Based on the livestreaming of the e-commerce platform Taobao, this paper studied the consumers’ online live streaming purchase decision behavior, taking causal snacks purchase as an example. In the ...paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce dimension of the evaluation indicators of consumers purchase decision, and an evaluation index system for consumers’ purchase of casual snacks under livestreaming was established, which consists of 5 first-level indicators and 20 sub-level indicators. In view of the uncertainty of expert evaluation, Using Fuzzy-DEMATEL analysis the evaluation index’s logical relationships and influence relationships, and an Analytic Network Process (ANP) network based on the importance and relevance of consumer purchase influence was constructed. The weighted method of Fuzzy-DEMATEL and ANP combination is used to improve the objectivity of indexing importance. The experimental results showed that the amount of transaction guided by anchors, popularity of anchors, teamwork ability of livestreaming, brand awareness of snack and selection ability of livestreaming team were the key factors for consumers’ purchasing decisions of snack under livestreaming. This research could help livestreaming e-commerce platforms, businesses and livestreaming marketing teams understand the consumers behavior better, thus improve the purchase intention of consumers from the key factors affecting their decision-making, increase the sales volume and the amount of attention of the products, and increase the volume of guided transactions and the number of fans for the livestreaming marketing teams.
For years, the construction industry has looked for ways to avoid time-overruns in construction. Despite previous research mapping the factors affecting time performance, site-managers have ...difficulties in reducing the time-overrun. In order to create a clearer guidance on how to control time-performance, this study investigates the resource related factors because they are within the site-manager's control. Three Case studies were followed and a survey including 36 participants where conducted. Both investigated and ranked the likelihood of delay due to the seven different resource factors. The ranking of the resource factors was identified as: (1) Construction design, (2) Connecting works, (3) External conditions, (4) Work force, (5) Components and materials, (6) Space, (7) Equipment and machinery. The site-manager's focus should be avoiding the factors that most often is found to cause time-overrun, which are construction design and connecting work that constitute about 60% of the time-overruns. The comparison of the studies revealed that construction professionals were unable to distinguish between the less and the low frequent factors causing time-overrun. Future survey studies should take into consideration that construction professionals' preserved reality does not always correspond to the observed reality. Indicators include low variation between factors and limited use of the scale.
•A new-comprehensive index system was constructed to evaluate urban livability.•Exploring the spatial–temporal evolution of urban livability in the Loess Plateau.•The key factors of urban livability ...were identified in arid zone.•Providing a hybrid model for the construction of livable city in arid zone.
Urban livability (UL) plays an important direction of sustainable cities and society. According to the core connotation of urban sustainable development goals (SDGs), this study deconstructed the relationship between UL and SDGs, and extracted corresponding indicators to construct a universal and scientific evaluation index system for evaluating urban livability in arid zone. The UL system was divided into seven dimensions: economic growth, urban construction and population, urban public service capacity, resource consumption and utilization, living standard of residents, current situation of urban environment, environmental pollution. TOPSIS model and SYS-GMM model were adopted to explore the spatial–temporal evolution and key factors of urban livability in arid areas, 24 cities on the Loess Plateau from 2013 to 2018 were chosen for this study. The evaluation results indicate that the overall livable level of 24 cities is not ideal, the temporal characteristic shows a rising trend of fluctuation, and the spatial characteristic shows central depression. Additionally, the empirical results show that there are six key factors for urban livability in the Loess Plateau, the fixed asset investment and population density have a negative impact on UL, while environmental regulation, industrial structure optimization, income level and Institutional quality play a positive impact on UL. The UL index system can measure the UL situation comprehensively and scientifically, which can provide a universal applicability index system for ecologically sensitive & arid areas to research UL, construct ecological livable cities, and achieve SDGs.
•Polder models and BRT are used for finding key hydrological driving factors.•Discharge and soil erosion variation strongly correlate with meteorological factors.•Nitrogen and phosphorus export was ...mainly controlled by agricultural practices.•Threshold points of primary factors were screened for hydrologic processes.
Quantifying the relative effect of driving factors on polder hydrological processes and identifying the key factors are prerequisites to adopting effective measures for alleviating flooding, soil loss, and eutrophication. Based on the output results of calibrated Polder Hydrology and Nitrogen modeling System (PHNS) and Polder Hydrology and Phosphorus modeling System (PHPS), the boosted regression tree (BRT) model screened key influential factors and identified the corresponding threshold point values in a typical Chinese agricultural polder. Temporal changes in discharge and soil erosion were most sensitive to weather factors, while those of nitrogen and phosphorus exports were mainly influenced by human management actions. Precipitation was the largest contributor to the temporal variation of discharge (51.5%), soil erosion (69.4%). Vegetation cover and management factor of dryland C2 (34.5%) defined as the ratio of sediment loss from cropland to the corresponding loss from clean-tilled and continuous fallow, and phosphorus fertilization application to paddy field (30.7%) were the two determinants of phosphorus export, whilst surface water level to stop pump drainage (48.2%) had the largest contributions to nitrogen export. Precipitation from 0 to 50 mm/d contributed to a significant increase in discharge, soil erosion and nitrogen and phosphorus exports. Vegetation cover and management factor of paddy field C1 under 0.28 contributed to an elevated risk of nitrogen export, and C2 below 0.34 facilitated soil loss and phosphorus export.
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In order to achieve success in future goals and activities, health research centers are required to identify their key success factors.
This study aimed to extract and rank the factors affecting the ...success of research centers at one of the medical universities in Iran.
This study is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) study, which was conducted between May to October in 2016. The study setting was 22 health research centers. In qualitative phase, we extracted the factors affecting the success in research centers through purposeful interviews with 10 experts of centers, and classified them into themes and sub-themes. In the quantitative phase, we prepared a questionnaire and scored and ranked the factors recognized by 54 of the study samples by Friedman test.
Nine themes and 42 sub-themes were identified. Themes included: strategic orientation, management, human capital, support, projects, infrastructure, communications and collaboration, paradigm and innovation and they were rated respectively as components of success in research centers. Among the 42 identified factors, 10 factors were ranked respectively as the key factors of success, and included: science and technology road map, strategic plan, evaluation indexes, committed human resources, scientific evaluation of members and centers, innovation in research and implementation, financial support, capable researchers, equipment infrastructure and teamwork.
According to the results, the strategic orientation was the most important component in the success of research centers. Therefore, managers and authorities of research centers should pay more attention to strategic areas in future planning, including the science and technology road map and strategic plan.
Port State Control (PSC) means the inspections and controls that port states implement on the foreign ships visiting their own ports to aim to ensure safe shipping and prevent maritime pollution ...caused by ships. When shortcomings in ships that may undermine safety or cause maritime environmental damage are identified, the port states can detain the ship until the weaknesses are rectified to ensure safety and mitigate pollution risks. This paper analyzes the factors behind the detention of ships under PSC using grey rational analysis (GRA) model with improved entropy weight to understand how much the varied factors influence the decision of ship detention, and identifies key factors of detainment to guarantee shipping safety and environmental protection. To start with, this paper selects nine issues as main factors behind ship detention based on a study of previous and current data and information, then it establishes a method using GRA model with improved entropy weight and the procedural steps. In conclusion, this paper conducts empirical analysis with detention data in port states in the Asia-Pacific Region collected by Tokyo MOU in the past decade. Based on the results, this paper puts forward suggestions and countermeasures so as to reduce ship detention. The research offers advice on effective measures on ship safety inspections by the port states as well as decision-making support on maritime safety and environmental protection policies for governments and various stakeholders.
•Port State Control aims to ensure safe shipping and prevent maritime pollution.•The factors behind ship detention under PSC are analyzed.•A model is proposed to understand varied factors influencing ship detention.•An empirical analysis of Tokyo MOU is conducted.
Real estate development is among the main consumers for green building materials (GBM), and developers play a critical role in the development of GBM. Therefore, green procurement (GP) practice ...adopted by developers is important to the promotion of GBM products. There are various factors acting as an impetus for developers to adopt GP in the areas of business policy, marketing, supplier selection, and enterprise organization. There are a number of attributes to each of these areas, and some of them are key factors playing essential roles in affecting developers' GP practice. This study examines the green features of GBM, factors affecting GP practice, and green procurement behavior in the context of real estate development. Research data used for analysis are collected through a questionnaire survey to developers, with the receival of 39 effective responses. The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique is employed in identifying key factors to GP behavior. The study reveals that the key factors include “Marketing benefits”, “Market pressure” and “Internal pressure within organization”, and the typical reasons for developers to adopt GP are “Policy pressure”, “Marketing benefits” and “Business benefits”. The research findings on these key GP factors provide a valuable reference for assisting relevant government departments to formulate effective policies and regulations in order to encourage real estate developers to adopt GP and consequently promote the development of GBM.
•Green features of building materials are examined by conducting literature review.•Green procurement behavior is examined to interpret factors' influence significance.•Typical reasons for developers to adopt green procurement are identified.•Key factors to green procurement are analyzed using ANOVA technique.
Maintaining quality in construction projects is paramount to project success, achieved through techniques such as Total Quality Management (TQM). However, the key factors of TQM implementation in the ...construction industry of developing countries are not well explored. Accordingly, this paper evaluated the causative relationship and intricacies of TQM implementation in the construction sector of developing countries. A total of 28 key factors of TQM were captured through a literature review. Thereafter, 12 significant key factors were shortlisted. Lack of top management commitment, poor customer/client satisfaction, inadequate quality of education regarding TQM, and ineffective organizational quality culture emerged as impediments to implementing TQM in the construction sector. A Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) was developed to represent interrelations between the 12 shortlisted factors. In addition, a system dynamics model (SDM) was developed. The simulation results of the developed SDM indicated an increase in TQM implementation over the period under the defined system.
In recent years, dye wastewater caused serious effects on environmental ecology and human health. Thus, in the present study, hydroxylamine (HA) was used to improve the Fe3O4/H2O2 process for ...removing the typical dye pollutant (tartrazine). Only 2.8% tartrazine could be removed in Fe3O4/H2O2 system within 60 min at the reaction of 1 g/L Fe3O4, 1 mM H2O2, and pH 4 while 97.5% tartrazine could be removed within 20 min after adding 1 mM HA into the Fe3O4/H2O2 system. Compared with Fe3O4/H2O2 system, the removal rate for removing tartrazine in Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 system could enhance more than 100 times. Electron paramagnetic resonance tests (EPR), radical quenching experiments and quantitative determination demonstrated that •OH was the major reactive species for removing tartrazine in Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 system and •OH produced concentration in Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 system was also much higher than that in Fe3O4/H2O2 system. The key factors affecting tartrazine removal in Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 system were also conducted. The optimal HA dosage, Fe3O4 dosage, and H2O2 dosage was 1 mM, 1 g/L and 1 mM. The optimal initial pH in Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 system was 3, but compared with Fe3O4/H2O2 system, the tatrazine removal efficiency could significantly improve under any initial pH condition. Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 process had strong adaptability to inorganic ions and good applicability to different pollutants. Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 process also exhibited good recycle ability for tartrazine removal. Overall, Fe3O4-HA/H2O2 process is an effective and good practical applicability approach for dye wastewater treatment.
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