Abstract
Previous studies investigate whether levels of welfare benefits reduce crime among the unemployed. The current paper expands this literature by testing whether the intensity of other welfare ...programs aimed at the unemployed affects their criminal activity. For this purpose, the study uses evidence from a Danish social experiment that randomly assigned active labour market programs (ALMPs) of different intensity to newly unemployed individuals (N = 4.710, 41.7 per cent women). Using a negative binomial model, I find that the experiment significantly reduced the number of criminal convictions from 61 in the control group to 43 among the treated. While this 40 per cent decrease reflects a numerically small effect, the results still indicate that the intensity of ALMPs affects criminal behaviour among the unemployed.
ABSTRACT
I examine the effects of occupational licensing on the quality of certified public accountants (CPAs). I exploit the staggered adoption of the 150‐hour rule, which increases the educational ...requirements for a CPA license. The analysis shows that the rule decreases the number of entrants into the profession, reducing both low‐ and high‐quality candidates. Labor market proxies for quality find no difference between 150‐hour rule CPAs and the rest. Moreover, rule CPAs exit public accounting at similar rates and have comparable writing quality to their nonrule counterparts. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical argument that increases in licensing requirements restrict the supply of entrants and do little to improve quality in the labor market.
Commuter Effects on Local Labour Markets Russo, Giovanni; Tedeschi, Federico; Reggiani, Aura ...
Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland),
02/2014, Letnik:
51, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper offers an exploratory investigation of the effects of inbound commuter flows on employment in regional labour markets in Germany. For this purpose, the paper distinguishes three main ...channels that may transmit the effects concerned: a crowding-out mechanism and two labour demand effects—namely, an aggregate demand effect and a positive externality on vacancy creation. The results bring to light that, on the whole, commuter flows have a positive and robust effect on both employment and the number of jobs in the receiving labour market districts, but a distinctly negative effect on the share of jobs filled by resident workers. The implications of the results are interpreted and, finally, ways are suggested in which the analysis could be improved and expanded.
In this study, we quantify the labour market effects of migration flows in OECD countries during the 1990s based on a new global database on the bilateral stock of migrants, by education level. We ...simulate various outcomes using an aggregate model of labour markets, parameterised by a range of estimates from the literature. We find that immigration had a positive effect on the wages of less educated natives and it increased or left unchanged the average native wages. Emigration, instead, had a negative effect on the wages of less educated native workers and increased inequality within countries.
In this article, I define 'academics' as workers who are in or preparing for the academic labour market, including doctoral students, postdoctoral fellows, early-career scholars and established ...academics. Furthermore, 'mobility' refers to cross-border mobility rather than mobility between occupations and labour markets. In the following sections, I begin theorizing labour mobility before discussing the mobility of academic labour. Then, I discuss the institutional contexts of academic mobility, mobility as an academic practice, and academic mobility constraints. I conclude with a reflection on the research thesis and questions, and proposals of further critical research. Adapted from the source document.
Using the Public Use Microdata Sample from the 2005 to 2015 American Community Survey, the authors provide new evidence on how state collective bargaining laws affect public-sector wages. To isolate ...the causal effect of bargaining laws on public-sector pay, they examine wage differentials between otherwise similar public- and private-sector employees located in the same local labor market. They estimate difference-in-differences (DD) models that exploit two sources of plausibly exogenous variation: 1) policy discontinuities along state borders and 2) variation within states in collective bargaining laws in states where the majority of public workers are without collective bargaining rights. Findings show that mandatory collective bargaining laws increase public-sector wages by approximately 5 to 8 percentage points. Results therefore suggest that mandatory collective bargaining laws provide a formal mechanism through which public-sector workers are able to bargain for increased compensation.
This article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives ...individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub‐contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper‐precarious working conditions.
Abstract
Many professional labor markets are currently experiencing signs of deprofessionalization, including automation of tasks and increasingly unstable employment conditions. Drawing on the case ...of journalism schools, this article examines how these shifts affect professional education, which has historically been positioned as a means to avoiding precarious employment. How do professional schools cope with inimical disruptions to the labor markets for which they are training students? Based on 113 in-depth interviews with faculty, staff, and administrators from 44 U.S. journalism programs, we argue that journalism schools have sought to reframe labor market instability as an inevitable and even desirable aspect of journalistic practice and professional identity. They do this by dismantling boundaries, valorizing entrepreneurialism, and seeking to alter institutional practices to emphasize skills over abstract knowledge. Taken together, we call this professionalizing contingency. As labor market precarity continues to spread within expert and professional fields, our findings have implications for broader sociological understandings of professional education.
At present, new financial mechanisms of interaction between employees and employers in the context of market relations are being formed and improved in Russia. The decisive factor in workers’ ...per-formance is their financial motivation and stimulation. The determinative of productivity of an enterprise activity is remuneration efficiency as a base of laborers’ financial motivation and stimulation. The remuneration is a flexible element of distributive relations and it is impossible to create an effective motivational mechanism without an establishment of its communication with final results. Such indices as salary distribution and salary intensity as basic indicators of wage efficiency assessment have been used in the paper. The object of the research is sixteen large and medium-sized fishing enterprises in the Arkhangelsk region as a part of the Arctic fishing cluster. These enterprises catch fish in the Barents and Norwegian seas, as well as in the North Atlantic. It has been shown that the financial results of fishing enterprises depend on external conditions — primarily on the quotas for fish catch and the price of fish products. In the research, the authors have proceeded from the following hypotheses: the Arctic fishing cluster’s enterprises operate in a monopsony on the labor market; there is a pattern between the size of wage fund and financial performance of the Arctic fishery cluster enterprises; the change in wage fund is an effective mechanism to improve the efficiency of the Arctic fishery cluster. In the course of the research, the following interrelated tasks have been solved: the identification of the features of the Arctic fishing cluster’s labor market; the assessment of the effectiveness of the wage fund use for the Arctic fishing cluster’s enterprises based on the author's methodology; the identification of the importance of the problem of insufficient efficiency of wage fund use in the Arctic fishing cluster.
Why are certain labour markets more resilient to economic shocks? Why are some economies deeply affected by migration? Modern migration theory remains based on simplistic neo-classical utility ...maximizing assumptions, despite a failure to fully answer real-world migration questions. The aim of this paper is to show that neo-classical dynamics are differentiated between subpopulations that make up the workforce. Using disaggregated data from Germany and a dynamic spatial vector autoregressive model that allows for spillovers, the paper teases out several aspects of regional labour market resilience. Results highlight that regions stand to benefit from supporting place-specific policies tailored to local circumstances.
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