Placing the concept of reification at the centre of Marx's thought, Hiromatsu demonstrates across a number of areas -- history, the understanding of society, and the understanding of philosophy -- ...the philosophical and practical change in worldview which this concept brings about.
This article examines the intellectual transformation of Vietnamese philosopher Trần Đức Thảo (1917-1993), tracing his philosophical journey from an initial engagement with phenomenology, ...particularly Husserl’s methodologies, to a profound advocacy for dialectical materialism. Thảo’s work represents a critical dialogue with the philosophical currents of his time, challenging the dominant paradigms of phenomenology and existentialism through a Marxist lens. His critique of Husserl’s phenomenology, focusing on its internal contradictions and the transition towards a materialist conception of history and consciousness, underscores Thảo’s endeavor to reconcile the phenomenological emphasis on subjective experience with the materialist analysis of societal structures and human existence. Moreover, Thảo’s engagement with the origins of language and his critique of existentialism highlight his comprehensive approach to understanding the complexities of human consciousness within the socio-economic conditions that shape it. By integrating dialectical materialism into his philosophical discourse, Thảo offers innovative perspectives on the development of human society, the nature of labor, and the phenomena of social division and alienation. This article explores Thảo’s intellectual legacy and its implications for contemporary philosophical debates, demonstrating his significant contribution to bridging phenomenology and dialectical materialism. Through his work, Thảo not only provides a critical lens for examining the foundations of human existence and consciousness but also enriches the philosophical dialogue between Eastern and Western thought traditions.
Socialist literature and art are constructed on the basis of Marxist philosophy. The “people character” of socialist literature and art is based on the fact that Marxist philosophy abandons ...individualism and focuses on a wider population’s freedom and happiness. Therefore, socialist literature and art take people rather than individuals as the subject of expression. Realism, the basic principle of socialist literary and artistic creation, is based on the materialism of Marxist philosophy. The “typical environment and typical characters” proposed by Marxist classic writers for socialist literary and artistic creation are the method and principle formed by applying the philosophical concepts of the organic combination of the objective world and human subjectivity, and the organic combination of nature and social history to the concrete literary and artistic creation in Marxist theory. Marxist philosophy regards sensibility and aesthetics as important elements for literature and art to play a practical role. It believes that sensibility and aesthetics are not limited to the subjective world of people, but have the possibility of connecting with the external objective world. Therefore, socialist literature and art must pay attention to aesthetics.
Resumen: El arte y la literatura socialistas se construyen sobre la base de la filosofía marxista. El “carácter popular” de la literatura y el arte socialistas se basa en el hecho de que la filosofía marxista abandona el individualismo y se centra en la libertad y la felicidad de una población más amplia. Por lo tanto, el arte y la literatura socialistas toman como sujeto de expresión a las personas y no a los individuos. El realismo, principio fundamental de la creación literaria y artística socialista, se basa en el materialismo de la filosofía marxista. El “ambiente típico y los caracteres típicos” propuesto por los escritores clásicos marxistas para la creación literaria y artística socialista es el método y el principio formado por la aplicación de los conceptos filosóficos de la combinación orgánica del mundo objetivo y la subjetividad humana, y la combinación orgánica de la naturaleza y la historia social a la creación literaria y artística concreta en la teoría marxista. La filosofía marxista considera la sensibilidad y la estética como elementos importantes para que la literatura y el arte jueguen un papel práctico. Cree que la sensibilidad y la estética no se limitan al mundo subjetivo de las personas, sino que tienen la posibilidad de conectarse con el mundo objetivo externo. Por lo tanto, el arte y la literatura socialistas deben prestar atención a la estética.
The seeming corpulent connection between theory and practice informs this inquiry. Whereas there have been claims from several quarters that the decline in the quality of pedagogy lies with poor ...theory but where there is a sound one, its deleterious practice or application is considered a foremost culprit. Consequent upon this, this research takes a twist on this issue. Through the method of critical analysis and interpretation, the study employs the Marxist theory of education as its theoretical framework. In other words, the paper takes its cue from a Marxist perspective to posit that the society is a battle ground of ideologies. What is perceived as failed theory and/or practice in pedagogy is actually the fulfillment of an ideology of the ruling class who are not only the ruling material force but also the society’s ruling intellectual force. This clearly portends that there is an ideology behind any curriculum and its application. It is always a curriculum put in place by the ruling class. It is calculated to produce minds that would condone and uphold the hegemonic status quo of the ruling intellectual force. It therefore does not matter whether or not society develops. For development is defined by the prevailing ideology. Contrary opinions are repressed and exterminated usually through force or rhetoric. If this is the case, the question of theory and practice in pedagogy does not arise. On the contrary, the main impetus ought to be how to deal with what kind of ideology persists in a society’s educational curriculum. Hence, the current study proposes a re-thinking away from the perceived and seemingly wide abyss between theory and practice. This is because every fact and practice is theory-laden. It is the submission of this paper that the ideological basis of a curriculum demands more attention.
Professor Chen Xianda’s required course of Marxist Philosophy in the new era interprets the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era theoretically, and tells people the Marxist ...philosophical basis of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era in a simple way. He wants to teach people to comprehensively and deeply understand the theory of socialism with new era characteristics on the basis of reading the original, learning it and understanding the principles, so as to better lead the practice. Among them, “learning to understand” requires leading cadres to accurately understand the logic system and theoretical origin of the socialist theory in the new era, and to enter the mind into the heart into the action. “Getting through” requires leading cadres to accurately grasp the theoretical logic, the historical one and practical logic of the thought in the new era, and to learn to examine the problems faced in the process of socialist construction from the perspective of the whole and development. “Being realistic” is required that the theory of leading cadres should be combined with practice, and the socialist thought, with Chinese characteristics in the new era, should be carried out and implemented in the specific work of this region and this department.
Resumo: O curso obrigatório de Filosofia Marxista na nova era, ministrado pelo professor Chen Xianda, interpreta teoricamente a teoria do socialismo com características chinesas na nova era e nos informa, de forma simples, a base filosófica marxista da teoria do socialismo com características chinesas na nova era. Ele quer nos ensinar a compreender, de forma abrangente e profunda, a teoria do socialismo com características da nova era, com base na leitura do original, no aprendizado do original e na compreensão dos princípios, de modo a conduzir melhor a prática. Entre eles, “aprender a entender” exige que os líderes compreendam com precisão o sistema lógico e a origem teórica da teoria socialista, na nova era, e que entrem com a mente no coração e na ação. “Passar por isso” exige que os líderes compreendam com precisão a lógica teórica, a lógica histórica e a lógica prática do pensamento, na nova era, e que aprendam a examinar os problemas enfrentados no processo de construção socialista, a partir da perspectiva do todo e do desenvolvimento. “Ser realista” significa que é necessário que a teoria dos quadros dirigentes seja combinada com a prática, e que o pensamento socialista, com características chinesas, na nova era, deve ser realizado e implementado no trabalho específico dessa região e desse departamento.
Foucault descalifica la sobredeterminación marxista del campo histórico y la equivalencia entre marxismo y proceso revolucionario que se proponía como dogma. Mayo del '68 fue, según él, ...profundamente antimarxista. Surgieron, entonces, una serie de demandas centradas en el cuerpo que el marxismo soslayaba. Así, nació la micropolítica, que explora las relaciones de poder en todos sus niveles: familia, educación, trabajo, cárceles, instituciones psiquiátricas. En El Estado de derecho. Foucault frente a Marx y el marxismo sigo el recorrido de Foucault sobre una crítica al marxismo desde el punto de vista de su desconocimiento del juego institucional y, particularmente, del ordenamiento jurídico, con especial atención a la figura del "Estado de derecho" -- Foucault interroga a la razón gubernamental, a la necesidad de su propia limitación, y al firme y sostenido lazo entre iniciativa económica y orden jurídico, para reconocer que es preciso dejar en libertad los derechos (a la propiedad, al trabajo, a la propia subsistencia, etcétera) a los cuales se puede dar acceso y jerarquía.
The Problem of Atheism Del Noce, Augusto; Lancellotti, Carlo
2022, 2022-01-05, Letnik:
84
eBook
In 1964, Augusto Del Noce assembled in a book some of his best works on Marxism, atheism, and the history of modern philosophy. The result was Il problema dell'ateismo, which he always regarded as ...foundational to his way of thinking. The book remains his best-known work and is still in print in Italy almost sixty years later. The Problem of Atheism offers the first English translation of this landmark book, one of the earliest works to recognize the new secularizing trends in Western culture following World War II. Del Noce situates atheism historically, reconstructing its philosophical trajectory through European modernity. Documenting the author's entire intellectual experience, these essays explore the birth of modern philosophy, reckon with the great European crisis of 1917 to 1945 and the Cold War that followed, and mine the opposition between Marxism and the rise of the affluent society. The result is rich with premonitions of the cultural landscape that would take shape throughout the 1960s and the decades that followed.Proving its English translation to be long overdue, The Problem of Atheism remains relevant to contemporary debates about secularization, political theology, and modernity.
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