Craig Taylor's study examines the wide-ranging French debates on the martial ideals of chivalry and knighthood during the period of the Hundred Years War (1337–1453). Faced by stunning military ...disasters and the collapse of public order, writers and intellectuals carefully scrutinized the martial qualities expected of knights and soldiers. They questioned when knights and men-at-arms could legitimately resort to violence, the true nature of courage, the importance of mercy, and the role of books and scholarly learning in the very practical world of military men. Contributors to these discussions included some of the most famous French medieval writers, led by Jean Froissart, Geoffroi de Charny, Philippe de Mézières, Honorat Bovet, Christine de Pizan, Alain Chartier and Antoine de La Sale. This interdisciplinary study sets their discussions in context, challenging modern, romantic assumptions about chivalry and investigating the historical reality of debates about knighthood and warfare in late medieval France.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and ...impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
In Forged in the Shadow of Mars, Peter W. Sposato traces chivalry's powerful influence on the mentalitè and behavior of a sizeable segment of the elite in late medieval Florence. He finds that the ...strenuous knights and men-at-arms of the Florentine chivalric elite—a cultural community comprised of men from both traditional and newly emerged elite lineages—embraced a chivalric ideology that was fundamentally martial and violent. Chivalry helped to shape a common identity among these men based on the profession of arms and the ready use of violence against both their peers and those they perceived to be their social inferiors. This violence, often transgressive in nature, was not only crucial to asserting and defending personal, familial, and corporate honor, but was also inherently praiseworthy. In this way, Sposato highlights the sharp differences between chivalry and the more familiar civic ideology of the popolo grasso, the Florentine mercantile and banking elite who came to dominate Florence politically and economically during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. As a result, in Forged in the Shadow of Mar s, Sposato challenges the traditional scholarly view of chivalry as foreign to the social and cultural landscape of Florence and contests its reputation as a civilizing force. By reexamining the connection between chivalric literature and actual practice and identity formation among historical knights and men-at-arms, he likewise provides an important corrective to assumptions about the nature of elite violence and identity in medieval Italian cities.
This article describes the architecture of Knights Landing, the second-generation Intel Xeon Phi product family, which targets high-performance computing and other highly parallel workloads. It ...provides a significant increase in scalar and vector performance and a big boost in memory bandwidth compared to the prior generation, called Knights Corner. Knights Landing is a self-booting, standard CPU that is completely binary compatible with prior Intel Xeon processors and is capable of running all legacy workloads unmodified. Its innovations include a core optimized for power efficiency, a 512-bit vector instruction set, a memory architecture comprising two types of memory for high bandwidth and large capacity, a high-bandwidth on-die interconnect, and an integrated on-package network fabric. These features enable the Knights Landing processor to provide significant performance improvement for computationally intensive and bandwidth-bound workloads while still providing good performance on unoptimized legacy workloads, without requiring any special way of programming other than the standard CPU programming model.
The medieval code of chivalry demanded that warrior elites demonstrate fierce courage in battle, display prowess with weaponry, and avenge any strike against their honor. They were also required to ...be devout Christians. How, then, could knights pledge fealty to the Prince of Peace, who enjoined the faithful to turn the other cheek rather than seek vengeance and who taught that the meek, rather than glorious fighters in tournaments, shall inherit the earth? By what logic and language was knighthood valorized? InHoly Warriors, Richard Kaeuper argues that while some clerics sanctified violence in defense of the Holy Church, others were sorely troubled by chivalric practices in everyday life. As elite laity, knights had theological ideas of their own. Soundly pious yet independent, knights proclaimed the validity of their bloody profession by selectively appropriating religious ideals. Their ideology emphasized meritorious suffering on campaign and in battle even as their violence enriched them and established their dominance. In a world of divinely ordained social orders, theirs was blessed, though many sensitive souls worried about the ultimate price of rapine and destruction. Kaeuper examines how these paradoxical chivalric ideals were spread in a vast corpus of literature from exempla and chansons de geste to romance. Through these works, both clerics and lay military elites claimed God's blessing for knighthood while avoiding the contradictions inherent in their fusion of chivalry with a religion that looked back to the Sermon on the Mount for its ethical foundation.
With a storied history of being fierce defenders against the Church's enemies, the members of the Order of Malta are professed "monk-warriors." They act as the noble, chivalrous, and battle-scarred ...knights while also the servant of the poor and sick. For hundreds of years, the Church has been indebted to them for their military prowess. But the Order of Malta was, and is, much more than what legend and history celebrate. From its twelfth-century foundation, it has been a religious order. At its core are the three evangelical vows that lay religious men and women (for much of the order's history) have taken. This book brings to the fore the religious nature of the order, so long overshadowed by its glorious military tradition and, more recently, its global charitable activities. It focuses not on the monk-warrior but on the twenty-plus members of the order who have been canonized and beatified for their extraordinary lives of love, prayer, and dedication. The book offers the reader a series of brief biographies on some of the most diverse groups of saints to come from one religious order, from peasants to popes and everything in between. In applying historical analysis to the lives of these holy men and women, the author demonstrates that one need not hide behind hagiographic generalities or far-fetched stories to find examples of true virtue in the lives of these Hospitallers.
Florian Dörschel deals with the martial side of German chivalry towards the end of the Middle Ages. Knightly violence was at the center of social, military and political life as an instrument of ...power, representation and communication. Florian Dörschel befasst sich mit der kriegerischen Seite des deutschen Rittertums im ausgehenden Mittelalter. Diese ritterliche Gewalt stand als Machtinstrument, Repräsentations- und Kommunikationsmittel im Mittelpunkt des sozialen, militärischen und politischen Lebens.
In this paper, a novel high dimensional spatiotemporal chaotic system based on 2D non-adjacent coupled map lattice (2DNACML) model is proposed. Each local lattice is influenced by other random ...lattices in different dimensions and the local map is defined as a fractional-like style. From the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, it is found that ranges of system parameters are expanded and unfixed in the novel 2DNACML model. As a result, the changed system is improved and been applied in the image encryption with a mixed scrambling scheme with chaotic method and knights tour method and an efficient diffusion scheme for different images to show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Here, this work extends our previous research entitled "MemXCT: Memory-centric X-ray CT Reconstruction with Massive Parallelization" that was originally published at SC19 conference (Hidayetoglu et ...al., 2019) with reproducibility of the computational imaging performance. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is regularly used at synchrotron light sources to study the internal morphology of materials at high resolution. However, experimental constraints, such as radiation sensitivity, can result in noisy or undersampled measurements. Further, depending on the resolution, sample size and data acquisition rates, the resulting noisy dataset can be in the order of terabytes. Advanced iterative reconstruction techniques can produce high-quality images from noisy measurements, but their computational requirements have made their use an exception rather than the rule. We propose a novel memory-centric approach that avoids redundant computations at the expense of additional memory complexity. We develop a memory-centric iterative reconstruction system, MemXCT, that uses an optimized SpMV implementation with two-level pseudo-Hilbert ordering and multi-stage input buffering. We evaluate MemXCT on various supercomputer architectures involving KNL and GPU. MemXCT can reconstruct a large (11Kx11K) mouse brain tomogram in 10 seconds using 4096 KNL nodes (256K cores). The results presented in our original article at the SC19 were based on large-scale supercomputing resources. The MemXCT application was selected for the Student Cluster Competition (SCC) Reproducibility Challenge and evaluated on a variety of cloud computing resources by universities around the world in the SC20 conference. We summarize the results of the top-ranked SCC Reproducibility Challenge teams and identify the most pertinent measures for ensuring the reproducibility of our experiments in this article.
In the long history of European prose fiction, few works have been more influential and more popular than the romance of chivalryAmadis of Gaul. Although its original author is unknown, it was ...probably written during the early fourteenth century. The first great bestseller of the age of printing,Amadis of Gaulwas translated into dozens of languages and spawned sequels and imitators over the centuries. A handsome, valiant, and undefeatable knight, Amadis is perhaps best known today as Don Quixote's favorite knight-errant and model. This exquisite English translation restores a masterpiece to print.
