Improving flood resilience of communities requires a holistic understanding of risks and resilience options as well as the preferences and priorities of different stakeholders. Innovations in risk ...and resilience assessment have helped communities to identify gaps in their flood risk management strategy but selecting and implementing resilience solutions remains a big challenge for many decision-makers. In addition to traditional appraisals and cost-benefit assessments this also calls for a participatory process in which various stakeholders are encouraged to adopt a system-level approach in identifying interventions that can maximise a range of benefits and co-benefits. In this study, we investigate how a combination of modelling and measurement methods can help decision-makers with their flood resilience strategies. We apply a participatory system thinking approach combining Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) with a flood resilience measurement framework called Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities (FRMC). We first investigate stakeholders' biases on flood resilience interventions, and then lead them through a system thinking exercise using FCM and FRMC to elicit mental models representing important aspects of flood resilience and their interrelation. These are then aggregated, representing the collective perceptions and knowledge of stakeholders, and used to identify the most beneficial resilience actions in terms of direct and indirect impacts on flood resilience. We apply this approach to the case of Lowestoft, a coastal town in England exposed to significant flood risk. Developed in close collaboration with the local authorities, the ambition is to support decision-making on flood resilience interventions. We find that this combination of methods enables system-level thinking and inclusive decision-making about flood resilience which can ultimately encourage transformative decisions on prioritization of actions and investments.
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•A combination of mind mapping and resilience measurement tool is applied.•The methodology is used to support collective decision making for flood resilience.•It encourages system-thinking and holistic approach in identifying resilience interventions.•Raising awareness about flood resilience is as important as building flood protections.
•This systematic review identified 127 measures targeting at ToM in children.•Measures were appraised based on the multidimensional ToM construct.•Cognitive–affective and intrapersonal–interpersonal ...ToM dimensions were examined.•No measures have been developed based on the multidimensional ToM constructs.•This study provides recommendations for choosing children’s ToM measures.
Theory of mind (ToM) is a developmental and multidimensional ability to impute mental states to oneself and others. This systematic review aimed to identify and appraise the current ToM measures for children in terms of their constructs, modes of presentation and response, the test theories adopted to develop them, and psychometric properties. Among the 588 articles retrieved, 127 ToM measures were identified. Twelve measures covered the full spectrum of ToM development in childhood. Only four measures had items in all construct dimensions (i.e., cognitive–interpersonal, cognitive–intrapersonal, affective–interpersonal, and affective–intrapersonal ToM), but they were not designed with specific items on developmental components in every dimension. As regards modes of presentation and response, twenty-one measures designed with visual aids are recommended for children with poor verbal comprehension and expression abilities. Only six measures were constructed or examined with Rasch modeling to better quantify ToM ability. To sum up, currently, no single ToM measure constructed with Rasch modeling and featuring visual aids can assess children’s ToM ability simultaneously and specifically with the multidimensional construct. A thorough ToM measurement for children with the above-mentioned characteristics is warranted for clinicians and researchers to better understand children’s ToM ability and examine the mechanisms governing the developmental and multidimensional constructs.
Evaluating hospital disaster preparedness is one the best ways for hospital accreditation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of outcome measure that offer the level of measurement, ...reliability and validity that are known as the ' psychometric properties' of the current hospital disaster preparedness tools.
In total, 140 studies were retrieved. Studies which had been published from 2000 to 2014 and had used hospital disaster preparedness tools were appraised by using the PRISMA guideline. The content quality and the quality of the psychometric properties of the retrieved tools were assessed by using the World Health Organization Criteria for Hospital Preparedness as well as the COSMIN criteria.
Only 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, eleven hospital disaster preparedness tools had been used in these 33 studies. These tools mainly focused on evaluating structural and non-structural aspects of hospital preparedness and paid little attention, if any, to the key functional aspect.
Given the paramount importance of evaluating hospital disaster preparedness and the weaknesses of current preparedness evaluation tools, valid and reliable tools should be developed by using experts' knowledge and experience through the processes of tool development and psychometric evaluation.
Couples' joint coping is important in managing the impact of breast cancer. However, measures assessing couples' communication as a way of coping are insufficient. This study aimed to generate a ...self-report valid and reliable measure of couples' coping with a particular focus on communication.
We used baseline data of 343 couple dyads who participated in a randomized clinical trial targeting marital communication. Women were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in the past eight months; couples were married or in an intimate relationship for at least six months, could read and write English, and lived within 100 miles of the study center. An expert panel selected items with conceptual fit from the Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale (MIS) that was originally designed to evaluate marital communication about breast cancer.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-item measurement model with four factors:
(4 items),
(2 items),
(3 items), and
(3 items). Reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.87 for women and 0.70 to 0.83 for spouses.
This new measure has potential application in clinical practice and future research to assess couple's joint coping efforts especially through communication.
•Diagnosis and treatment in tibetan medicine depends on individual underlying constitution.•We develop a new theory-based constitution assessment tool for practitioners and the lay public.•This new ...tool is tested in large, diverse samples and has high validity and reliability.
Previous studies have attempted to develop measurement tools for constitutional identification in Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM), but they have limitations. We developed a new constitution self-assessment tool that is more firmly grounded in the Gyüzhi, the foundational text of Tibetan Medicine. This new self-assessment tool takes the form of a questionnaire in which the items represent the diagnostic criteria of the three central elemental dynamics of Tibetan medicine (rLung, Tripa, Béken) and are related to the body, psychology, and diet preferences. We tested versions of the new questionnaire in three samples of Tibetan adults (total n = 973) in Qinghai Province and evaluated its validity in 90 respondents randomly selected from the main samples. These respondents completed the questionnaire and were independently evaluated by Tibetan Medicine experts using traditional methods of constitution identification. A comparison of the results led us to revise the original questionnaire. Based on expert advice, we combined similar and overlapping items to simplify and improve the scale. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency and indicated that the final scale is reliable. There was 80–93 % agreement between experts’ identifications and self-assessment responses in the survey when both types of data were available. The Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM) constitution scale developed in this paper has a strong basis in theory and TTM practice. It can be used by Tibetan medical practitioners, other health care providers, researchers, and the lay public to identify individual constitution and help determine appropriate treatment.
The operations management literature on mass customization mainly focuses on the questions of whether and how manufacturers can efficiently deliver customization. Researchers have analyzed the ...trade‐offs between customization and dimensions of operational performance such as delivery times, quality, and costs. However, we argue that providing efficient customization is not sufficient per se to assess the value of mass customization. From this perspective, this paper focuses on complementary mechanisms for creating value: the benefits perceived by individual consumers. Two global components of perceived value within the context of mass customization are identified: mass‐customized product, with three dimensions, and mass customization experience, with two dimensions. The Consumer‐Perceived Value Tool (CPVT) is proposed to empirically measure the five perceived benefits related to the mass‐customized product and to the codesign process from the consumer viewpoint. The psychometric properties of the CPVT are assessed using three samples. The implications of this approach are discussed, along with directions for further research.
Complexities in Conceptualizing and Measuring Food Literacy Thomas, Heather; Azevedo Perry, Elsie; Slack, Julie ...
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,
April 2019, 2019-04-00, 20190401, Letnik:
119, Številka:
4
Journal Article
The purpose of this research is to produce a test tool and measurement of standing stork test based on Android. The type of research used in this research is development research with Research & ...Development (R&D) research design from Borg and Gall. This research was conducted with 9 research stages namely, (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Develop preliminary form of product, (4) Preminary field testing, (5) Main product revision, (6) Main field testing, (7) Operational product revision, (8) Operational field testing, (9) Final product revision. The population in this study used Sports Science Faculty Students and Aceh-North Sumatra PON Pelatda Athletes. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with Phase I trials of 20 FIK students and Phase II trials of 30 athletes of Pelatda Taekwondo Sumut. Furthermore, from the Phase I trial, totaling 20 people showed a figure of 89% with Very Eligible criteria, then from the Phase II trial, totaling 30 Aceh-North Sumatra PON Pelatda athletes showed a figure of 91% with the Very Eligible category. From the results of the research/feasibility test carried out by test and measurement experts, IT experts and sports academic experts, it shows a score of 96% in the Very Eligible category, so it can be used. On the basis of the data obtained, the development of an Android-based standing stork test and measurement tool was declared feasible to be developed as a test and measurement tool for balance.
Suitable and standardized indicators to track progress in disaster and climate resilience are increasingly considered a key requirement for successfully informing efforts towards effective disaster ...risk reduction and climate adaptation. Standardized measures of resilience which can be used across different geographical and socioeconomic contexts are however sparse. We present and analyze a standardized community resilience measurement framework for flooding. The corresponding measurement tool is modelled based on and adapted from a so-called ‘technical risk grading’ approach as used in the insurance sector. The grading approach of indicators is based on a two-step process: (i) raw data is collected, and (ii) experts grade the indicators, called sources of resilience, based on this data. We test this approach using approximately 1.25 million datapoints collected across more than 118 communities in nine countries. The quantitative analysis is complemented by content analysis to validate the results from a qualitative perspective. We find that some indicators can more easily be graded by looking at raw data alone, while others require a stronger application of expert judgement. We summarize the reasons for this through six key messages. One major finding is that resilience grades related to subjective characteristics such as ability, feel, and trust are far more dependent on expert judgment than on the actual raw data collected. Additionally, the need for expert judgement further increases if graders must extrapolate the whole community picture from limited raw data. Our findings regarding the role of data and grade specifications can inform ways forward for better, more efficient and increasingly robust standardized assessment of resilience. This should help to build global standardized and comparable, yet locally contextualized, baseline estimates of the many facets of resilience in order to track progress over time on disaster and climate resilience and inform the implementation of the Paris Agreement, Sendai Framework, and the Sustainable Development Goals.
•A standardized community resilience measurement framework and tool is presented.•Quantitative and qualitative resilience indicators can be graded on the same scale.•Analysis based on a large-scale application with over 1.25 million datapoints.•Subjective characteristics of resilience grades depend on expert judgment.•Guidelines for the construction of new resilience indicators are given.
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