Focusing on everyday rituals, the essays in this volume look at spheres of social action and the places throughout the Atlantic world where African–descended communities have expressed their values, ...ideas, beliefs, and spirituality in material terms. The contributors trace the impact of encounters with the Atlantic world on African cultural formation, how entanglement with commerce, commodification, and enslavement and with colonialism, emancipation, and self-rule manifested itself in the shaping of ritual acts such as those associated with birth, death, healing, and protection. Taken as a whole, the book offers new perspectives on what the materials of rituals can tell us about the intimate processes of cultural transformation and the dynamics of the human condition.
This book provides a comprehensive and scientifically based overview of the biocompatibility of dental materials. Up-to-date concepts of biocompatibility assessment are presented, as well as ...information on almost all material groups used in daily dentistry practice. Furthermore, special topics of clinical relevance (e.g. environmental and occupational hazards and the diagnosis of adverse effects) are covered. The book will improve the readers ability to critically analyze information provided by manufacturers, provide a better understanding of the biocompatibility of single material groups, and thus will help the reader choose the most appropriate materials for any given patient and thus prevent adverse effects from developing, provide insights on how to conduct objective, matter-of-fact discussions with patients about the materials to be used in dental procedures, advise readers, through the use of well-documented concepts, on how to treat patients who claim adverse effects from dental materials, and feature clinical photographs that will serve as a reference when analyzing clinical symptoms, such as oral mucosa reactions.
Recently a new, large family of two‐dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered. MXenes are produced by selective etching of the A element from ...the MAX phases, which are metallically conductive, layered solids connected by strong metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds, such as Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2, and Ta4AlC3. MXenes combine the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides with the hydrophilic nature of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In essence, they behave as “conductive clays”. This article reviews progress—both experimental and theoretical—on their synthesis, structure, properties, intercalation, delamination, and potential applications. MXenes are expected to be good candidates for a host of applications. They have already shown promising performance in electrochemical energy storage systems. A detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.
MXenes are a new family of two‐dimensional early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides produced by etching a metal layer from ternary layered carbides called MAX phases. This review describes the progress—both theoretical and experimental—in the synthesis, understanding of structure, measuring of properties, and development of applications of MXenes. In addition, future research directions and challenging open questions are discussed.
Today, there is a huge demand for advanced materials capable of providing technological innovations. Among these, “organic semiconductors” combine the progress of semiconductors and plastic of the ...last century, becoming the subject of intense industrial and academic research. More recently, organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials have become a potential platform for applications in extremely diverse fields such as optics, microelectronics, transportation, health, energy, and energy storage. The interest in them is explained by the fact that it is possible to combine the best characteristics of both components in a large variety of combinations; in this way, they represent an intriguing class of materials with a large spectrum of applications.This reprint contribution will consider recent developments in the field of organic and hybrid materials in two of the most useful and promising applications of the millennium: photovoltaics and photonics. Multiple aspects of the materials will be taken into consideration, from the synthesis and the photophysical characterization to the application.
Due to continuing progress in multi-material additive manufacturing, the design space for multifunctional and functionally graded materials and structures is significantly increased. To take full ...advantage of this capability, a solid understanding of the interface properties is critical, as it can significantly affect the overall mechanical behavior. This paper investigates the tensile strength of multi-material interfaces fabricated via material jetting. Tensile test specimens comprising two different materials, ranging from a rigid-brittle material to a compliant-rubbery one, are experimentally tested at room temperature. Strong dependencies on the material combination and the print orientation, i.e. the orientation of the specimens with respect to the movement of the print head, are found. Interfaces between rigid and compliant materials are mostly found to be as strong as the compliant material itself, whereas interfaces between two rigid materials show strength values reduced by up to 50% for particular print orientations. The findings enable designers to design more reliable multi-material structures while avoiding adverse material combinations and part orientations.
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•Interface strength of multi-material 3D printed parts depends not only on print parameters but also on material combination.•Orientation of material interfaces with respect to the print head movement also strongly influences the interface strength.•Some combinations of materials and interface orientations can reduce interface strength by 50% as well as increase it by 20%.
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