A look at the lives of lipids Baskin, Jeremy M.; Seeliger, Jessica C.
Current opinion in chemical biology,
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Letnik:
65
Journal Article
Editor's Choice: June 2022 Beukeboom, Leo W.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata,
June 2022, 2022-06-00, 20220601, Letnik:
170, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Lack of lipid accumulation in two species of chalcidoid wasps with secondarily evolved phytophagy – M. Lammers, K. Kraaijeveld & J. Ellers (https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13164).
The lipid composition of cellular organelles is tailored to suit their specialized tasks. A fundamental transition in the lipid landscape divides the secretory pathway in early and late membrane ...territories, allowing an adaptation from biogenic to barrier functions. Defending the contrasting features of these territories against erosion by vesicular traffic poses a major logistical problem. To this end, cells evolved a network of lipid composition sensors and pipelines along which lipids are moved by non-vesicular mechanisms. We review recent insights into the molecular basis of this regulatory network and consider examples in which malfunction of its components leads to system failure and disease.
Background:
Biomarkers of macronutrient intake are lacking. Controlled human feeding studies that preserve the normal variation in nutrient and food consumption are necessary for the development and ...validation of robust nutritional biomarkers.
Objective:
We aimed to assess the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as biomarkers of dietary intakes of fatty acids, total fat, and carbohydrate.
Design:
We used an individualized controlled feeding study in which 153 postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) were provided with a 2-wk controlled diet that mimicked each individual’s habitual food intake. A total of 41 PLFAs were measured with the use of gas chromatography in end-of-feeding-period fasting serum samples and expressed in both relative and absolute concentrations.
R
2
values (percentages of variation explained) from linear regressions of (ln-transformed) consumed fatty acids (individual, groups, and broad categories) on (ln-transformed) corresponding measures of serum PLFAs alone and together with selected participant-related variables (age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, season of study participation, education level, and estimated energy intake from doubly labeled water) were used for evaluation against established urinary recovery biomarkers of energy and protein intake as benchmarks. Models to predict intakes of other nutrients were also explored.
Results:
Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the benchmark of
R
2
> 36% with or without covariates. When all 41 serum PLFAs and participant-related covariates were initially included in the model for selection, cross-validated
R
2
achieved >36% for consumed total carbohydrate (grams per day), total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), percentage of energy from SFAs, and total
trans
fatty acids with serum PLFAs in both relative and absolute concentrations.
Conclusions:
Serum PLFA biomarkers perform similarly to established energy and protein urinary recovery biomarkers in describing intake variations for several nutrients and, thus, appear suitable for application in this population of postmenopausal women. This approach represents an important methodologic contribution toward the utilization of nutritional biomarkers to assess macronutrient intake. This trial was registered at
clinicaltrials.gov
as NCT00000611.
In the Republic of Croatia, hazel (Corylus avellana L) is the fruit species with the largest recorded increase in cultivation. Due to its high content of lipids and moisture (at the time of harvest) ...hazelnuts are susceptible to quality deterioration (rancidity development, mycotoxins contamination etc.) and therefore proper harvest and post-harvest handling is necessary to preserve their quality. Hazelnuts are most often collected from the ground by the appropriate mechanization. After harvesting, proper drying of is a crucial measure. Hazelnuts in the shell should be dried to about 7-10% moisture, and the kernel moisture content should be from about 4 - 6%. The maximum drying temperature should never exceed 50 degreesC. Regarding the storage conditions, the relative humidity is the most important factor and should never exceed 70%, while it is optimal to range from about 55 - 65%. Low temperatures (<10 degreesC) are effective means of prolonging hazelnut storage life because numerous negative processes (rancidity development, microbiological activity, etc.) are notably slowed down. The use of a modified atmosphere (low oxygen concentrations) has also shown to be an effective measure in prolonging storage life.
Elevated cholesterol/lipid levels, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are known to contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The attainment ...of lipid targets is known to be suboptimal both globally and locally. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a lipid management pathway (LMP) in supporting attainment of lipid targets following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a local cohort of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients.
Quantitative data were retrospectively collected from 54 CR patient records. Local lipid target attainment was benchmarked against national guidelines and pre-pathway implementation audit results.
The number of admission lipid profiles increased by 24.8% to 79.6% following implementation of the LMP. There was a 31% improvement in the number of patients achieving either a 50% reduction in LDL-C or an LDL-C level of <1.4 mmol/L. In conclusion, the LMP had a significant positive impact upon the attainment of lipid goals.
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