During the early years of the Civil Wars in England, from February 1642 to July 1643, Puritan parishioners in conjunction with the parliament in London set up approximately 150 divines as weekly ...preachers, or lecturers, in the city and the provinces. This was an exceptional activity surrounding lectureships including the high number of lecturer appointments made over the relatively brief space of time, especially considering the urgent necessity of making preparations for the looming war and fighting it as well. By examining a range of sources, this article seeks to demonstrate that the Puritan MPs and peers, in cooperation with their supporters from across the country, tactically employed the institutional device of weekly preaching, or lectureships, to neutralize the influence of Anglican clergymen perceived as royalists dissatisfied with the parliamentarian cause, and to bolster Puritan and pro-parliamentarian preaching during the critical years of 1642–1643. If successfully employed, the device of weekly lectureships would have significantly widened the base of support for the parliament during this crucial period when people began to take sides, prepared for war, and fought its first battles. Such a program of lectureships, no doubt, contributed to the increasing polarization of the religious and political climate of the country. More broadly, this study seeks to add to our understanding of an early phase of the conflict that eventually embroiled the entire British Isles in a decade of gruesome internecine warfare.
Zusammenfassung
Der Dermatovenerologe Samuel Jessner (1859–1929) erhielt im Jahr 1921 einen Lehrauftrag für „Sexuallehren“ an der Universität Königsberg (heute: russ Калининград, Kaliningrad). Im ...Reichsmedizinalkalender wurde er aber auch als Urologe geführt. Dieser Beitrag zeichnet seinen Lebensweg und sein Wirken nach und fragt, wie Jessner in der Peripherie der deutschen Sexualwissenschaft und ohne enge Anbindung an deren Netzwerke dieser akademische Erfolg gelingen konnte. Sein geringer Einfluss in der Forschung, seine fehlende Anbindung an eine „Schule“ der Sexualwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum und seine jüdische Herkunft waren Faktoren, die sowohl die Wahrnehmung seiner Arbeit unter Zeitgenossen als auch das Vergessen seiner Tätigkeiten in der Geschichtsschreibung präformierten.
Key content
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UK initiatives to promote academic training in obstetrics and gynaecology are under way.
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New posts at all levels of academic training are available nationally.
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Guidance towards a ...career in academic obstetrics and gynaecology is available from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
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Academic mentors are available to support academic trainees in the specialty.
Learning objectives
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To understand the initiatives that are supporting progress in academic obstetrics and gynaecology at all career levels in the UK.
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To find out more information about academic training in general.
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To learn about academic training opportunities in obstetrics and gynaecology.
Ethical issues
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How can academic trainees be good clinicians and researchers?
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Why is research valued more than teaching and what can be done about this?
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How can future academic leaders in obstetrics and gynaecology be identified and nurtured?
Please cite this article as: David AL, Whitten M, Rodeck CH. Academic training in obstetrics and gynaecology in the UK: current progress and opportunities. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:111–118.
This paper shares the research results of an explorative study investigating university lectureship experience in a Malta university context. The study aimed to obtain a holistic description of the ...university academic experience. The qualitative research findings, based on a thematic analysis of 10 individual interview transcripts, describe the experience of being a university academic as a journey of time passages in space and time. The journey is characterised by the strong theme of teaching along with the two other primary themes, labelled identity and un/belonging. Identity feeds on, but not only on, teaching and the sense of un/belonging. Profession/Practice and Research/Publication are two other themes that, in this study, emerge as feeding the primary themes. These research findings unsettle the privilege portrayals of tenure-track university lectureships. They confirm the emphasis on teaching in this local context and increased administration obligations. Distinctively, they expose another identity dimension in addition to the teacher and researcher attributions highlighted in the mainstream literature. These findings suggest that academics need to be supported for keeping alive differentiated identity dimensions, which are not in opposition to each other but are in competition for time. While the limitations of the study are acknowledged, several recommendations deriving from the research findings are shared.
Selective leptin resistance revisited Mark, Allyn L
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology,
09/2013, Letnik:
305, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In addition to effects on appetite and metabolism, leptin influences many neuroendocrine and physiological systems, including the sympathetic nervous system. Building on my Carl Ludwig Lecture of the ...American Physiological Society, I review the sympathetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin. The review focuses on a critical analysis of the concept of selective leptin resistance (SLR) and the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension in both experimental animals and humans. We introduced the concept of SLR in 2002 to explain how leptin might increase blood pressure (BP) in obese states, such as diet-induced obesity (DIO), that are accompanied by partial leptin resistance. This concept, analogous to selective insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome, holds that in several genetic and acquired models of obesity, there is preservation of the renal sympathetic and pressor actions of leptin despite attenuation of the appetite and weight-reducing actions. Two potential overlapping mechanisms of SLR are reviewed: 1) differential leptin molecular signaling pathways that mediate selective as opposed to universal leptin action and 2) brain site-specific leptin action and resistance. Although the phenomenon of SLR in DIO has so far focused on preservation of sympathetic and BP actions of leptin, consideration should be given to the possibility that this concept may extend to preservation of other actions of leptin. Finally, I review perplexing data on the effects of leptin on sympathetic activity and BP in humans and its role in human obesity-induced hypertension.
The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, remain incompletely understood. ...Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles crucial for energy generation, the maintenance of cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis, intracellular signaling, and the regulation of cell death programs. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a cardinal role in the initiation and progression of many human diseases, including chronic lung diseases. Upregulation of the autophagy program, a cellular adaptive mechanism for protein and organelle turnover, can occur in response to injury and may have a cell type-specific impact on the progression of disease. The selective autophagy subtype specific for mitochondria (mitophagy), regulated by PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1), is a cellular response to accumulation of depolarized or injured mitochondria. Autophagy and mitophagy may be associated with either cellular protection or propagation of injury in a cell type-specific manner, and they may also be associated with modulation of cell death pathways. Genetic studies in mouse models have revealed opposing roles for PINK1 and/or mitophagy in the propagation of emphysema and fibrosis, whereas human studies have shown altered regulation of PINK1 in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. We have also recently identified a role for mitophagy in regulating the cellular necroptosis program, with implications in COPD pathogenesis. Damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured mitochondria and/or necrotic cells may promote proinflammatory and profibrotic responses. In this review, we explore current experimental evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction as a key determinant in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases.
The purpose of the study is to investigate how visiting lectureship is capable to reshape and improve the university curriculum for four different majors such as educational policy, instruction, ...healthcare, and technology. The research is significant because it addresses some current challenges forming a crisis of higher education such as an instructional challenge, a fiscal challenge, a birth rate-related challenge, and a graduate employment challenge. This study combines exploratory and quasi-experimental research methods, and Baseline Study Survey Questionnaires (BSSQ), Questionnaire to Measure Research Skills (QMRS), The students’ research activeness checklist, Professional Self-development Critical Reflection Scale (PSCRS), along with Self-directed Learning Skills Scale (SLSS) are the research instruments used in this study. The sample used are 184 (169 students and 15 lecturers), and key data are drawn from the assessment of students’ research skills and activeness, professional self-development, self-directed learning and self-education skills, and professional socialisation by students themselves and their teachers before and after the intervention. The stakeholders’ perceptions of visiting lectureship such as students, lecturers, and representatives of the host organisations are studied using the focus group interviews. It is found that visiting lectureship reshapes and improves the university curriculum of four different majors namely: educational policy, instruction, healthcare, and technology. Add to this, visiting lectureship positively influences students’ research activeness, professional self-development, self-directed learning & self-education skills, and professional socialisation, and it is positively perceived by students, lecturers, and representatives of the host organisations. Visiting lectureship also increases lecturers’ motivation to provide a higher quality of instruction. Besides, it benefits the potential employers as these are involved in the educational process at the early stage of the programme in its design and updating, which will result in a more competent and competitive staff for them to hire.
The study found that “for important decisions (eg, quitting a job or ending a relationship), individuals who were told by the coin toss to make a change are more likely to make a change, more ...satisfied with their decisions, and happier six months later than those whose coin toss instructed maintaining the status quo.7 Some things to keep in mind when faced with a change. Many of you came to this meeting to gather new information about hand therapy with the intent of possibly changing your practice patterns and interventions you provide to your patients. 10 Susan Michlovitz believes “it is incumbent on us as hand care professionals to regularly read current research in scientific peer-reviewed journals and use the knowledge gained to optimize patient care.” A study recently published in the Journal of Hand Surgery indicated that a digital home program was as effective as traditional hand therapy following distal radius fracture.13 Some limitations of this study that we and others must consider include the small sample size.
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