The background of this study was transfer assessment for H
3
BO
3
assays according to different pharmacopoeias’ monographs and verification of the crucial parameters—the polyols’ excess (mannitol, ...glycerine, sorbitol), the initial H
3
BO
3
concentrations and the indicator’s concentrations. The purpose of the work was the comparative study according to different pharmacopoeias: the European (EP 9), the American (USP 35-NF 30), the Japanese (JP XVII), important for quality control of H
3
BO
3
, as an active component or an excipient. pH analyses were set up to establish the effects of selected polyols and the initial H
3
BO
3
concentrations. For evaluation of assay results and methods’ equivalence, standard
t
test and two one-sided
t
test (TOST) were applied. Pharmacopoeias’ procedures propose volumetric analyses by 1 M NaOH standard solution with visual end-point detection (phenolphthalein) using sufficiently high H
3
BO
3
concentrations and less excess of polyols, as the good alternative to potentiometric method. The influence of phenolphthalein’s concentration (0.1%, 1%), evidenced as relevant factor, caused the difference shown by standard
t
test: 99.82% (EP 9) and 99.66% (JP XVII). Equivalences between three methods were confirmed by TOST procedures with defined acceptance criterion ± 2% derived from the mean value (99.83%). The comparative study results pointed out that the initial phenolphthalein’s concentration was the crucial influencing factor on harmonization of assay mean values, which was confirmed by TOST application for the methods’ equivalency in method transfer evaluation. The best possible correlation between the lowest excess of polyol-sorbitol and the highest initial boric acid concentration was proved by JP XVII, which was indicated by pH-metric analyses.
Graphic abstract
The contribution presents the method of evaluation of rural landscape development in Hustopece microregion by means of the analysis of landscape structure. Based on the computation of the values of ...landscape ecological indexes, development and typical and specific features in selected time horizons are interpreted. The time of the stable cadastre mapping (1825) was chosen as the initial period, other periods were the actual situation at present (2006) and the time between these two periods (the sixties of the 20th century). It is an agricultural landscape in southern Moravia used for intensive farming. Analysis results illustrate long-term continuing landscape utilization for agricultural production. All evaluative indexes indicate reduction of number of patches and edge effect, enlarging of patch area and, consequently, increasing of geometrical extent and coarse-grained landscape pattern. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Precise identification of exotic whiteflies is a prerequisite to curb the invasive potential on to a new geographical location and to evolve effective management strategies. Conventionally, whitefly ...taxonomy is based on the description of the fourth-instar nymph or puparium, however, in the current investigation egg to adult morphology along with morphometrics of rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was critically analyzed and various morphological characteristics were illustrated. The morphometric analysis revealed that in the immature life stages of the pest, the length: width ratio decreased with each successive life stage, such as the egg, first, second, third, and fourth instar (2.472 ± 0.071, 1.913 ± 0.020, 1.550 ± 0.045, 1.297 ± 0.034, and 1.174 ± 0.058 mm), respectively. Across different nymphal instars, the shape of lingula was greatly modified from tongue-like to triangle-shaped. The number and distribution of compound pores also vary among the different nymphal stages. The ultra-structures of the antenna through electron-microscopy depicted finer details of sensory cones. The modulation in the shape and the structural arrangement of microtrichia on the plate was illustrated. The study indicated accurate diagnosis of various stages of RSW for effective interception of goods at quarantine stations and thus preventing the entry of exotic pests into the country. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Microscopy-based (light and scanning electron microscopy) morphological characterization of rugose spiraling whitefly, (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin).
On spaces of finite signed Borel measures on a metric space one has introduced the Fortet-Mourier and Dudley norms, by embedding the measures into the dual space of the Banach space of bounded ...Lipschitz functions, equipped with different – but equivalent – norms: the FM-norm and the BL-norm, respectively. The norm of such a measure is then obtained by maximising the value of the measure when applied by integration to extremal functions of the unit ball. We introduce Lipschitz extension operators, essentially based on those defined by McShane, and investigate their properties. A remarkable one is that non-trivial extreme points are mapped to non-trivial extreme points of FM- and BL-norm unit balls. Using these extension operators, we define suitable ‘small’ subsets of extremal functions that are weak-star dense in the full set of extreme points of the unit ball, for any underlying metric space. For connected metric spaces, we additionally find a larger set of extremal functions for the BL-norm, similar to such a set that was defined previously by J. Johnson for the FM-norm. This set is then also weak-star dense in the extremal functions. These results may open an avenue to obtaining computational approaches for the Dudley norm on signed Borel measures.
Power systems incur considerable operational and infrastructural damages from high impact low probability events such as natural disasters. It therefore becomes imperative to quantify the impact of ...these disruptive events on power system performance so that adaptive actions can be effectively applied. This impact can be evaluated using resilience metrics which should be able to assess the transitions between the different phases in which a power system resides when subjected to an extreme event. Also, the metrics can aid in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the power system adaptive strategies. However, challenges exist since developed metrics do not proceed with a standardized framework, and due to the vast variety of existing metrics, it becomes ambiguous for researchers and power utilities to find converging information pertinent to their work. In an effort to address these challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive review of quantitative power system resilience metrics which are standardized and evaluated with diverse categorizations. The review methodology employs the Axiomatic Design Process that utilizes the axiomatic design theory and design structure matrix to decompose resilient power system functional requirements into metric design parameters. By integrating the Axiomatic Design Process, we provide a standard for comparison and analysis of the adequacy of reviewed quantitative metrics in power systems resilience quantification, while the categorizations aim to identify the specifications of these metrics. This aids in directing further studies towards resilience requirements that have received less literary attention. In addition, the paper furnishes statistical analysis of reviewed metrics in venues and years of publication by percentage, recurring resilience indicators, and power system levels/stages in which the metrics are applicable. Finally, this paper presents common requirements for resilience quantification, discusses gaps and challenges related to power system resilience metrics as well as implications posed by these challenges, while making recommendations towards filling these gaps, and posing pertinent questions to the power system resilience community.
•Standardization of quantitative power systems resilience metrics.•Categorizations of quantitative power systems resilience metrics.•Gaps, Challenges, recommendations and apt questions for future resilience directions.•Statistical analysis of quantitative power systems resilience metrics.•Resilience metrics should comprehensively inform all phases of the resilience trapezoid.
Metric measure spaces satisfying the reduced curvature-dimension condition CD∗(K,N) and where the heat flow is linear are called RCD∗(K,N)-spaces. This class of non smooth spaces contains ...Gromov–Hausdorff limits of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below by K and dimension bounded above by N. We prove that in RCD∗(K,N)-spaces the following properties of the heat flow hold true: a Li–Yau type inequality, a Bakry–Qian inequality, the Harnack inequality.
A fragment of an ursid radius with seventeen incisions (one of them incomplete) was excavated in the 1950s in the Dziadowa Skała Cave in the Częstochowa Upland in southern Poland from a deposit with ...faunal remains from the Eemian (ca 130–115 kyr). This object has been cited as the earliest evidence of Neanderthal cognitive abilities in the region, but it has been never studied in detail. The artefact has now been re-examined using microscopy and X-ray computed tomography. For this study we revised the determination of the bone and studied the morphology and metric parameters of the incisions (length, width, depth and opening angle). We also used experiments, statistical analysis and an analysis of the incisions' topography to establish the techniques behind their manufacture. The obtained results show that the bone was marked using a retouched stone tool, and that the incisions were produced during a single episode by a right-handed individual using repeated unidirectional movements of the tools’ cutting edge. The incisions are evidently an effect of a deliberate action, not a side-effect of some practical activity. The bear radius from Dziadowa Skała is thus yet another piece of evidence for the emergence of symbolic culture, evolved by hominins in Africa and Eurasia, and represents the oldest example of marked bone north of the Carpathian Mountains.
•The study of a bear radius with a set of incisions from the Eemian.•New CT method of quantitative analysis to investigate incision micromorphology.•CT method was implemented together with microscopy and experiments.•Incisions made by the repeated unidirectional movement of a retouched stone tool.•They were manufactured by a right-handed person during a single sitting.
We identify submodularity as the key ingredient needed to get the Lewy–Stampacchia inequality in the potential case, by showing how it can be used in a simple and effective way to produce a very ...abstract and general version of such estimate.
We then discuss how to reproduce more classical versions of it and, more importantly, how it can be used in conjunction with Laplacian comparison estimates to produce large class of functions with bounded Laplacian on spaces with a lower bound on the Ricci curvature.
On identifie la sous-modularité comme ingrédient clé pour l'obtention de l'inégalité de Lewy–Stampacchia dans le cas potentiel, en montrant comment elle peut être utilisée de manière simple et efficace pour produire une version très abstraite et générale de cette estimation.
On discute ensuite une reproduction des versions plus classiques de cette inégalité et, plus important encore, comment cet ingrédient peut être utilisé avec les estimations de comparaison du laplacien pour produire une grande classe de fonctions avec laplacien borné sur des espaces avec courbure de Ricci bornée inférieurement.
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