This article discusses the date of the Scripture of Filial Piety Revealed by Wenchang (Wenchang xiaojing 文 昌孝經). The central claim of this contribution is that the Scripture appeared during the ...Ming-Qing transition, being a product of the ritualisation of the Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing 孝經). By examining more than twenty different editions, this article identifies at least three different lines of textual transmission, each connected to distinctive commentaries and reprints. Confucian literati were the main social actors responsible for the creation, reproduction, redaction, and annotation of the extant editions.
Dès le début de la dynastie des Song du Nord (960-1129) apparaissent des poèmes sobrement intitulés « composé en rêve » ( meng zhong zuo 夢中作). Le plus souvent, ils se présentent non comme la ...réécriture d’un rêve mais comme une création poétique dont rarement plus d’un seul vers est directement issu d’une parole surgie lors d’un rêve effectif. La présente enquête entend se consacrer à l’émergence de ce motif poétique depuis la dynastie des Song jusqu’à la pratique plus constante par Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037-1101), dont plus d’une vingtaine de pièces portent ce titre. Sont ainsi étudiés quelques poèmes significatifs, du premier répertorié de Diao Kan 刁衎 (954-1013) à ceux d’Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072) ou de Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣 (1002-1060), avant d’analyser la reprise de ce motif par Su Shi. Il s’agit de s’interroger essentiellement sur la mise en espace poétique du rêve : la fabrique de ce qu’on pourrait appeler l’« écrin poétique » de la parole onirique, la mise en scène des effets d’étrangeté et du statut du rêveur, aussi bien que des thèmes privilégiés dans les poèmes portant ce titre.
Historians have tended to frame the history of Qufu and Queli as a sequence of state initiatives, or of contests among branches of the Kong clan and with the state. In travel accounts by late Ming ...literati, however, these efforts at self-promotion frequently met with indifference, skepticism, or derision. Visitors to Qufu showed more interest in the chance to encounter artifacts associated with Confucius and other figures from the classical era and the resulting sense of a personal connection with sagehood, often perceiving in the site a numinous power credited to geomantic or cosmological principles, the metaphysical effects of sagehood, and the actions of spirits. These various forces could all be accounted for within mainstream Neo-Confucian cosmology, but Ming travelers differed as to which prevailed at Qufu. The observations in this study suggest that the cultural history of Qufu during the Ming be broadened from its current focus on court-sponsored regulation and ritual to include narratives of spiritual and intellectual discovery by literati visiting individually and in voluntarily organized groups. More than state intervention and the maneuvering of local clans, these travelers may have played a leading role in defining the cultural importance of this Confucian sacred site in the literati society of the late Ming and after.
The early modern history of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910) in East Asia is often depicted as an era of political conflict between the king, the Hun'gu faction, and the Sarim faction. The four major ...Sahwa (literati purges) reflect its seriousness through which Neo-Confucian scholars were sacrificed by the punishments of execution, exile, or dismissal. The Kimyo Sahwa was the most notorious incident for the Chinese ideology of the Sarim political party. What, then, happened in 1519? What kind of social transformation occurred in relation to the Sungkyunkwan scholars (the national university of the era)? Why did the public office of Daoist Sogyokso become one of the most controversial issues at the Joseon court? How was the royal shrine of Samch'ongjon criticised by the leaders of the Sarim faction? This paper explores the politico-religious landscape of early modern Korea through the key features of Jungjong coup (Royal Coup of 1506), Jo Gwangjo (1482-1520) and 'the Literati Purge of 1519', and argues the critical insight that the Daoist rituals and sacred sites (altars for the sky, stars, and gods) were traditionally maintained in the Popcho philosophy of the royal sovereignty even if the culture of Jongmyo (ancestral altars) and Sajik (altars of soil and grain) were legally implemented at the beginning of the Confucian Joseon. Keywords: Joseon History, Sarim faction, Literati Purge of 1519, Sogyokso, Korean Taoism
Screen-style frescoes, found in the temples of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, China, and originating mostly from the Qing Dynasty, present a unique painting form. Folk artists not only painted the ...screen, a common object in everyday life in ancient China, on the wall surfaces, but also created a variety of paintings inside the screen panels, whereby the viewer sees a painting within a painting. This article, based on multiple field trips, aims to analyze screen-style frescoes in terms of their locations, styles, and unique artistic characteristics such as subject matter, color usage, and brushwork. By studying the influence of literati paintings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author also reveals the aesthetic transition from religious scenes to secular life as presented in the temple frescoes in ancient Gaoping County.
This paper aims to critically appraise the incorporation of opium poppy into medical practice in Song-dynasty China. By analysing materia medica and formularies, along with non-medical sources from ...the Song period, this study sheds light on the role of Chinese Buddhist monasteries in the process of incorporation of foreign plants into Chinese medicine. It argues that Buddhist monasteries played a significant role in the evolution of the use of opium poppy in Song dynasty medicine. This is because the consumption practices in Buddhist monasteries inspired substantial changes in the medical application of the flower during the Southern Song dynasty. While, at the beginning of Song dynasty, court scholars incorporated opium poppy into official materia medica in order to treat disorders such as huangdan and xiaoke
, as well as cinnabar poisoning, this study of the later Song medical treatises shows how opium poppy was repurposed to treat symptoms such as diarrhoea, coughing and spasms. Such a shift in the medical use of the poppy occurred after Chinese literati and doctors became acquainted with the role of the flower in the diet and medical practices of Buddhist monks across China. Therefore, the case study of the medical application of opium poppy during the Song dynasty provides us with insights into how the spread of certain practices in Buddhist monasteries might have contributed to the change in both professional medical practices and daily-life healthcare in local communities in that period.
Confucian academies (sŏwŏn 書院) became in post-liberation North Korea subject of a complex political and intellectual debate motivated by the needs of the new regime to reevaluate the Korean past ...according to the ideological framework of Marxism-Leninism. Confucian academies were designated as institutions belonging to the past feudal order and as such their traditional functioning was severed and liquidated. On the other hand, they were to a certain degree recognized as cultural relics belonging to the people of the DPRK, and North Korean scholars have devoted considerable effort to describing the role of Confucian academies within traditional Korean society. The present study analyzes North Korean discursive strategies concerning Confucian academies during the 1950s and 1960s. It focuses on both popular and academic depictions of these educational, religious, and political institutions.
In the early Ming (1368-1644), the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋, 1328-1398, r. 1368-1398) established more than twenty princedoms across the empire. Scholarship to date has generally ...emphasized the continuance of the Yuan (1271-1368) institutions into the early Ming. Apart from the endurance of Yuan legacy, this article addresses how Zhu Yuanzhang ideologically framed and justified the establishment of princedoms. By showing the possible influences of Southern Song (1127-1279) statecraft traditions on early Ming legislation, this article argues that Zhu Yuanzhang sought to construct the enduring system of government by drawing on the classic model of "divide and rule," as suggested in the Confucian Classics. In their turn, the literati who advised Zhu Yuanzhang in the making of the Ming empire sought to secure their own realms of autonomy and influence in local society by upholding the fengjian doctrine and presenting themselves as the later counterparts of the ancient feudal vassals who "shared" in the governance of their country and "ruled" on behalf of their emperors.
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