The serum osmolarity mainly results from the inorganic ions and the small molecules and only in small extent from the protein ions. In serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and glucose ...are the only components present in high enough concentrations to individually affect the osmolality. There are several different formulas for the calculation of human serum osmolarity. It has not been demonstrated which of the formulas is most effective for serum from various animal species. The goal of this study is to estimate the serum osmolarity in pigs from the concentrations of the main electrolytes and the glucose and urea content, and to establish the contribution of each osmotic component. Linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the best predictors of serum osmolarity in chickens. Two equations were also deduced for calculating serum osmolarity using manual regression analysis: y = 1.8117 Na + Urea + Glucose + 26.05 and y = 1.8933 (Na+K) + Urea + Glucose + 4.93.
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•Notable levels of OPA and NOPE were found in e-waste dismantling workers’ hands for the first time.•The levels of NOPE were higher than those of traditional OPE on workers’ ...hands.•The dust levels of TPHP and AO168 = O might be acceptable predictors of hand wipe levels.•Occupational exposure to NOPE via hand-to-mouth contact was more significant than dust ingestion.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a well-known source of plastic additives in the environment. However, the e-waste-related occupational exposure to organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) and the relevant oxidation products—novel organophosphate esters (NOPEs)—via different pathways is still unknown. In this study, six OPAs and three NOPEs were measured in 116 dust and 43 hand-wipe samples from an e-waste dismantling area in Central China. The median concentrations of ΣOPAs and ΣNOPEs were 188 and 13,900 ng·g−1 in workshop dust and 5,250 ng·m−2 and 53,600 ng·m−2 on workers’ hands, respectively. The increasing concentrations of dust in the form of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) (p < 0.01) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168 = O) (p < 0.05) were strongly associated with the corresponding concentration on workers’ hands. Furthermore, men had significantly lower levels of NOPEs on their hands than did women (p < 0.01). Moreover, the hand wipe levels of AO168 = O (41,600 ng·m−2) was significantly higher than that of the typical OPE (TPHP, 7370 ng·m−2), and the hand-to-mouth contact (ΣOPAs, 9.48 ng·kg bw-1·day−1; ΣNOPEs, 109 ng·kg bw-1·day−1) was a more significant and integrated pathway than dust ingestion (ΣOPAs, 0.10 ng·kg bw-1·day−1; ΣNOPEs, 5.01 ng·kg bw-1·day−1) of e-waste related occupational exposure to these “new” chemicals.
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The lightning activity over South Asian monsoon region shows significant increasing trends. The surface latent heat flux over the western coastal areas of the Indian subcontinent is ...the largest contributor which explains 52% of the lightning variance and leads to a lightning enhancement of 0.025 fl km−2 a−1.
Lightning is an important natural source of wildfires and oxynitride, and hence significantly influences ecological systems and atmospheric chemistry. Here, we choose South Asia, an important region for global water reallocation and global climate changes, to examine lightning variations based on the longest existing lightning dataset from the OTD/LIS observations. We identify a clear increase in lightning density in the research region, increasing at a rate of 0.096 fl km−2 a−1 over the last two decades. Multiple linear regression analysis is adopted to identify the main influencing factors among ten potential thermodynamic or microphysical factors and the crucial areas contributing to the increases in lightning. The surface latent heat flux along the west coast of the Indian subcontinent is the largest contributor, explaining 52% of the lightning variance and contributing to a 0.025 fl km−2 a−1 increase. The sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea, the convective available potential energy (CAPE) over the northwestern Indian subcontinent, and the wind shear along the northwestern coast also make important contributions to the lightning increase, indicating that the thermodynamic effects overwhelm the microphysical effects on lightning activity over the South Asia region.
Amal Baru Beach is one of the tourist beaches on Tarakan Island; where for the last ten years, this beach has experienced a change in the function of its coastal area, which has become a seaweed ...cultivation area. These cause changes to the coastline and the area of the indicative area on the beach, besides being influenced by the characteristics of the waves that occur. Based on this, in this study, a study was conducted to determine the level of change in the coastline by applying the spatial analysis method of satellite imagery. The shoreline change rate is determined based on the LRR (Linear Regression Rate) method, which is applied to 25 sections within three years of changing satellite image samples. Based on the study conducted, it was found that there was severe damage to the coastline of 66.67% and 33.33% experienced moderate damage, with a rate of change of the coastline for a severe level of 2-5 m/year. In addition, the coastal area has also experienced a reduction in area, namely at a rate of reduction per year of 0,297 ha/year, with 72% damage caused by abrasion events. Based on the level of damage that occurred, it is necessary to protect the beach by constructing coastal protection structures. The recommendations for the types of coastal buildings given are Groynes and Detached Breakwater, which will be studied in further research.
Recently, Retail 4.0 is progressively demanding the accurate prediction of consumer's purchase intention. In this regard, an attribute level decision support prediction model has been developed for ...providing an influential e-commerce platform to the customers. In order to build the prediction model, brands' social perception score and reviews' polarity are computed from social network mining and sentiment analysis, respectively. Afterward, an appropriate regression analysis and suitable instances have been identified for each attribute to predict the appropriate product attributes. One of the key findings, the camera attributes: sensor, display, and image stabilization pursue the customer attention at the end of the search. The outcomes of this analysis can be beneficial to e-commerce retailers and prepare an efficient search platform for the customers to obtain the desired durable goods in an adorable form. Finally, the sensitivity analysis has also been performed to test the robustness of the proposed model.
The program WinMLR has been developed for the quantification of mixtures of several components by making a multilinear regression treatment of experimental data to a linear combination of standard ...signals. Data may be obtained with any multichannel detector having more measuring channels than components to be resolved. For a correct resolution, a linear relationship between the signal of every channel and the component concentration is required. The data must be located into ASCII files, one file for each standard or sample measurement, which contain the X and Y values in separated columns.
The program allows three types of calibration methods: single standard, multiple standards and multiple standards addition. In the first case, the program requires to measure one standard per component. In the second case, the user can employ standards of both pure compounds and known mixtures under the sole constraint that the set of standards must include all components in different proportions. Similarly, the multiple standard addition method (more known as general standard addition method) requires the data obtained by adding known amounts of one or several mixture components to the sample so that all of them are included in the assays. In the multiple standards and multiple standards addition procedures, once the calibration has been done, the program allows the mixture to be resolved by weighted or unweighted regression.
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•Software program for the simultaneous quantification of several components in mixtures.•May be applied to spectrophotometry, fluorimetry or differential pulse polarography.•Allows single standard, multiple standards and multiple standards addition calibration methods.
The relationship between the HPLC fingerprints of Huangshui polysaccharides (HSPs) and their antioxidant activities in vitro was explored by chemometrics method for the first time. The DPPH radical ...and ABTS radical cation scavenging abilities and reducing power of HSPs were all diverse, those were eluted by 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution and 0.05 mol/L NaCl solution possessed stronger antioxidant activities than those eluted by water. The excellent MLRA models for the relationship between monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of HSPs with the determination coefficient ranging from 0.607 to 0.697 were constructed, indicating that monosaccharide composition was closely related to the antioxidant activities of HSPs. Additionally, the purity, protein contents, and molecular weights (Mws) of HSPs also significantly affected their antioxidant activities. These results will provide a new insight in the complex study on the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides, and be conducive to high-value-use of Huangshui (HS).
•30 polysaccharides were isolated from different source of Huangshui (HS), a by-product of Baijiu.•HSPs can be classified well based on their HPLC fingerprints using HCA and PCA.•Excellent quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship models were constructed by MLRA.•GlcA is the main factor affecting the antioxidant activity of HSPs.•Mws and polysaccharide-protein complexes also effect the antioxidant activities of HSPs.
The management of ‘sustainable’ issues in supply chain is attracting much attention from the academia and corporate world. Sustainability has turn out to be a major concern for organizations to ...integrate ecological and societal issues in their business strategy. Therefore, this paper explores the importance of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) to implement Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) towards sustainability taking into account the automobile industry of India. The hypothesized relationships of the proposed framework have been tested by analyzing data collected from 123 Indian automobile organizations. This study examined impacts of CSFs to implement GSCM towards sustainability on current green practices implemented by Indian automobile industry and expected organizational performance outcomes by using multiple regression analysis. The findings point out that the ‘Regulatory’ CSF has been identified which plays the most important role in promoting the green practices. ‘Internal Management’ and ‘Competitiveness’ CSFs playing a crucial role towards achievement of expected performance outcomes. The present research will assist the practitioners/managers to understand various GSCM implementation issues and to improve their practices and performances towards sustainable development.
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•Focused on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) to implement GSCM towards sustainability.•Made empirical investigation of GSCM implementation issues of Indian automobile industry.•Formulated and tested ten hypotheses towards effective implementation of GSCM.•Regulatory CSF reported as the most important in promoting the green practices.•Internal Management and Competitiveness CSFs found crucial to achieve performances.
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