Meta-analysis is a powerful statistical methodology for synthesizing research evidence across independent studies. This is the first comprehensive handbook of meta-analysis written specifically for ...ecologists and evolutionary biologists, and it provides an invaluable introduction for beginners as well as an up-to-date guide for experienced meta-analysts.
The chapters, written by renowned experts, walk readers through every step of meta-analysis, from problem formulation to the presentation of the results. The handbook identifies both the advantages of using meta-analysis for research synthesis and the potential pitfalls and limitations of meta-analysis (including when it should not be used). Different approaches to carrying out a meta-analysis are described, and include moment and least-square, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches, all illustrated using worked examples based on real biological datasets. This one-of-a-kind resource is uniquely tailored to the biological sciences, and will provide an invaluable text for practitioners from graduate students and senior scientists to policymakers in conservation and environmental management.
Walks you through every step of carrying out a meta-analysis in ecology and evolutionary biology, from problem formulation to result presentationBrings together experts from a broad range of fieldsShows how to avoid, minimize, or resolve pitfalls such as missing data, publication bias, varying data quality, nonindependence of observations, and phylogenetic dependencies among speciesHelps you choose the right softwareDraws on numerous examples based on real biological datasets
Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi kakav je učinak primjene pametnih ploča (PP) na školski uspjeh, polazeći od multikomplementarnog pristupa (MkP). Istraživanje je provedeno u tri faze: prva je faza ...obuhvaćala metaanalizu i uvid u teme na temelju pregleda dokumenata da bi se dobili pretkomplementarni podatci i tako utvrdile postojeće praznine; u drugoj se fazi razmatrao proces dobivanja postkomplementarnih podataka da bi se eliminirale utvrđene praznina; treća je faza podrazumijevala integraciju rezultata iz prethodnih dviju faza i davanje preporuka za dobivanje komplementarnih podataka. S tim su ciljevima provedene metaanaliza i analiza tema, odnosno proveden je eksperimentalni dio istraživanja. Spomenuti je proces proveden u trima fazama, a obuhvaćao je rezultate kvalitativne i kvantitativne obrade podataka kao doprinos valjanosti i pouzdanosti istraživanja.
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań eksperymentalnych nad wybranymi aspektami kapitału społecznego w Polsce na tle innych państw. Analizowane są w nim aspekty: zaufania i wiarygodności. W artykule ...porównano wyniki badań opartych na typowej grę eksperymentalną (grę „zaufanie”), w tym polskie badania autorów przeprowadzone na grupie 1540 studentów w 16 miastach – stolicach regionów Polski. Wyniki badań wskazują, że względem proporcji pieniędzy oddanych przez gracza B (miara wiarygodności), Polacy (oraz ogólnie mieszkańcy Europy Centralnej/Wschodniej) nie różnią od osób z kultury zachodniej (Oceania, Europa Zachodnia, Ameryka Północna). Biorąc pod uwagę proporcję pieniędzy przekazanych przez gracza A (miara zaufania), istnieją słabe tylko dowody, że Polacy przekazują mniejszą część (czyli są mniej ufni) niż pozostali Europejczycy.
Measurement of financial reporting quality is a problematic task because financial reporting is difficult to observe and measure. The aim of the article is to present the methods of financial ...reporting quality meas-urement and a systematic review of literature on the effects of corporate governance reforms on the qualityof financial reporting. The main research questions are: (1) what are the possibilities of measuring financial reporting for research purposes, (2) which of the methods of measuring the quality of financial reporting are used in research on corporate governance, and (3) which variables used in measuring corporate gov-ernance factors affect financial reporting quality? To answer these questions, a critical analysis of literature and a systematic review of research results using meta-analysis was made. For selecting the best articles a three-step collection strategy was used, which resulted in a database of 38 publications. The review has shown that for measuring the quality of financial reporting researchers most frequently use models based on measurement of risk management, and the most common independent variables describing corporate governance are: the size of the audit committee, presence of independent directors on the supervisory board, dual role of CEO, proportion of independent directors in the audit committee, size of the supervisory board, proportion of accounting experts in the audit committee, and frequency of audit committee meetings
Possibilities of usage meta-analysis method in economic research area The article presents the method of meta-analysis showing its essence, main elements, steps of carrying out research, as well as ...showing the advantages and disadvantages. In the support to available scientific bases of the source body of the literature, the author checked the economic studies, in which meta-analysis was used and divided them into twelve subject groups. Two group were the most numerous, they were: (1) macro-economics in such subjest as development and growth economics, sustainable development, national accounts, public budgeting and finance and (2) management, especially about productivity, quality of human capital, organizational attitude, and widely understood competitiveness.
Możliwości stosowania meta analizy w badaniach ekonomicznych Artykuł prezentuje metodę metaanalizy pokazując jej istotę, główne elementy, etapy prowadzenia badania, a także ukazując wady i zalety. W oparciu do dostępne w bazach naukowych źródła literaturowe dokonano przeglądu badań ekonomicznych, w których wykorzystano metaanalizę. Badania te przyporządkowano do dwunastu grup tematycznych. Dwie drupy były najbardziej liczne, były nimi: (1) badania makorekonomiczne w takich obszarach jak wzrost i rozwój ekonomiczny zagadnień z obszaru efektywności pracy, jakości kapitału ludzkiego, postaw wobec organizacji, a także szeroko rozumianej konkurencyjności.
Cilj ove metaanalize bio je sistematizirati postojece znanje o genetskom doprinosu individualnim razlikama u subjektivnoj dobrobiti (eng. subjective well-being) te dati smjernice za buduca ...istrazivanja. Subjektivna dobrobit predstavlja tendenciju ka pozitivnim kognitivnim i afektivnim evaluacijama vlastita zivot. Dosadasnja istrazivanja na podrucju genetike ponasanja pokazala su da su individualne razlike u subjektivnoj dobrobiti dijelom genetski posredovane. Ovisno o metodologiji (nacrt, mjerni instrument, statisticka obradba), postoje odredene varijacije u indeksima heritabilnosti. U okviru metaanalize definirani su kriteriji ukljucivanja i iskljucivanja primarnih istrazivanja, provedeno je pretrazivanje literature te je identificirano 14 primarnih istrazivanja. Pet istrazivanja moralo je biti iskljuceno iz analize zbog zavisnih uzoraka. Prosjecan indeks heritabilnosti subjektivne dobrobiti pokazuje da se oko 39% (k=10, Q(df=9) = 241,32, p---0,0001) varijance fenotipa subjektivne dobrobiti moze pripisati genetskim doprinosima. Nakon pro- vodenja korekcije za pristranost u objavljivanju, 32% (k=12, Q(df=11)=392,83, p---0,0001) varijance fenotipa subjektivne dobrobiti moze se pripisati genetskim doprinosima. Razmotrene su smjernice za buduca primarna istrazivanja i ogranicenja ove metaanalize. Kljucne rijeci: metaanaliza, heritabilnost, subjektivna dobrobit, zadovoljstvo zivotom, genetika ponasanja
Schizophrenia is a relatively common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Family history is the most important risk factor for schizophrenia, consistent with a genetic contribution to ...its etiology. Recent human genetic studies reported that some common variants located within BCL9 are associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population, but not associated with bipolar disorder in the Caucasian population.
Single nucleotide variant (SNP) prioritization sample was comprised of 575 patients with schizophrenia and 564 healthy controls with no personal or family history of psychiatric illness. For SNP association analysis, we used an independent Japanese sample set (replication sample) comprising 1464 cases and 1171 controls. For the analysis of cognitive performance, we investigated 115 cases and 87 controls using Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio version (WCST). Meta-selectanalysis was performed using a combined Japanese total sample (N=3735) and a Chinese sample from a previous study.
In the replication sample set, we did not detect any association in 2 SNPs (rs672607 and rs10494252) and schizophrenia. Meta-analysis of rs672607 showed significant association (p-value 0.012, odds ratio 0.855). There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the A/A and G carrier group of rs672607 in CPT mean d’ (p=0.0092).
We were able to detect evidence for an association between rs672607 in BCL9 and schizophrenia in the meta-analysis of Japanese and Chinese populations. Additionally, this common variant may affect cognitive performance, as measured by the CPT-IP in schizophrenia patients.
Sizofrenija je relativno čest poremećaj, sa rasprostra- njenošču od oko 1% u ukupnoj populaciji. Porodična istorija bolesti predstavlja najvažniji faktor rizika za nastanak šizofre- nije, što je u skladu sa genetickom osnovom njene etiologije. Nedavne genetičke študije pokazuju da su neke uobičajene varijante u okviru gena BCL9 u vezi sa šizofrenijom u kineskoj populaciji, ali ne i sa bipolarnim poremečajem u populaciji belaca.
Uzorci za analizu tačkastih polimorfizama (SNP) potiču od 575 pacijenata sa šizofrenijom i 564 zdravih kon- trolnih subjekata bez lične ili porodične istorije psihijatrij- skih oboljenja. Za SNP analizu koriščen je nezavisni japanski set uzorak (replikacioni uzorak) koji sadrži 1464 slučaja bolesti i 1171 kontrolu. Za analizu kognitivnih funkcija, ispi- tivali smo 115 slučajeva bolesti i 87 kontrolnih slučajeva, koriščenjem kontinualnog testa funkcija (CPT-IP) i Wisconsin Card Sorting testa, Keio verzije (WCST). Metaanaliza je uradena koriščenjem kombinovanog japanskog ukupnog uzorka (N = 3735) i kineskog uzorka iz prethodne študije.
U replikacionom uzorku nije otkrivena nikakva veza izmedu 2 SNP-a (rs672607 i rs10494252) i šizofrenije. Metaanaliza rs672607 je pokazala njegovu značajnu pove- zanost sa šizofrenijom (p-vrednost 0,012, 0|,855 odds ratio). Utvrdená je značajna (p<0,01) razlika izmedu A/A i G grupe nosilaca rs672607 u CPT srednjoj vrednosti d' (p=0,0092).
Dokazana je veza izmedu rs672607 u genu BCL9 i šizofrenije u metaanalizi japanske i kineske populacije. Pored toga, ova zajednička varijanta može da utiče na kog- nitivne funkcije, što je utvrdeno testom CPT-IP kod šizofrenih bolesnika.
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