Bringing the often-neglected topic of migration to the forefront of ancient Mesoamerican studies, this volume uses an illuminating multidisciplinary approach to address the role of population ...movements in Mexico and Central America from AD 500 to 1500, the tumultuous centuries before European contact. Clarifying what has to date been chiefly speculation, researchers from the fields of archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics, ethnohistory, and art history delve deeply into the causes and impacts of prehistoric migration in the region. They draw on evidence including records of the Nahuatl language, murals painted at the Cacaxtla polity, ceramics in the style known as Coyotlatelco, skeletal samples from multiple sites, and conquest-era accounts of the origins of the Chichén Itzá Maya from both Native and Spanish scribes. The diverse datasets in this volume help reveal the choices and priorities of migrants during times of political, economic, and social changes that unmoored populations from ancestral lands.Migrations in Late Mesoamerica shows how migration patterns are vitally important to study due to their connection to environmental and political disruption in both ancient societies and today's world. A volume in the series Maya Studies, edited by Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase
Animal migration is a global phenomenon, but few studies have examined the substantial within‐ and between‐species variation in migration distances. We built a global database of 94 land migrations ...of large mammalian herbivore populations ranging from 10 to 1638 km. We examined how resource availability, spatial scale of resource variability and body size affect migration distance among populations. Resource availability measured as normalised difference vegetation index had a strong negative effect, predicting a tenfold difference in migration distances between low‐ and high‐resource areas and explaining 23% of the variation in migration distances. We found a weak, positive effect of the spatial scale of resource variability but no effect of body size. Resource‐poor environments are known to increase the size of mammalian home ranges and territories. Here, we demonstrate that for migratory populations as well, animals living in resource‐poor environments travel farther to fulfil their resource needs.
Fisher explores the process of migration chronologically and at levels varying from the migration of an individual community, to larger patterns of the collective movements of major ethnic groups, to ...the more abstract study of emigration, migration, and immigration. By highlighting an exemplary migration for each of the six chapters, the volume considers how technology, environment, and politics have shaped the diverse history of human migration.
Migration, Mobility and Multiple Affiliations studies Punjabi transnational life from perspectives that have relevance for contemporary policy, planning and governance. It analyses the spatially ...widespread, integrated and complex Punjabi diaspora while reflecting its vulnerability in an increasingly globalized world. Besides an overarching introduction and a historical overview, this book covers shifting contours of international migration, social structure and organizational links, the interrelationship between education and migration, and family networks of the Punjabi emigrants.
This volume focuses on coalitions and collaborations formed by refugees from Nazi Germany in their host countries, connecting the NS-exile to other forms of displacement and persecution and locating ...it within the ruptures of civilization dominant in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
In many species, the spatial ecology of early age classes can differ significantly from adults. Adult Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840) at the northern extent of their range ...undertake small-scale but important seasonal migrations between communal hibernacula and summer foraging and mating grounds. Mature snakes also show annual fidelity to their migratory paths, providing a useful system to examine the development of migratory behaviour. We examined and compared spring outbound migratory movements of juveniles and adults at a site in southern British Columbia, Canada, using radiotelemetry data collected between 2011 and 2016 (adult snakes) and in 2021 (juvenile snakes). We found that compared with adult rattlesnakes, juveniles displayed similar directional orientation, direction of vertical migration, and path sinuosity, but initiated spring migrations later and exhibited shorter movements in terms of distances and rates. For example, juvenile straight-line migration distance (262 + or - 90 m) was significantly shorter than that for adults (1069 + or - 134 m; P < 0.001). We provide a starting point in attempting to understand an important question in migration--how individuals early on in their lives adopt different tactics--while contributing to our growing understanding of the complexity of patterns and variation in the movement ecology of a far-ranging snake.
Linked foraging and bioenergetics models allow for increased understanding of fish growth potential and behavior by incorporating prey availability coupled to environmental conditions including ...temperature and prey visibility. To inform our understanding of growth and vertical migration patterns of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) inhabiting lentic ecosystems, we linked foraging and bioenergetics models to create GrowChinook (
http://growchinook.fw.oregonstate.edu/
). This multimodel design and optimization routine has broad applications in examining growth potential and predicting habitat use in stratified environments. We demonstrate the use of GrowChinook for the spring–summer rearing period in three Willamette River basin reservoirs, Oregon, USA. These reservoirs support juvenile spring Chinook salmon that exhibit a novel reservoir-reared life history that includes larger juvenile fish compared with nearby stream-reared subyearlings. Model outputs of predicted growth and depth use patterns based on observed prey distributions and environmental conditions were corroborated by observed empirical size and growth data from other years. Our simulations support diel vertical migration as a tactic that increases growth potential and contribute to understanding juvenile Chinook salmon growth in stratified systems.
La gestion migratoire est un imaginaire qui préconise l’ouverture régulée face aux migrations internationales. Il réduit leur complexité pour les rendre intelligibles, les gouverner d’une manière ...dépolitisée et technocratique, et pour perpétuer les flux de la mondialisation. Mais en l’absence d’un régime international de la migration, la gestion migratoire est concurrencée par les imaginaires de la sécurisation et de la libéralisation des migrations. Sa sédimentation durable dépend alors de la construction matérielle de ses interprétations à travers des institutions. Pour comprendre cette évolution de la gestion migratoire de l’interprétation à la construction, cet ouvrage retrace les trois moments de son émergence, de sa sélection et de son maintien au sein de l’Organisation internationale pour la migration (OIM). Cette institution clé de la gouvernance migratoire a été marquée du début des années 2000 à 2018 par l’extension de son rôle et de ses activités à l’aune de la gestion migratoire. Cet ouvrage mobilise une approche qui mêle économie politique culturelle et analyse critique du discours pour examiner l’évolution d’un imaginaire à partir de l’interaction entre production de sens, capacité d’action des acteurs sociaux, structuration du contexte institutionnel, et technologies gouvernementales. Fort de l’analyse de réunions et documents de l’OIM, l’ouvrage révèle comment divers fonctionnaires internationaux, diplomates et experts ont formulé, diffusé, matérialisé ou encore contesté la gestion migratoire. L’étude de cet imaginaire permet de comprendre la transformation de l’OIM et son rôle dans la constitution d’une nouvelle gouvernance migratoire suite à l’adoption en 2018 du Pacte mondial pour les migrations.
La question du transbordement maritime des migrants - en transit à travers l'Atlantique - s'est constituée en problématique humanitaire internationale au début du XXe siècle. Elle fait notamment ...l'objet d'une mobilisation importante dans la société italienne, où les emigrants à destination de l'Amérique sont en grand nombre et se trouvent souvent piégés dans des formes graves de dépendance économique à l'égard des agents d'émigration qui les recrutent et des compagnies maritimes qui les transportent. Analyser comment l'Italie s'est efforcée d'élaborer un dispositif d'action publique pour encadrer et protéger sa population en partance pour l'Amérique, particulièrement dans l'espace-temps très spécifique qu'est la traversée maritime, permet de reconsidérer plusieurs enjeux mis au jour par les études consacrées aux migrations internationales, au gouvernement des populations et à la mondialisation marchande. Tout en rappelant le rôle très actif qu'eurent certains pays d'origine dans la protection de leur ressortissants migrants, ce cas montre que le sort de ceux-ci ne se jouait pas dans le seul face à face entre États émetteur et récepteur, mais aussi dans la nécessaire régulation du marché du transbordement, et tout autant dans l'opposition et l'arbitrage entre des acteurs et des intérêts divergents à l'intérieur même de la société italienne. The maritime transshipment of migrants across the Atlantic became an international humanitarian issue at the beginning of the 20th century. It inspired a widespread mobilization in Italian society, where many emigrants to America found themselves trapped in serious forms of economic dependency on the emigration agents who recruited them and the maritime companies who transported them. An analysis of the ways Italy attempted to elaborate modes of public intervention to supervise and protect its emigrating citizens, particularly in the specific space-time of maritime travel, sheds new light on several issues prominent in studies of international migrations, of population government and of commercial globalization. While recalling the very active role certain countries played in the protection of their emigrating citizens, the Italian case underlines that the fate of these migrants was played out not only in the confrontation between an issuing State anda receiving State, but also in the necessary regulation of the transshipment market as well as in the opposition (and resulting arbitration) between the parties and the diverging interests within Italian society itself
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