•Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for lupine allergen detection.•Determination of detection capability for three different lupine species.•Investigation of lupine cross-reactivity to ...related legumes.
Lupine belongs to the genus Lupinus and includes three species commonly consumed by humans. The Lupinus genus is closely related to other legumes, such as peanuts, soya, chickpeas, peas, lentils and beans. However, the consumption of lupine (and related legumes) can cause severe allergenic reactions. Therefore, reliable analytical detection methods are required for the analysis of food samples. In this study three commercially available ELISA test kits were analyzed for the detection capability of three common lupine species, as well as cross-reactivity to related legumes. All three ELISA test kits could detect the lupine species, though with different sensitivities. Cross-reactivity varied for the ELISA test kits and all showed some cross-reactivity to related legume samples analyzed.
L. (lupine) is a legume whose grain/seed has gained increasing interest. Its recognized nutritional properties, namely a high content of protein, dietary fiber and its low fat content, make lupine a ...suitable alternative not only for animal protein, but also as a substitute for more processed and less balanced flours from a nutritional point of view, used in the preparation of bread, cakes and cookies, among others. In addition, its nutritional and bioactive compounds have potential benefits for human health in the prevention and treatment of some diseases. However, the existence of some anti-nutritional compounds and contaminants reveal some concern, requiring effective methods for their detection and eventual removal. This review intends to address the potential of lupine (
) in food and human health and to balance the pros and cons. Nutritional and anti-nutritional components of
seeds and possible contaminants of lupine seeds are examined. The potential health benefits of lupine (seeds), including energy metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, glucose and insulin metabolism, bower function and anticonvulsant action, are discussed based on scientific evidence (both clinical trials and studies performed with animal models).
Lupine is a legume and important hidden food allergen. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the presence of lupine in some foodstuffs including 90 packaged food samples (breakfast ...cereals, oatmeals, biscuits, and chocolate) belonging to different firms in Turkey. Extraction and determination of lupine in all samples were made by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The presence of lupine was detected in 11 (12.22%) of 90 food samples. Lupine was not detected in the samples of breakfast cereal and oatmeal. The mean levels (±S.E) of positive lupine of biscuits and chocolate samples were found to be 1.53±0.18 mg kg-1 and 2.04±0.16 mg kg-1, respectively. It was declared on the labels of some of the analyzed products that they may contain traces of lupine. Lupine was detected in only one of these samples. There was no information about the presence of lupine on the labels of other lupine detected samples. As a result, the importance of the detection of allergen substances in terms of food safety, food quality, and public health and the importance of food labeling are emphasized in this study. Analytical methods for monitoring allergens in risky foods are important.
The invasive herb Lupinus polyphyllus has been focus of a number of fact sheets worldwide but a comprehensive summary of the species’ taxonomy and morphology, distribution, habitat requirements, and ...biology has been lacking. This paper gives a thorough account of the species’ systematic position and taxonomy, highlighting the difficulties to delimit taxa, which is related to interbreeding among members of this genus. However, L. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus is apparently the taxon that has naturalized and is regionally invasive in temperate-humid climates worldwide. We also present an updated distribution map of L. polyphyllus in the native and invaded ranges, which highlights seven regions in the world where the species has been established. We show that the climatic niche of L. polyphyllus in the invaded range shifts towards higher summer precipitation and lower isothermality, probably because the invaded range includes subcontinental regions of eastern Europe and western Siberia. The habitats of L. polyphyllus range from rather dry to wet, have moderately acidic to strongly acidic soils, and the species’ indicator values across Europe suggest that it occurs along a gradient from very nutrient poor sites to intermediate to rich sites from northern to southern Europe. The species shows high resistance to both drought and frost. In Central Europe, the species has a stronghold in alpic mountain hay meadows, abandoned meadows and pastures, low and medium altitude hay meadows, anthropogenic herb stands and temperate thickets and scrubs. In northern Europe, the species occurs in anthropogenic herb stands along roads and railroads as well as in abandoned pastures and fields. We also found some doubtful information about L. polyphyllus in the literature. This refers to its description as “rhizomatous perennial” although it lacks rhizomes; an apparently very high longevity of its seeds, which may only be true under artificial conditions in an ex situ seed repository; and a very deep rooting depth, which may not represent the average rooting depth but rather an extreme value. Knowledge about the interrelationships between the species’ future population dynamics and spread and ongoing climate warming is lacking. Finally, our review points out that there is currently no evidence-based strategy for a cost-efficient management of L. polyphyllus although it is among the most problematic non-native plant species in Europe due to its environmental and socio-economic impacts.
•A timely account of the biology of Lupinus polyphyllus.•Comprehensive review of the species taxonomy and distribution.•Distributions maps for North-America, Europa and the world.•Original figure of the species life cycle.•Comprehensive discussion of potential management options.
•Polysaccharides have been extracted from the seeds of Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin).•Yellow lupin polysaccharides displayed a range of biological activities.•Lupin polysaccharides have potential for ...functional/nutraceutical applications.•Structural characterisation carried out by FT-IR and NMR.
Yellow lupin polysaccharides (YLP-1, YLP-2 and YLP-3) were isolated from the whole seeds of Lupinus luteus L. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelating assays. Immunostimulatory activities were measured by their ability to activate macrophages to produce TNF-α and NO. Four strains of probiotic bacteria were used to measure their prebiotic activities. YLP-2 with largest galactose content displayed the best activity amongst the three isolated polysaccharides. NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic methods have revealed that YLPs contain galactans and galactomannans which are linked with β-(1,4) glycosidic bond in the main chain. The side chain Galp unit of galactomannan is connected to the main chain Manp by α-(1,6) linkage. The results presented in this paper strongly suggest that YLPs display significant antioxidant, immunostimulatory and prebiotic activities and hence hold great potential as nutraceutical and functional agents.
Summary
The high proportion of seed coat of legume lupins results in big milling lose during kernel flour production, though the seed coat could be value‐added as human food. The physicochemical and ...nutritional properties and antioxidant capacities of seed coats of six Australian sweet lupin cultivars grown at two locations were evaluated. Results showed that genotype, environment and their interaction were significant for seed coat percentage, proximate composition, dietary fibre content, polyphenols and antioxidant capacities. Strong correlations between seed coat lightness and polyphenol content were found. A comparison using multivariate analysis of the seed coat properties showed clear separation based on growing sites. This study indicates the enormous potential of Australian sweet lupin seed coat as an ‘antioxidant dietary fibre’ food source. The results could also benefit to breed varieties with desirable levels of nutrients and phytochemicals.
Six new Australian sweet lupin cultivars grown at two locations were sampled to examine the genotypic and environmental effects on compositional and physicochemical properties of lupin seed coat. Valorisation strategies of the seed coat were discussed.
Uncontrolled mine waste disposal globally poses severe environmental and health risks due to high concentrations of toxic substances like heavy metals and organic pollutants. This jeopardizes soil ...fertility and ecological balance. In this study, we adopted a novel approach based on the use of low-cost amendments that can be used in small to tailing sites for better plant growth and reducing health risks. On a 37-ha-old abandoned pyrrhotite mine site (Kettara) which was operated for 34 years near Marrakesh a high amount of tailing material low in organic C, high in salt contents, and contaminated by various heavy metals still exists. This material is low in fertility and is only patchily discovered by vegetation which should hinder the material of aeolian erosion. To increase the fertility of the material and improve vegetation growth, the soil material has to be improved by different organo-mineral amendments and their combinations as Marble waste (Mw), Clay (Cy), and Compost (Cp). To determine the impact of these amendments on plant growth the fast-growing Lupinus angustifolius L. a legume plant found close to the mining site, identified with the Regional Herbarium 'MARK' code: MARK-14861. This plant serves as a pivotal component in the comprehensive approach aimed at rehabilitating the soils surrounding the mining site. To identify the most effective organo-mineral amendment, we examined 65 combinations by mixing mine tailing soils with varying proportions (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10%) of the three distinct amendments and its combinations (Com), to identify the optimal rate for effective seeds germination and plant growth. Preliminary results on the germination index of L. angustifolius seeds revealed that four combinations (Com1: Cy2.5-Cp2.5-Mw10; Com2: Cy2.5-Cp5-Mw5; Com3: Cy7.5-Cp2.5-Mw7.5; and Com4: Cy10-Cp10-Mw10) maintained a high index due to improved soil properties. These combinations were used as the soil substrate material for a greenhouse experiment where plant growth, heavy metals accumulation, soil characteristics, and available metal content were determined. Our findings demonstrated that incorporating these four organo-mineral soil amendments into Kettara mine tailings led to a significant enhancement in plant growth. Notably, L. angustifolius plants exhibited a preferential accumulation of heavy metals in the root’s biomass (Cu: 565.60, Zn: 433.52, and Pb: 301.44 mg kg−1) with limited translocation to shoot parts (Cu: 37.44, Zn: 28.40, and Pb: 19.36 mg kg−1), particularly following the application of Com4. Furthermore, the properties of the mine soil were improved, including both neutralization of acidic soil pH (3 to ∼ 7) and reduction of metal elements bioavailability. Specifically, Com1, Com3, and Com4 effectively decreased the mobile fraction of metals in the tested mine tailings to exceptionally low levels achieving a reduction of 99% for copper, lead, and zinc, and 95% for arsenic. Our findings from this study indicated that our amendment holds promising potential for enhancing both plant growth and soil fertility, while simultaneously mitigating the mobility of heavy metals in heavy metal-contaminated acidic mine soils.
•The synergistic use of marble waste with compost's buffering properties and the binding capabilities of organo-mineral materials (compost and clay), led to a significant reduction in the mobile fraction of heavy metals for Cu, Pb and Zn by 99% and 95% for arsenic declining health risk of former mining soils.•The germination index of L. angustifolius seeds revealed that four combinations (Com1: Cy2.5-Cp2.5-Mw10; Com2: Cy2.5-Cp5-Mw5; Com3: Cy7.5-Cp2.5-Mw7.5; and Com4: Cy10-Cp10-Mw10) maintained a high index of germination due to improved soil properties.•L. angustifolius plants exhibited a preferential accumulation of heavy metals in the root’s biomass (Cu: 565.60 mg kg−1, Zn: 433.52 mg kg−1, and Pb: 301.44 mg kg−1) with limited translocation to shoot parts.
Food security is a current major concern. Protein malnutrition, in particular, must be overcome urgently. Simultaneously, food manufacturers are increasingly interested proteins from plant sources. ...Hence, pulse crops could be exploited as sustainable, climate change resistant and high quality protein sources.
Pulses, such as peas, common beans, cowpea, fava beans, chickpea, lentil, or lupin, contain high levels of globulins and albumins, providing around 33% of dietary needs. Nevertheless, there are different compositional and technological problems (e.g., digestibility, allergenicity, or antinutritional factors: ANF) that need to be overcome to consider pulse proteins as feasible alternative sources of protein.
The ANF might be highly decreased by adequate processing conditions, increasing nutrients bioavailability and protein digestibility. Curiously, ANF might also be associated with the positive physiologic effects commonly attributed to pulses.
In turn, the technological and functional properties (water and fat absorption, solubility, gel forming, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity and foam stability) of pulse proteins should be considered in food formulation and processing, particularly in the development of innovative food products, as already validated at industrial level. In either case, the potential allergenicity of pulse proteins (such as exemplified by lupin), or cross reactivity, should not be neglected throughout the complete production chain, including downstream concerns such as safe labelling.
Despite the highlighted limitations, it seems evident that pulse proteins will have a major role in fulfilling food protein demands, contributing to food security worldwide, besides being achievable in more sustainable exploration processes.
•Different pulse species were characterized as alternative protein sources.•Nutritional, chemical, functional and bioactive properties, of pulse proteins were described.•Likewise, technological and chemical issues associated with pulse proteins were characterized.•Techniques to overcome allergenicity and antinutritional limitations were suggested.•Major industrial applications were also described and new ones were proposed.
Forage crops are considered as important components of sustainable farming systems. Legumes have a specific role in farming systems. In order to assess the possibility of growing lupine in Tabriz ...plain, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Research and Education Center, Iran. Three forage lupins varieties namely Dieta (Lupinus albus), Iris (L. angustifolius) and Pootallong (L. luteus) in this study were evaluated. The results indicated that establishment and survival percentage of varieties under farm condition were significantly different. The intraction effect of variety× days after planting on percentage of establishment among lupine speaces was significantly different. Seedling of Dieta and Iris varieties emerged 6 days after planting, but that of Pootallong could emergent after 9 days. Seedling of Iris and Pootallong varieties dried 27 and 18 days after planting, respectively. The trends of growth and establishment of Dieta variety in the farm was different from the other two varieties. It could achieve the peak emergence after 24 days. Although, Dieta lupine variety, by having 50.1% emergence in the field, was able to grow in the farm and produce seed, but it couldn't express acceptable seed yield and its component. Since the salinity of soil and water used in this experiment were 4580 and 5634 µs/m respectively, growth of these species, specially L. angustifolius and L. luteus (Iris and Pootallong varieties) came across sevrer limitations. More studies are needed to evaluate adaptability and planting time of Dieta cultivar in the region .
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