This study was designed to examine the role of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) and microsites on the growth of pioneer species. Flat, rill, near-rock, and dead lupine microsites were created ...in plots in barren areas of the Pumice Plain of Mount St. Helens. VAM propagules were added to the soil in half of the plots. Six pioneer species were planted into both VAM and non-VAM inoculated microsites. Plants in dead lupine microsites were greater in biomass than those in flat, rill, and near-rock microsites. Significant effects of VAM on plant biomass did not occur. Microsites continue to be important to plant colonization on the Pumice Plain, but VAM do not yet appear to play an important role. This may be due to limited nutrient availability and the facultatively mycotrophic nature of the colonizing plant species. It is unlikely that VAM play an important role in successional processes in newly emplaced nutrient-poor surfaces
In Canada, Prairie Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus, is restricted to southeastern Vancouver Island. Of the nine sites where it has been collected, five are extirpated and the status of two of ...the populations is uncertain. There are two extant populations; some of the other sites may contain the species in the seed bank. Some of the sites are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction by their remote location, although introduced herbaceous species may pose a serious threat by preventing the establishment of the species at other sites. Fire suppression or the lack of other types of disturbance also likely plays a role in discouraging emergence of Lupinus lepidus.
Lupine seedlings were exposed to 4 kPa partial pressure oxygen (hypoxically pretreated) for 18 hours before treatment with strictly anaerobic conditions (anoxia). Seedlings previously exposed to ...hypoxia were more tolerant than the controls (not hypoxically pretreated) to anoxic stress in both roots and shoots. Hypoxic pretreatment induced roots and shoots survival in anoxia. Improved viability of roots, following hypoxic pretreatment, was associated with increased activity of ADH. In nonacclimated roots and shots significant increase in LDH activity occurd during the first hours under anoxia but the in vitro activity of LDH was two orders of magnitude lower than that of ADH. The results are discussed in relation to the ability of lupine seedlings to survive anoxia.
PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF WHITE LUPINE IN A FOREST CENTRAL - BLACK EARTH REGION Naumkin, V.N. (Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Y. Gorin); Naumkina, L.A. (Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Y. Gorin); Muravyev, A.A. (Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Y. Gorin) ...
ИННОВАЦИИ В АПК: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ,
2014, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
The yield of the white lupine varieties Desnyansky increases with the growth of complex management practices applied in this case costs more than offset the cost of yield increase.
Light interception and dry matter production of a conventional and an epigonal genotype of the white lupine (Lupinus albus)
Yield formation of two white lupin (Lupinus albus) genotypes differing ...substantially in growth habit was investigated. Grain production was quantified as the product of harvest index and dry matter production, the latter being a function of light interception and utilization. Experimental data were obtained from two‐year field experiments with a combined variation of plant density and distribution. The conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina showed higher leaf area indices and growth rates than the “epigonal” (little branching) genotype. The higher growth rates of Kalina were partly due to increased light interception, but were mainly a result of a higher light use efficiency. This can be explained with a more even light distribution over a greater leaf area. The more rapid increase of the harvest index in the epigonal genotype compared to Kalina only partially compensated for the differences in dry matter production.
Bradyrhizobium sp. (
Lupinus) strains 750 and IM-43B, possessing nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were used to inoculate
Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa plants. Bacteroids from root nodules were ...sonicated and sedimented to separate membranes from cytosolic fractions. Our results confirmed the existence of constitutive NRA mostly in the membranes, but soluble and membrane-bound NR forms were also induced by nitrate, and both of them used NADH as electron donor. Immunolocalisation of NR using a monoclonal antibody showed the presence of a larger number of epitopes in the soluble region than in membrane of bacteroids, and gold particles increased in those nodules grown with nitrate. Chromatographic purification of NR allowed the detection of two active fractions with an average MW of 91 and 362 kD. A further attempt to separate NR fractions in bacteroids and free-living cells grown with nitrate, led us to detect two more native fractions (180 and 720 kD). SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis from all of the four native fractions revealed the presence of two common bands of around 20 and 70 kD; these results seem to indicate that all of the native enzymes were associations of one single cong 90 kD monomer molecule. Specific NRA increased from the small to the large proteins, suggesting positive cooperation by monomer associations. There was evidence enough to support an interpretation that constitutive and substrate-induced NRs would be formed by a monomeric and its homotetrameric isozyme. On the other hand, three IEF spots were obtained by 2-D gel electrophoresis and by anionic chromatography with pI 7.0, 7.8 and 8.1, when any of the native fractions were analysed. Kinetic studies of the four MW native isoforms showed that the two smallest molecules behaved according to Michaelis-Menten with similar K
M, but the 360 and 720 kD fractions fitted much better to straight lines in a Hill plot, indicating allosterism and positive cooperativity.
By using soil as substrate, white and yellow lupines (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L.) assimilated higher N amounts than under quartz sand conditions. This was caused by spontaneous infection of ...lupines with wild Rhizobia strains and also by an additional N uptake from the soil. In yellow lupines without inoculation in non-sterile soil, only the additional N uptake played a role. Differences in P and K supply as the cause of different N acquisition from soil and quartz sand could be excluded. As compared with white lupines, yellow lupines inoculated with Rhizobia had a high N
2
fixation that exceeded the effect of spontaneous infections. This result as well as the positive effect of spontaneous infections with soil-borne Rhizobia on white lupines indicates insufficient effectiveness of the strains used for inoculation on this plant species.
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