable development around the world. Especially for arid agricultural regions, it is necessary to plan sustainable agricultural water ...management strategies for improving water use efficiency. But there are many complexities in it, such as multiple decision-making levels, objectives, water users and uncertainties. To effectively tackle these complexities, this study presents a novel optimization-modeling approach consisting of a multi-level multi-objective stochastic programming (MLMOSP) model and weighting quantification method for formulating sustainable water-allocation schemes in arid agricultural regions. The MLMOSP model incorporates multi-level programming, multi-objective programming, and stochastic expectation programming into a general framework. The proposed approach is capable of: 1) quantifying key factors affecting water-allocation systems through weighting quantification methods; 2) describing the main conflicting objectives of each decision-making level, including economic benefits, environment impacts, fairness, effectiveness, and crop yield; 3) considering tradeoffs among conflicting objectives, and 4) reflecting the leader-follower relationship under different scenarios of surface water availability at a regional scale and a monthly temporal resolution. The proposed approach is applied to a real-world case in a typical arid agricultural region of northwest China for verifying its validity. From this real-world case, it is found that: 1) optimization results corresponding to different flow-level scenarios of surface runoff can provide upper-, middle-, and lower-level decision makers with a set of decision alternatives to help identify the most appropriate management strategy; and 2) multiple model comparisons show that the MLMOSP approach can not only give more practical results guaranteeing the achievement of decision-making goals at different decision-making levels, but also help reduce groundwater extraction under different flow level scenarios of surface runoff.
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•A multi-level multi-objective stochastic approach is presented for allocating limited water through space and time.•Key factors of each decision-making level are considered through multi-criteria method and water sensitive weight method.•The tradeoffs among main concerns of different decision makers at each decision-making level are reflected.•Leader-follower relationships in water-allocation systems are fully reflected via multi-level programming.•A real-word case confirmed the applicability and feasibility of the proposed approach.
This study aims to assess satisfaction with the quality of education in educational institutions in Algeria and to determine the factors that significantly influence it. The study was based on a ...survey of inspectors representing the primary control body for educational institutions in Algeria. The questionnaire contained questions based on which the inspectors assessed the quality of education in 1,101 schools (representative sample). A three-point Likert scale was used to evaluate inspectors' agreement with the statements included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 7 factors that characterize the quality of the professional development of pedagogical workers, the educational program, textbooks, the educational process, the conditions of school education, the evaluation process, and the effectiveness of the teacher's work. Correspondence of the data to the normal law of distribution was confirmed with the help of SENWEKS (asymmetry coefficient/skewness coefficient) and KIRTOSIS (variation coefficient or excess) indicators. The reliability of the research tools and the possibility of relying on the questionnaire data were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity - using the overall internal consistency coefficient. The internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Pearson's linear correlation coefficients between the factors and the total score of the questionnaire. The study proved that the factors of the quality of education, with the highest level of satisfaction expressed by the respondents, were the quality of educational programs (inspectors have a favourable opinion about the educational content, considering it relevant and well structured) and textbooks (inspectors appreciate the clarity and richness of the content of the textbook, emphasizing its essential role in student learning), while they were the least satisfied with the quality of learning conditions (inspectors point to a lack of educational resources, inadequate infrastructure and a large number of students in the classroom). One-sample Student's t-test (one-sample T-Student Test) was used to identify the factors that have the most significant impact on measuring the quality of education in educational institutions in Algeria. The most important factors were the effectiveness of the teachers, the quality of the curriculum and the quality of the textbooks. The research emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and adequate support for teachers.
This study constructs the influencing factors system of digital transformation of manufacturing companies and determines the influencing factors of digital transformation of manufacturing companies ...from the technical level, the ability level, the environmental level in order to promote the process of digital transformation of manufacturing companies, consider the impact of technology, capacity and environment on digital transformation of manufacturing. To identify the most important factors and crucial factors, developed a model for identifying critical factors based on the hybrid DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methodology. Combined with the related data, this study carries out empirical analysis to demonstrate and verify the influencing factors system of digital transformation of manufacturing companies with the help of hybrid DEMATEL method. The empirical analysis results indicate that the investment share of digital technology, the benefit level of company of manufacturing industry and government support are the crucial factors, and the construction level of digital platform, the technical level of employees, level of construction of digitized equipment and industrial supporting capacity are the non crucial factors. The feasibility and validity of hybrid DEMATEL method are verified.
Lake sediment is a natural sink for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH sedimentation characteristics and their impact factors of Chinese lakes have mainly been qualitative assessed. ...However, quantitative impacts of PAH sedimentation from different factors have not been well analyzed. To fill this gap, we screened PAH sedimentation records from the literature, for 51 lakes in China and other regions of the world, to identify historical concentration variation and the impact factors of PAHs in different regions, in lake sediment. The results show that PAH concentrations in the sediment core in the selected Chinese lakes (478 ± 812 ng/g dry weight (dw)) were significantly lower than those in North America (5518 ± 6572 ng/g dw) and Europe (3817 ± 4033 ng/g dw). From 1900 to 2015, most of the lakes in China showed an increasing trend of PAH sedimentation concentrations, with the lakes in Southeastern China showed a decreasing trend of PAH concentration in the period of 2001–2015, which was later than the peak times shown in Western countries (1941–1970). The 2-3-ring PAHs were the main components in the sediment core of Chinese lakes, but the proportion to the total PAHs decreased from 72% in 1900–1940 to 55% in 2001–2015. Generalized additive modeling (GAM) was adopted to simulate the associations between PAH sedimentation records and the impact factors. There are large regional variations of economic and industrial development in China. The impact factors of PAH accumulation in the lake sediments differ in different regions. However, population and the consumption of coal, pesticides, and fertilizer were identified to be the most important impact factors influencing PAH sedimentation. The Chinese government needs to strengthen control measures on pollutant discharge to reduce the anthropogenic impact of PAH sedimentation in lakes.
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•PAH variations in lake sediment cores in China were analyzed by the literature data.•PAH contents in China's lake sediment were 9 times lower than in Western lakes.•PAH concentrations in most lake sediment cores in China increased from 1900 to 2015.•The share of 2–3 ring PAHs in lake sediment changed from 72% in 1900 to 55% in 2015.•Population and coal & agricultural use mainly impact the PAH sedimentation records.
The optimized structures of FeCl3 and FeCl4, The theoretical Raman spectra of FeCl3 and FeCl4−
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•The structure of FeCl3 and FeCl4− were optimized and the theoretical Raman spectra of ...FeCl3 and FeCl4− were calculated for the first time.•The increase of MgCl2 concentration was conducive to the extraction of lithium by investigating the influence of MgCl2. The influence of Cl− was greater than that of Mg2+.•Fe3+ and Cl− were the optimal central ions and ligands for the formation of monovalent anions with high selectivity for lithium by investigating the influence of FeCl3 on lithium extraction.
The key factors and mechanism of lithium extraction using tributyl phosphate(TBP) as extractant, kerosene as diluent, and FeCl3 as co-extractant were investigated. The theoretical Raman spectra of FeCl3 and FeCl4− were calculated by DFT. The key factors MgCl2, FeCl3 and TBP were studied. The results suggested the increase of MgCl2 concentration was conducive to extraction lithium and the influence of Cl− was greater than Mg2+. Fe3+ and Cl− were the optimal central ions and ligands for the formation of monovalent anions. The concentration of TBP should not too much for improving the separation effect of Li+ and Mg2+.
Many factors are affecting the efficiency of the pumping well system and the lack of pertinence in oil well governance. It is proposed to use the block as a unit to use the multiple regression method ...to study the key influencing factors of the system efficiency, determine the degree of influence of various factors on the system efficiency through standardized regression coefficients, and grasp the main contradictions that restrict the efficiency of the oil well system. Guide the adjustment and optimization of oil wells, provide theoretical support for the targeted management of pumping well system efficiency, and improve the comprehensive management level of the oilfield.
Lakes have faced the challenge of alleviating water deterioration due to rapid socioeconomic development. This fact highlights the urgency to understand the impact of socioeconomic development on ...water quality. Although existing studies have devoted efforts on the research of the relationship between socioeconomic development and water quality, the theoretical basis and process of factors selection (socioeconomic factors and water quality factors) have often been ignored. A conceptual model was employed in this work to select the candidate indicators. Meanwhile, a new developed method that introduces a monthly correction coefficient was proposed to evaluate socioeconomic indicators and seasonal-trend decomposition (STL) using the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) method. At the same time, the steady-state transformation index (RSI) were adopted to further select water quality indicators. Base on that, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and the measured and ideal values of water quality indicators were used to quantitatively study the degree of influence of socioeconomic systems and their key factors on water quality. The proposed methodology were applied to the Dongting Lake basin and its four sub-watersheds, the Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li River watersheds, as these water bodies have been seriously affected by human activities in recent years. The results showed that there was a high correlation between the socioeconomic system and water quality, with significant temporal and spatial characteristics. The average annual impact degree of the socioeconomic system on water quality was at a moderate level for Dongting Lake basin and its four sub-watersheds, while the impact degree for Xiang River watershed was higher than that of the other watersheds. The influence degree decreased in the Dongting Lake basin, Xiang River and Li River watersheds, whereas the trend was the opposite in the Yuan River and Zi River watersheds from 2004 to 2017. Water consumption (WC), percentage of cultivated land area (CA), total nitrogen (TN) input from agricultural non-point sources (A_TN), and human response factors, such as industrial wastewater compliance discharge rate (WR) and sewage treatment (ST), were the main socioeconomic factors affecting the water quality of Dongting Lake. Implementation of an efficient water use plan, controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution and improving the sewage treatment capacity should be given priority in order to effectively improve the water quality of Dongting Lake. The present study showed the relationship between socioeconomic drivers and water quality, and provided a reliable tool for decision makers in watershed management.
Based on the livestreaming of the e-commerce platform Taobao, this paper studied the consumers’ online live streaming purchase decision behavior, taking causal snacks purchase as an example. In the ...paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce dimension of the evaluation indicators of consumers purchase decision, and an evaluation index system for consumers’ purchase of casual snacks under livestreaming was established, which consists of 5 first-level indicators and 20 sub-level indicators. In view of the uncertainty of expert evaluation, Using Fuzzy-DEMATEL analysis the evaluation index’s logical relationships and influence relationships, and an Analytic Network Process (ANP) network based on the importance and relevance of consumer purchase influence was constructed. The weighted method of Fuzzy-DEMATEL and ANP combination is used to improve the objectivity of indexing importance. The experimental results showed that the amount of transaction guided by anchors, popularity of anchors, teamwork ability of livestreaming, brand awareness of snack and selection ability of livestreaming team were the key factors for consumers’ purchasing decisions of snack under livestreaming. This research could help livestreaming e-commerce platforms, businesses and livestreaming marketing teams understand the consumers behavior better, thus improve the purchase intention of consumers from the key factors affecting their decision-making, increase the sales volume and the amount of attention of the products, and increase the volume of guided transactions and the number of fans for the livestreaming marketing teams.
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