Penelitian tentang disparitas pidana dalam putusan hakim terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika di Pengadilan Negeri Sleman ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam praktik disparitas pidana dalam pengenaan ...sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana psikotropika memang terjadi. Penyebab terjadinya disparitas pidana terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika bersumber pada berbagai hal yakni: dari diri hakim, dari hukumnya sendiri, serta karakteristik kasus yang bersangkutan. Upaya meminimalisir disparitas pidana dapat dilakukan dengan mengefektifkan fungsi majelis hakim dengan menggunakan semua potensi yang ada pada diri hakim sendiri atau dapat dilakukan dengan mengadakan pelatihan yang diikuti oleh semua subsistem peradilan pidana agar memiliki persamaan visi dan misi terhadap peradilan pidana. Selain itu dapat digunakan suatu pendekatan dengan menciptakan pedoman pemberian pidana, meningkatkan peranan pengadilan banding, seleksi dan latihan para hakim, khususnya di Pengadilan Negeri untuk konsistensi kebijakan pemidanaan.
Penelitian tentang disparitas pidana dalam putusan hakim terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika di Pengadilan Negeri Sleman ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam praktik disparitas pidana dalam pengenaan ...sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana psikotropika memang terjadi. Penyebab terjadinya disparitas pidana terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika bersumber pada berbagai hal yakni: dari diri hakim, dari hukumnya sendiri, serta karakteristik kasus yang bersangkutan. Upaya meminimalisir disparitas pidana dapat dilakukan dengan mengefektifkan fungsi majelis hakim dengan menggunakan semua potensi yang ada pada diri hakim sendiri atau dapat dilakukan dengan mengadakan pelatihan yang diikuti oleh semua subsistem peradilan pidana agar memiliki persamaan visi dan misi terhadap peradilan pidana. Selain itu dapat digunakan suatu pendekatan dengan menciptakan pedoman pemberian pidana, meningkatkan peranan pengadilan banding, seleksi dan latihan para hakim, khususnya di Pengadilan Negeri untuk konsistensi kebijakan pemidanaan.
Pemalsuan adalah suatu kejahatan yang sering terjadi di masyarakat. Pemalsuan surat, dilakukan untuk kepentingan pelaku. Akselerasi teknologi informasi yang didukung dengan kemampuan intelektual ...pelaku menyebabkan tindak pidana ini semakin mudah dilakukan. Pasal 263 KUHP mengamanatkan bahwa salah satu unsur dari tindak pidana ini adalah “dapat menimbulkan kerugian.” Perdebatan mengenai definisi kerugian masih sering terjadi, mayoritas penegak hukum masih memandang bahwa kerugian hanya menyangkut masalah material saja. Dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis dua isu yakni kebijakan kriminal tindak pidana pemalsuan dalam hukum positif dan pembuktian kerugian dalam tindak pidana pemalsuan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Bahan hukum dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskripsi, teknik interpretasi dan teknik argumentasi. Kebijakan kriminal tindak pidana pemalsuan dalam hukum positif diatur dalam Buku II KUHP yakni Pasal 263 KUHP. Kebijakan kriminal dari pemalsuan surat meliputi tahap yudisial dan tahap aplikatif (penegak hukum). Pembuktian pemalsuan dilakukan untuk menegakkan kebenaran dan melindungi kepentingan korban. “Kerugian” meliputi kerugian materiil dan kerugian immaterial (kerugian di lapangan masyarakat, kesusilaan, kehormatan, dan sebagainya).
Ovisnost o drogama kao kriminogeni čimbenik Markus Klarić, Marija; Klarić, Dubravko
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
10/2020, Letnik:
57, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zlouporaba droge, odstupanje od legalnih i moralnih normi, dovodi do nezakonitog, nerijetko kriminalnog ponašanja. Ovisnost, kao potencijalni uzrok kriminalnom ponašanju, prva je karika u kauzalnom ...lancu ostvarenja raznih oblika delinkvencije. Također treba imati u vidu dva prisutna stanja, počinjenje određenog kaznenog djela pod utjecajem droge, nabavljanje te konzumaciju droge. Kriminogeni čimbenik, koji će odrediti dimenziju samog kriminalnog ponašanja, sadržavat će subjektivnu životnu situaciju ovisnika, njegovu ovisnost kroz loše materijalno stanje, skupoću droge i sve veću potrebu za njom. Taj oblik kriminala može se razumijevati kao stečeni kriminal, jer da nije bilo ovisnosti kao važnog kriminogenog čimbenika, njegovih utjecaja na psihu, ovisnik vrlo vjerojatno ne bi ušao u zonu kriminala, odnosno ne bi se moglo govoriti o formiranju njegove kriminalne osobnosti i delinkventnog ponašanja. Pitanje kaznene odgovornosti, zapravo njegove subjektivne krivnje, kompleksno je. Koliki je značaj ovisnosti kao kriminogenog čimbenika, ovisit će isto tako i o samoj osobnosti ovisnika. Stvaranjem ovisnosti karakterne crte osobnosti se mijenjaju, zato kod kriminološke analize valja uzeti u obzir i ostale možebitne kriminogene čimbenike, ali i životnu situaciju osobe prije nego što je ušla u zonu zlouporabe droga.
Drug abuse as a form of deviation from legal and moral norm usually leads to illegal, criminal behavior. Drug addiction presents just one piece of a puzzle which might lead to an realization of various criminal acts. Two modalities has to be taken into consideration, on one hand, a perpetration of different criminal offenses under the influence of drugs and on the other hand an acquisition and drug consummation. Criminogenic factor which shall determine a dimension of criminal behavior comprises of addict’s subjective circumstances such as his addiction such as poor material condition, high price of drugs and increasing desire for the same. This type of criminal can be considered as an acquired criminal, since if the addiction did not occur, the addict would most likely not be engaged in the criminal behavior since his criminal personality might not be formed in that manner. An issue of an addict’s criminal liability, his subjective guilt, is layered and complex. The meaning of an addiction as a criminogenic factor will also depend on the personality of an addict himself. Since drug addiction undeniably alters personal traits, criminalistic analysis should take into an account also other potential criminogenic factors, such as the life situation of a person prior to the drug abuse.
Crime was not always criminal. Crime was a criminal when the evil conduct had been decided as the criminal (hadbeen criminalized) by criminal law. It meant that the evil conduct could only get a ...punishment if (s) he was stated as the evil conduct by the criminal law. Although a crime had not been criminalized, it did not mean the action could not get a sanction. If it was considered as an evil and inflicted people, the actor had to get social sanction from the society. In Juridical way, civil law had also given a right to the party who was inflicted to claim compensation. Economy criminal act at First was an ethic violation. There were some authors that generalizing moral and ethic, as what was stated by Muhammad Said, ethic is identical with moral which is in Latinmos (plural form: mores) that also means custom or way of life. Thus, the two words (ethicand moral) showed how to something based on the tradition or custom because of the agreement to the practice of a group of people. K. Bertens gave the meaning of ethic, as the moral values and norms which became a guide for someone or a group of people in doing something. Thus, ethic here etymologically was the same as moral. However, there was a substance which was basically different. It said that ethic was a moral implication and as a part of action involved in moral value. Bahwasanya kejahatan tidak selalu merupakan tindak pidana. Kejahatan merupakantindak pidana ketika perilaku jahat (evil conduct) tersebut telah ditetapkan sebagaitindak pidana (telah dikriminalisasi) oleh suatu undang-undang pidana. Artinya,pelaku suatu kejahatan hanya dapat dijatuhi sanksi pidana apabila perilaku jahattersebut telah dinyatakan sebagai tindak pidana oleh undang-undang pidana.Meskipun suatu kejahatan belum dikriminalisasi, tidak berarti perbuatan tersebuttidak dapat dikenakan sanksi. Apabila perilaku itu dinilai sebagai perilaku yangjahat dan atau merugikan anggota masyarakat, maka pelakunya pasti memperolehsanksi sosial dari mayarakat. Secara yuridis, hukum perdata juga telah memberikanhak kepada pihak yang dirugikan untuk menuntut ganti rugi, bila perilaku jahat(kejahatan) tersebut merugikan orang lain.Tindak pidana ekonomi pada awalnya merupakan suatu bentuk pelanggaranterhadap etika. Ada beberapa penulis yang mengidentikkan atau menyamakan moral dengan etika, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Muhammad Said, etika itu identikdengan kata moral dari bahasa latin mos (jamaknya mores) yang juga berartiadat istiadat atau cara hidup. Jadi, kedua kata tersebut (etika dan moral) menunjukkancara berbuatyang menjadi adat karena persetujuan untuk praktek sekelompok manusia. K. Bertens mengartikan etika, sebagai nilai-nilai dan norma-norma moralyang menjadi pegangan bagi seseorang atau suatu kelompok dalam mengatur tingkah lakunya. Oleh karena itu, etika disini secara etimologis disamakan denganmoral, namun ada substansi yang secara mendasar berbeda, yakni etika merupakanimplikasi moral dan sebagai suatu bagian perbuatan yang tercakup dalam nilai moral.
Dečja pornografija Zoran S. Pavlović; Nikola Petković; Jelena Matijašević Obradović
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
02/2014, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zloupotreba dece u pornografske svrhe predstavlja ozbiljan sociološki, kriminološki i viktimološki problem današnjice koji, i pored svih preventivnih i restriktivnih aktivnosti na međunarodnom nivou, ...pokazuje značajnu ekspanziju. Činjenica da se Republika Srbija tek nedavno aktivno uključila u borbu protiv dečje pornografije na internetu postavlja zahteve kritičke analize postojećih nacionalnih krivično-pravnih rešenja koja regulišu ovo područje, te njihove usklađenosti sa međunarodnom legislativom. Upravo u tom kontekstu, pored elaboracije određenja pojma i okvira dečje pornografije, autori će u radu pokušati da daju osvrt na progresivnu fenomenologiju ove vrste krivičnih dela. Tako će u radu biti prikazana problematika virtuelne pornografije, supstituentne pedofilske gratifikacije u okviru ”preteen modeling“ sajtova kao i pokušaji krivičnopravne regulative ove oblasti u različitim zemljama, a pre svega SAD. Na kraju, kako problematika inkriminisanja posedovanja dečje pornografije u naučnim raspravama nosi često oprečne stavove, u radu će biti dat predlog izmena dela Krivičnog zakonika koji reguliše ovo pitanje, a shodno komparativno pravnim rešenjima i posledičnim kriminološkim implikacijama.
Krajem listopada 1993. pripadnici Armije Bosne i Hercegovine i Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Bosne i Hercegovine realizirali su akciju „Trebević-2”, koja je bila predstavljena kao konačni obračun ...s kriminalnim skupinama u muslimanskoj vojsci na području Sarajeva. Za razliku od proklamiranoga cilja, tu je akciju muslimanski politički i vojni vrh iskoristio za rješavanje zaoštrenih odnosa u vrhu Armije Bosne
i Hercegovine. Ti narušeni odnosi eruptirali su u razdoblju nakon uspostave dužnosti zapovjednika Armije Bosne i Hercegovine kojom je degradiran načelnik Glavnoga štaba general Sefer Halilović. Usto je akcija „Trebević” poslužila i za skretanje odgovornosti muslimanskoga političkog i vojnog rukovodstva od ratnih zločina počinjenih u operaciji
„Neretva 93”, gdje su sudjelovale upravo jedinice Armije Bosne i Hercegovine iz Sarajeva protiv kojih je isplanirana i provedena navedena
akcija.
In October 1993, the Muslim political and military leadership, with the full support of the President of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, planned and implemented a military-police operation that was, officially, supposed to introduce order among the ‘renegade’ commanders of the 9th Motorised and 10th
Mountain Brigades of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AB&H). However, a reconstruction of the events that led up to the initiation of
the mentioned operation casts doubt on the official version of the events. Namely, the Muslim political and military leadership had been aware of certain inappropriate activities of some units under its command as early as the first half of 1993, but failed to take any concrete actions to sanction them. On the contrary, despite being clearly aware of these problematic activities, the leadership of the AB&H continued to use such units in combat. In September 1993, parts
of these units were actively involved in the operation ‘Neretva 93’, during which war crimes were committed against Croatian civilians in the
village of Grabovica on 8 and 9 September.
After a meeting held on 4 October 1993, the Muslim leadership headed by Izetbegović reached a decision to deal with the problematic military commanders of the AB&H and a part of the units under their control. However, this process of facing the criminal activities performed by members of the AB&H concealed the real conflict, which was the conflict about who had supreme influence over the army and in politics, and was actually between Izetbegović and the leader of the AB&H Chief of the General Staff, Sefer Halilović. The successful results of operation ‘Trebević 2’ left Izetbegović without any serious challengers to his authority.
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