For the understanding of the management of the ecclesiastical goods, we have to take into consideration both the State laws and Church laws, enacted during the entire period of the two millennium. ...Hence the necessity to be familiarized both with Roman and Byzantine laws, and with canonical legislation, that serve as a legal-canonical basis also for the management of movable and immovable ecclesiastical assets. Taking into account the most relevant aspects of the subject of our paper, we tried to help its readers to have an outlook not only about the mode in which are administrating the movable and immovable ecclesiastical goods (res), classified by Roman law in res sacrae, res religiosae and res sanctae, but also a good knowledge about the juridical-canonical basis of the management of the ecclesiastical assets.
Seeking Lasting Enjoyment with Limited Money TULLY, STEPHANIE M.; HERSHFIELD, HAL E.; MEYVIS, TOM
The Journal of consumer research,
06/2015, Letnik:
42, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Consumers with limited discretionary money face important trade-offs when deciding how to spend it. In the current research, we suggest that feelings of financial constraint increase consumers’ ...concern about the lasting utility of their purchases, which in turn increases their preference for material goods over experiences. The results of seven studies confirm that the consideration of financial constraints shifts consumers’ preferences toward material goods (rather than experiences), and that this systematic shift is due to an increased concern about the longevity of the purchase. This preference shift persists even when the material goods are more frivolous than the experiences, indicating that the effect is not driven by an increased desire for sensible and justifiable purchases. However, the shift toward material purchases disappears when the material good is unusually short lived, further implicating concern about longevity as the key driver of the effect. Finally, the consideration of financial constraints increases preference for material purchases even when the potential memories that experiences can provide are made explicitly salient. Together, these results indicate that financially constrained consumers spend their discretionary money on material purchases as a means of securing long-term consumption utility.
Digital marketplaces are standard and pervasive sites to trade and exchange material consumer goods worldwide. Yet the media characteristics of different, situated marketplaces have received ...relatively sporadic attention from the field of media and communication studies, despite the otherwise prominent disciplinary interest in digital technologies, platforms and processes of mediatisation. This paper coalesces perspectives from social, geography and retail studies with mediatisation approaches to extend a theorisation of digital marketplaces as ‘mediatised marketplaces’, focusing on the discussion of interactions between digital media and place involved in the distribution of material goods. We use illustrative examples of two different local marketplaces – the Swedish Tradera and Facebook Marketplace – to demonstrate how mediatised marketplaces challenge a range of distinctions, including between offline and online, material and immaterial, local and global. Mediatised marketplaces such as Tradera and Facebook Marketplace are grounded in place and local market identities, even as they operate on or are owned by global platforms; they rely on communicative as much as logistical functionalities of media; and are transformative of media and consumption practices. The paper contributes to studies of mediatisation and its impacts.
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the production of counterfeit goods, ranging from luxury items to products that have serious repercussions on individuals’ well-being. This ...article presents the contributing factors to the rise of counterfeiting and its potential socio-economic impacts, including effects on innovation, business partnerships, environmental issues, employment rates and consumers. Research in the field of counterfeiting goods involves using a diverse set of methods to analyze and understand the phenomenon.Document research, such as legal documents, and analyses from international organizations, will give us information about the types of counterfeit goods, trade routes, and market trends.
There has been a growing emphasis on developing extraction methods that are not only efficient but also environmentally friendly and sustainable. One promising avenue is the exploration of deep ...eutectic solvents (DESs) as neoteric extraction media. This study aims to investigate the potential of DESs as neoteric extraction media for phenolics-rich flower clove extracts. Two DESs were synthesised by mixing choline chloride with glycerol and lactic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2. The thermal profiles of the mixture were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry, and the viscosity and density were measured at different temperatures. The phenolic compounds were quantitatively characterised for all of the extractants using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined. The results showed that DESs significantly improved the extraction of antioxidant compounds from clove, especially for the case of phenolic compounds, and also considerably enhanced the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The use of DESs offers a green, efficient method for extracting value-added products from natural sources.
Disaster relief involves a broad range of participants, which often results in a disjunction between actual disaster needs and the perception of appropriate strategies in relief provision. This ...research examines data collected through interviews with donation drive operators responding to Superstorm Sandy in 2012 and the May 2013 Oklahoma tornadoes. Using Weber's ideal types of social action to understand motivations for engaging in disaster relief, this article argues that motivations for participating in and organizing such drives influence donation strategies, and these motivations can be used to explain persistent donation of nonuseful materiel items. Findings indicate several different motivations for involvement and that donation type appeared linked to motivation. We suggest that motivation for engaging in social action is a valuable approach to better understanding donation behavior and, consequently, addressing the social problem of materiel convergence in the postdisaster environment.
Little is known whether physical activity (PA)-promoting environments are equally accessible to children with divergent socioeconomic status (SES) in low-/middle-income countries. The authors, ...therefore, examined whether South African children from poorer versus wealthier families living in marginalized communities differed in moderate to vigorous PA and cardiorespiratory fitness. We also tested associations between family car ownership and PA/cardiorespiratory fitness.
Parents/guardians of 908 children (49% girls, mean age = 8.3 1.4 y) completed a survey on household SES. PA was assessed via 7-day accelerometry, parental and child self-reports, and cardiorespiratory fitness with the 20-m shuttle run test.
Based on accelerometry, most children met current moderate to vigorous PA recommendations (≥60 min/d). About 73% of the children did not engage in structured physical education lessons. Whereas children of the lowest SES quintile accumulated higher levels of device-based moderate to vigorous PA, peers from the highest SES quintile engaged in more sedentary behaviors, but self-reported higher engagement in sports, dance, and moving games after school. Families' car ownership was associated with higher parent/self-reported leisure-time PA.
A deeper understanding is needed about why wealthier children are more sedentary, but simultaneously engage in more leisure-time PA. The fact that access to structural physical education is denied to most children is critical and needs to be addressed.
The Pareto Principle, known as the 80/20 rule, predicts that most sales generate from a minority of buyers. Further, consumer theory stipulates certain shoppers have a preference to consume ...experience versus tangible goods. Some people value the consumption of experience due to lifestyle and innate factors. Following a cluster analysis approach, this paper collected survey data from 700 consumers (adults that belonged to a consumer panel) to examine these propositions. The results support the propositions and show that the e-market comprises three segments: VIB of Experience, VIB of Material, and Normals. The discriminatory analysis shows that the affluent shoppers of experience diverge from the other segments on psychological and lifestyle factors. In addition, social class helps pinpoint these shoppers. Whereas VIB of Experience primarily belong to the Upper Uppers and the Upper Middles, VIB of Material belong to the Lower Uppers and the generic Middle Class. The results are of value to practitioners that aim to target affluent shoppers of experience versus affluent shoppers of material goods. The results suggest that the affluent e-shoppers are not homogeneous according to their shopping preference and highlight the relevance of the Pareto Principle to segment and target the e-shoppers.
Heinrich von Storch was a classical economist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century; he was of German descent and of Russian nationality; his main work was written in French. This paper ...tries to present the essence of Storch's innovative ideas and contrasts them with contemporary British and French economic thinking on value, land rent, foreign trade, money and currency, "inner goods," and development. It is argued that Storch was an economist of moderate impact on literature but of high professional relevance.
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