A two-dimensional displacement and alignment sensor is proposed based on two open-ended transmission lines, each loaded with a split ring resonator (SRR). In this arrangement, the depth of ...resonance-induced notches in the reflection coefficients can be used to sense a displacement of the loading SRRs in two orthogonal directions. Since the operation principle of the sensor is based on the symmetry properties of SRR-loaded transmission lines, the proposed sensor benefits from immunity to variations in ambient conditions. More importantly, it is shown that in contrast to previously published metamaterial-inspired two-dimensional displacement and alignment sensors, the proposed sensor can be operated at a single fixed frequency. The concept and simulation results are validated through measurement.
Symmetric Lorentzian and asymmetric Fano line shapes are fundamental spectroscopic signatures that quantify the structural and dynamical properties of nuclei, atoms, molecules, and solids. This study ...introduces a universal temporal-phase formalism, mapping the Fano asymmetry parameter q to a phase φ of the time-dependent dipole response function. The formalism is confirmed experimentally by laser-transforming Fano absorption lines of autoionizing helium into Lorentzian lines after attosecond-pulsed excitation. We also demonstrate the inverse, the transformation of a naturally Lorentzian line into a Fano profile. A further application of this formalism uses quantum-phase control to amplify extreme-ultraviolet light resonantly interacting with He atoms. The quantum phase of excited states and its response to interactions can thus be extracted from line-shape analysis, with applications in many branches of spectroscopy.
This study presents an algorithm for detection, classification, and location of transmission line faults. A fault index based on features extracted from current signals using the alienation ...coefficient and Wigner distribution function has been proposed for the detection and classification of faults. Double line and double line to ground faults have been classified from each other using ground fault index based on negative sequence current. Statistical relations are proposed for the estimation of fault location using peak values of the proposed fault index. The results of different case studies established the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm is found to be effective for providing protection to transmission line against various faults. This is achieved using current signals recorded on one terminal of the line. This makes the protection scheme less complex, fast and more economic due to the elimination of the requirement of communication channel and global positioning system synchronisation. The proposed protection scheme is also validated on a real-time network of transmission utility. The effectiveness of the algorithm is established by comparing performance with reported algorithms.
In this study, fourteen ingenane-type and nine jatrophane-type diterpenoids were isolated from Euphorbia kansui, including seven undescribed compounds. Kansuingenol A-C have the 6,7-vicinal diol ...moiety, and Kansuijatrophanol A and B possess the 11,12-vicinal diol moiety, both of which are rarely reported. 3,4-(Methylenedioxy) cinnamyl moiety was found for the first time in jatrophane-type diterpenoids, as shown in Kansuijatrophanol C and D. The absolute configurations of seven undescribed compounds have been analyzed and assigned by the modified Mosher's method, Mo2(OAc)4-induced circular dichroism (ICD) method, and CD exciton chirality method. All compounds were screened for their antiproliferative effects against HepG2, MCF-7 and DU145 cell lines. Regarding the HepG2 cells, Kansuijatrophanol C exhibited the most promising inhibition with the IC50 value of 9.47 ± 0.31 μM. Regarding the MCF-7 and DU145 cells, Kansuijatrophanol D exhibited the most promising inhibition with the IC50 values of 6.29 ± 0.18 and 4.19 ± 0.32 μM, respectively.
Display omitted
•Senen undescribed diterpenoids and sixteen known compounds were reported.•3,4-(Methylenedioxy) cinnamyl moiety was found for the first time in jatrophane-type diterpenoids, as shown in 6 and 7.•Absolute configurations have been assigned by three methods based on structural characteristics.•Compounds with vicinal diol and 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamyl moiety have good antiproliferative effects.
Multicellular organisms are composed of many cell types that acquire their specific fate through a precisely controlled pattern of gene expression in time and space dictated in part by cell ...type‐specific promoter activity. Understanding the contribution of highly specialized cell types in the development of a whole organism requires the ability to isolate or analyze different cell types separately. We have characterized and validated a large collection of root cell type‐specific promoters and have generated cell type‐specific marker lines. These benchmarked promoters can be readily used to evaluate cell type‐specific complementation of mutant phenotypes, or to knockdown gene expression using targeted expression of artificial miRNA. We also generated vectors and characterized transgenic lines for cell type‐specific induction of gene expression and cell type‐specific isolation of nuclei for RNA and chromatin profiling. Vectors and seeds from transgenic Arabidopsis plants will be freely available, and will promote rapid progress in cell type‐specific functional genomics. We demonstrate the power of this promoter set for analysis of complex biological processes by investigating the contribution of root cell types in the IRT1‐dependent root iron uptake. Our findings revealed the complex spatial expression pattern of IRT1 in both root epidermis and phloem companion cells and the requirement for IRT1 to be expressed in both cell types for proper iron homeostasis.
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have become one of the most popular molecular markers and are used in numerous fields, including conservation genetics, population genetic studies, and genetic mapping. ...Advances in next-generation sequencing technology and the growing amount of genomic data are driving the development of bioinformatics tools for SSR marker design. These tools work with different combinations of input data, which can be raw reads or assemblies, and with one or more input datasets. We present here a new strategy and implementation of a simple standalone pipeline that utilizes more than one assembly for the in silico design of PCR primers for microsatellite loci in more than one species. Primers are tested in silico to determine if they are polymorphic, eliminating the need to test time-consuming cross-species amplification in the laboratory. The end result is a set of markers that are in silico polymorphic in all analyzed species and have great potential for the identification of interspecies hybrids. The efficiency of the tool is demonstrated using two examples at different taxonomic levels and with different numbers of input assemblies to generate promising, high-quality SSR markers.
In this Letter, novel asymmetric coupled lines are proposed to suppress common-mode (CM) noise in bent differential lines. Based on the concept of the relative permittivity of a single microstrip ...line, the width of the outer line is made smaller than that of the inner line in bent differential lines to reduce the time skew and the other design parameters are adjusted to account for the differential impedance. To verify the improvement afforded by the proposed method, the simulated and measured results of the proposed structure were compared with two different designs; the conventional bent differential lines and the compensated differential lines using a serpentine inner line. The results of the proposed method show better signal integrity than the other methods.
Overhead transmission lines have played an important role in power transmission and distribution, and real-time monitoring of the line status is essential to maintain the stability and reliability of ...the power system. As the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has gradually become the novel and effective tool for inspection of transmission lines, the acquisition of dynamic line parameters is also important to keep the UAV's track and safety. In this paper, a novel parameter reconstruction method for overhead transmission lines was proposed. A framework of approximated transmission line inverse problem was constructed, which transformed the problem into a nonlinear optimization problem. Based on the proposed comprehensive algorithm that combined metaheuristic algorithm and interior point method, the position and current parameters of the lines were reconstructed from the magnetic field data. Theoretical simulation indicated that the algorithm avoided the results being stuck in the local optima effectively. In terms of the experimental implementation, a dual-axial tunneling magnetoresistive magnetic field measurement device was prepared. The measurement and calculation results proved the robustness and accuracy of the comprehensive reconstruction algorithm together with the magnetic field measurement device, leading to a more promising approach for real-time transmission line monitoring and UAV trajectory controlling.
Abstract We present the first high spectral resolution mid-infrared survey in the Orion BN/KL region, covering 7.2–28.3 μ m. With SOFIA/EXES, we target the enigmatic source Orion IRc2. While this is ...in the most prolifically studied massive star-forming region, longer wavelengths and molecular emission lines dominated previous spectral surveys. The mid-infrared observations in this work access different components and molecular species in unprecedented detail. We unambiguously identify two new kinematic components, both chemically rich with multiple molecular absorption lines. The “blue clump” has v LSR = −7.1 ± 0.7 km s −1 , and the “red clump” has 1.4 ± 0.5 km s −1 . While the blue and red clumps have similar temperatures and line widths, molecular species in the blue clump have higher column densities. They are both likely linked to pure rotational H 2 emission also covered by this survey. This work provides evidence for the scenario that the blue and red clumps are distinct components unrelated to the classic components in the Orion BN/KL region. Comparison to spectroscopic surveys toward other infrared targets in the region show that the blue clump is clearly extended. We analyze, compare, and present in-depth findings on the physical conditions of C 2 H 2 , 13 CCH 2 , CH 4 , CS, H 2 O, HCN, H 13 CN , HNC, NH 3 , and SO 2 absorption lines and an H 2 emission line associated with the blue and red clumps. We also provide limited analysis of H 2 O and SiO molecular emission lines toward Orion IRc2 and the atomic forbidden transitions Fe ii , S i , S iii , and Ne ii .
PDF
