Based on groundbreaking research, this book is the first of its kind to provide a close examination in English of the extensive imagery of the soldier figure in the war culture of early ...twentieth-century China. This study moves away from the traditional military history perspectives and focuses on the neglected cultural aspect of the intersection of war and society in China during a crucial period that led to the eventual victory of the Chinese Communist Party over the Nationalist Party. Integrating history, literature, and arts, this appealing narrative reveals multiple meanings of the soldier figure created by different political, social, and cultural forces in modern China. Drawing from a wide range of sources including government documents, speeches, newspaper articles, memoirs, military textbooks, and yangge drama, Yan Xu recounts stories of unforgettable Chinese political leaders, including Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong. She also eexamines the wartime experiences of previously marginalized social groups, including women soldiers, wounded soldiers, student soldiers, military writers, and vocational education professionals, giving voice to those largely forgotten by military historians. This book opens up a new area in modern Chinese history and Chinese military history by revealing that the cultural discourse on the soldier image is essential to understanding Chinese nationalism, state-building, and civil-military relations in the early twentieth century.
Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence during the period of basic military training (BMT). During the BMT period, it is estimated that 25% of male and 50% of female trainees experience ...injuries. In a review of Army basic training, injury risk-factor studies showed that increased age, smoking history and prior sedentary lifestyle among male recruits were associated with increased injury risk.
The Times Tables Drill, in which students recite multiplication facts at high speed, is based on a 200 year-old American military education practice. Emphasising commands, obedience, rules, silence, ...separation, surveillance, speed, competition, testing and ranking, it makes students anxious as well as failing to support a conceptual understanding of multiplication. This article shows teachers how to teach the multiplication facts in an engaging, conceptual, and democratic way. The article includes an alternative Times Tables quiz that teachers can use in the classroom to promote conceptual learning, social interaction and automaticity.
The Chain of Hebrew Soldiers Stern, Nehemia; Ben-Shalom, Uzi; Lebel, Udi ...
Israel studies review,
06/2022, Letnik:
37, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the educational and religious tensions that emerged during a five-day biblical seminar run by the Israel Defense Forces’ Identity and Jewish ...Consciousness Unit. We argue that despite the official focus on professionalization as a pedagogical parameter, the seminar participants themselves reacted to biblical narratives in ways that indicate a distinct kind of personal and individualized discourse. By focusing on this disjuncture, we highlight the very real limitations larger (governmental or civilian) institutional entities face as they attempt to shape religious attitudes within the Israeli public arena. Examining how seminar participants interpret biblical narratives can enable scholars to portray a more nuanced account of how religion and “religionization” function within the Israel Defense Forces.
This article analyzes the relationship between civil–military relations and professional military education (PME) in Türkiye before the 2016 coup attempt. Its main argument is that an effective PME ...system could not be realized due to the problematic nature of civil–military relations. The dominant role of the military in politics turned PME into a domain reserved solely for soldiers; however, this autonomy did not help the officer corps to create an effective PME system. Based on historical analyses, this article concludes that civil–military cooperation is necessary for developing a successful PME system, and it endorses Mukherjee’s integrated model. Moreover, it shows that civil–military cooperation for the development of PME is a requirement regardless of the nature of civil–military relations.
In the pages of this journal, Damon Coletta and Tom Crosbie published a response to our article entitled, “The Continuing Relevance of Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier for the Education of ...Officers.” In that article, we argued that Janowitz’s emphasis on the need for political awareness in the U.S. military should receive greater attention in the education of today’s officer corps. Coletta and Crosbie suggest that we are too ready to abandon Samuel Huntington’s classic work, The Soldier and the State. In this continuation of that dialogue, we respond with three clarifications and three substantive disagreements. Huntington and Janowitz offer divergent perspectives on the issues of officer education and “political virtue,” we suggest, and Janowitz’s perspective deserves greater weight that it has traditionally received. Coletta and Crosbie also place greater emphasis on the separability of political and military affairs than is warranted, and Janowitz is more helpful here as well.
The Ottoman Empire built, trained, organized, led, and sustained her army over a period of more than 600 years, during which had a significant effect on the history of the modern world1. It underwent ...several transformations. In this context, the Mekteb-i FünÛn-ı Harbiyye-i Şâhâne (Turkish Military Academy) was established in 1834 in İstanbul to provide officers for the army, where cadets were given professional military education and training. Unfortunately, the Military Academy was closed in 1914 following the start of World War I. There was an urgent need to train and educate cadets to provide necessary junior officers to the units for the Turkish War of Independence. Therefore, to satisfy this need, the first officer educating and training facility in Ankara was opened in Abidinpaşa Mansion (SunÛf-ı Muhtelife Zabit Namzetleri Talimgahı) on 1 July 1920, i.e. the Military Academy was moved to Ankara, like most of the Ottoman institutions during Turkish War of Independence. The system is very similar to the German reserve officer system. The education was based upon on-the-job training and application of the technical and tactical staff, so the officer candidates tried to learn how to use infantry rifles and individual soldiers equipment, and later on, they practiced how to command squads, and then platoons. This study aims to put forward and reveal very unknown historical facts about this temporary military facility, and its benefits during times of poverty and lack of resources. Hence, it proves the motto "desperate times call for desperate measures".
Developing Strategic Mindsets with Matrix Games Roennfeldt, Carsten F.; Helgesen, Daniel E.; Reutz, Bjørn Anders Hoffstad
Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies,
09/2022, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article forms part of the Norwegian Defence University College's broader research and development project to explore the utilities and potential of a wide range of wargames and military ...exercises in professional military education. We present a specific matrix game, Game MONUSCO, named for the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and designed at the Norwegian Military Academy to develop the strategic mindsets of military students. The article introduces prominent literature on matrix games, to which it adds an elaborated account on the way post-play discussions are exploited to help students gain specific and general educational learning outcomes. Central to this effort, and a novel contribution to the literature, is a strategic-bridge model. This model, informed by Daniel Kahneman's seminal work on intuitive and analytical thinking, promotes a strategic mindset compatible with NATO doctrines. In addition, we argue military students gain professionally relevant experiences by repeatedly applying theoretical knowledge to solve the kind of practical problems matrix games can generate. This serves to aid and improve the making of informed decisions. Game-experiences also help these future officers to become familiar with chance, uncertainty, and other crucially important features of the military profession. Preliminary evaluations indicate matrix games to be a valuable educational method for the achievement of such learning outcomes in professional military education and suggest the method can be relevant for other professional studies as well. Keywords: wargames, matrix games, military education, strategy, heuristics, officer competence, decision making
The Use and Misuse of Wargames Mouat, Tom
Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies,
09/2022, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article forms part of the Norwegian Defence University College's broader research and development project to explore the utilities and potentials of a wide range of wargames and military ...exercises. This essay is intended to generate discussion of wargaming's use and problems, and to provoke the generation of new and better proposals. As such it contains opinion and academic reflection. The paper discusses wargames, their many different types, their practical uses, and some of the dangers or pitfalls that arise when wargames are used in order to generate useful outputs. The intention is to promote debate rather than to assert any definite conclusions. Keywords: Wargames, military education, training, strategy, innovation, decision making, team building, force development, insight, dangers, pitfalls
