With land planning, socioeconomics and natural systems as foundations, this book combines urban planning and ecological science in examining urban regions. Writing for graduate students, academic ...researchers, planners, conservationists and policy makers, and with the use of informative urban-region color maps, Richard Forman analyzes 38 urban regions from 32 nations, including London, Chicago, Ottawa, Brasilia, Cairo, Seoul, Bangkok, Canberra, and a major case study of the Greater Barcelona region. Alternative patterns of urbanization spread (including sprawl) are evaluated from the perspective of nature and people, stating land-use principles extracted from landscape ecology, transportation and hydrology. Good, bad and interesting spatial patterns for creating sustainable land mosaics are pinpointed, and urban regions are considered in broader contexts, from climate change to biodiversity loss, disasters and sense of place.
Aimed at prospective and new students, this book gives a comprehensive introduction to the nature and practise of landscape architecture, the professional skills required and the latest ...developments.After discussing the history of the profession, the book explains the design process through principles such as hierarchy, human scale, unity, harmony, asymmetry, color, form, and texture. It looks at how design is represented through both drawing and modeling, and through digital techniques such as CAD and the use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems). This is followed by an examination of project management and landscape management techniques. Finally, the book explores educational and employment opportunities and the future of the profession in the context of climate change and sustainability.Illustrated with international examples of completed projects, Landscape Architecture provides an invaluable, one-stop resource for anyone considering studying or a career in this field.
ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag erläutert zunächst einen breiten Kulturbegriff und die Transformationen des ländlichen Raums durch den globalen Kapitalismus, die den ländlichen Raum härter treffen als die ...Städte. Er skizziert die vermehrt auftretenden politisch gerahmten Kulturkämpfe und zeigt, wie Institutionen, Initiativen und Projekte Kultureller Bildung wie auch die Forschung zu Kultureller Bildung versuchen, nicht nur zu vermitteln, sondern neue Wege zu gehen.
Recipient of 2019 John Brinckerhoff Jackson Book Prize,
Foundation for Landscape Studies 2021 On the Brinck Book Award
Winner
"Burle Marx created a new and modern grammar for international
landscape ...design." -Lauro Cavalcanti, quoted in the New York
Times
"The real creator of the modern garden." -American Institute of
Architects
Presenting the first English translation of Burle Marx's
"depositions," this volume highlights the environmental advocacy of
a preeminent Brazilian landscape architect who advised and
challenged the country's military dictatorship. Roberto
Burle Marx (1909-1994) is internationally known as one of the
preeminent modernist landscape architects. He designed renowned
public landscapes in Brazil, beginning with small plazas in Recife
in the 1930s and culminating with large public parks in the early
1960s, most significantly the Parque do Flamengo in Rio de Janeiro.
Depositions explores a pivotal moment in Burle Marx's
career-the years in which he served as a member of the Federal
Cultural Council created by the military dictatorship in the
mid-1960s. Despite the inherent conflict and risk in working with
the military regime, Burle Marx boldly used his position to
advocate for the protection of the unique Brazilian landscape,
becoming a prophetic voice of caution against the regime's policies
of rapid development and resource exploitation.
Depositions presents the first English translation of
eighteen environmental position pieces that Burle Marx wrote for
the journal Cultura , a publication of the Brazilian
Ministry of Education and Culture, from 1967 through 1973.
Catherine Seavitt Nordenson introduces and contextualizes the
depositions by analyzing their historical and political contexts,
as well as by presenting pertinent examples of Burle Marx's earlier
public projects, which enables a comprehensive reading of the
texts. Addressing deforestation, the establishment of national
parks, the place of commemorative sculpture, and the unique history
of the Brazilian cultural landscape, Depositions offers
new insight into Burle Marx's outstanding landscape oeuvre and
elucidates his transition from prolific designer to prescient
counselor.
Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide ...and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out and targeting agricultural policies, research, and interventions at the landscape level to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, and improve the resilience and adaptability of these ecosystems. We conducted the most comprehensive assessment to date on landscape complexity effects on nondomesticated terrestrial biodiversity through a meta-analysis of 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing landscape complexity through changes in composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively and positively affects biodiversity. More complex landscapes host more biodiversity (richness, abundance, and evenness) with potential benefits to sustainable agricultural production and conservation, and effects are likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed the combined contribution of linear (e.g., hedgerows) and areal (e.g., woodlots) elements resulted in a near-doubling of the effect sizes (i.e., biodiversity level) compared to the dominant number of studies measuring these elements separately. Similarly, positive effects on biodiversity are stronger in articles monitoring biodiversity for at least 2 y compared to the dominant 1-y monitoring efforts. Besides, positive and stronger effects exist when monitoring occurs in nonoverlapping landscapes, highlighting the need for long-term and robustly designed monitoring efforts. Living in harmony with nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing and promoting multifunctional agriculture at the farm and landscape levels with a research agenda that untangles complex agricultural landscapes’ contributions to people and nature under current and future conditions.
Landscape is central to tourism. It is key to the development, marketing/promotion, and consumption of tourism destinations, to triggering and sustaining tourism markets, and to enticing tourist ...dreams, fantasies, and behaviors. From ‘sight-seeing’ practices—at the basis of all tourism activities—landscape figures prominently all the way to the overall spatial planning and management of a destination for tourism development. The intertwined relationship between tourism and landscape comes with a series of costs and benefits, in the context of tourism landscapes. Landscapes of tourism reflect and stage recreational trends, multifunctional livelihood systems, conflicts and opportunities for employment and income generation, as well as human, cultural, and natural resource management and use. This Special Issue aims to enhance the interdisciplinary scientific dialogue on these issues and challenges, while highlighting their range and significance for tourism and the landscape, in terms of theory, empirical practice, approach, policy, ethics, and future prospects. Some of the questions posed for consideration here are: What are landscapes of tourism, for whom and how/why? What is the role of the landscape in tourism promotion, attraction, and experience? How does tourism affect the landscape? What lessons do the history and geography of tourism have to offer to tourism landscape stewardship? How may we best plan for and manage the landscape in the context of various forms of tourism growth and spread, at various scales? Scholarly advances in the past few decades have steadily built on a diverse—but spread-out and not adequately connected—bibliographical basis for future research. Much remains to be understood and exchanged as landscape and tourism—two highly complex and multifaceted scientific areas—come together in the scope of this Special Issue in a variety of ways across time, space, and culture.
It has become conventional to think of urbanism and landscape as opposing one another—or to think of landscape as merely providing temporary relief from urban life as shaped by buildings and ...infrastructure. But, driven in part by environmental concerns, landscape has recently emerged as a model and medium for the city, with some theorists arguing that landscape architects are the urbanists of our age. In Landscape as Urbanism, one of the field's pioneers presents a powerful case for rethinking the city through landscape. Charles Waldheim traces the roots of landscape as a form of urbanism from its origins in the Renaissance through the twentieth century. Growing out of progressive architectural culture and populist environmentalism, the concept was further informed by the nineteenth-century invention of landscape architecture as a "new art" charged with reconciling the design of the industrial city with its ecological and social conditions. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, as urban planning shifted from design to social science, and as urban design committed to neotraditional models of town planning, landscape urbanism emerged to fill a void at the heart of the contemporary urban project. Generously illustrated, Landscape as Urbanism examines works from around the world by designers ranging from Ludwig Hilberseimer, Andrea Branzi, and Frank Lloyd Wright to James Corner, Adriaan Geuze, and Michael Van Valkenburgh. The result is the definitive account of an emerging field that is likely to influence the design of cities for decades to come.
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