Diese Studie untersucht die Frage, welche Einflüsse Vorerfahrungen von Lehramtsstudierenden mit Mobbing auf das Erkennen von bzw. mögliche Handlungsoptionen bei Mobbing haben. An der Untersuchung ...nahmen insgesamt 83 Lehramtsstudierende der allgemeinbildenden Schulen an der Universität des Saarlandes teil. 76 Prozent der befragten Studierenden hatten in ihrer Schulzeit bereits Erfahrung mit Mobbingsituationen gemacht, wobei Studentinnen überwiegend verbales Mobbing in der Opferrolle und männliche Studierende dies eher in der unbeteiligten Zuschauer-Rolle (bystander) erlebt haben. Relationales Mobbing, wurde von etwa der Hälfte der Teilnehmenden der Studie als bystander erlebt. Vor allem die männlichen Studierenden unterschätzen die Ernsthaftigkeit von verbalem und relationalem Mobbing deutlich. Frühere Mobbingopfer nahmen die verschiedenen Mobbingsituationen ernster als Personen, die noch nie Mobbing erlebt hatten, und zeigten auch tendenziell größeren Ärger über das Mobbingverhalten bzw. stärkeres Mitgefühl für die Opfer. Sie würden aber seltener intervenieren als andere. Ein möglicher Grund dafür könnte die fehlende Interventionskompetenz sein. Wir empfehlen deshalb, bei der Behandlung des Themas Mobbing in der Schule auf die Vorerfahrungen der Studierenden zurückzugreifen, vor allem um die Ernsthaftigkeit von relationalem und verbalem Mobbing zu betonen und durch die Einbindung der positiven Erfahrungen früherer Helfer*innen zudem die Interventionskompetenz in allen Mobbingformen zu stärken.
The aim of the article is to analyze the causes and consequences of mobbing, which occurs in the staff of the pharmacy.
Materials and methods. The methods used in the study include methods of ...theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, content analysis, expert survey, correlation analysis.
Results. The situation in pharmacies regarding the presence of mobbing in the workforce has been studied. 31 % of respondents in their professional activities encountered mobbing, and 47 % said that such phenomena were quite common, and 44 % often encountered insults and intimidation. The reasons for mobbing in the staff of the pharmacy and the its reasons in the staff of the pharmacy by the employee who is subjected to mobbing are formulated. The distribution of status in the workforce (9.9±0.1 points), envy of a younger or more successful colleague (A2) (9.4±0.15 points), distribution of statuses in the labor collective (A3) (9.3±0.1 points), low level of communication skills (9.2±0.1 points) and unhealthy socio-psychological climate in the workforce (9.1±0.2 points), age (9.0±0.3 points). Statistically significant relationships between the attitude of pharmacy staff to mobbing and age were identified; general work experience and work experience in a pharmacy; gender, managerial, professional, and interpersonal tolerance and its identification-group component and commitment to the pharmacy Negative attitude to mobbing is manifested in the most loyal to the pharmacy staff. The manifestations of mobbing in the staff of the pharmacy were studied, namely: boycott of the employee (9.1±0.15 points), constant and often unfounded criticism (8.4±0.15 points), unfair and offensive evaluation of work (7.9±0.17 points), etc. The consequences of mobbing in the workforce of the pharmacy were determined, which include the creation of an unhealthy socio-psychological climate in the workforce, high staff turnover, reduced productivity, disruption of communication in the workforce, disruption of communication between pharmacist and pharmacy visitor, regular visitors, deterioration of the reputation of the pharmacy, etc.
Conclusions. The causes of mobbing in the pharmacy have been identified. In the perspective of the identified problems of mobbing in the pharmacy, its consequences for the pharmacy are determined
Метою статті є проведення аналізу причин та наслідків мобінгу, який виникає в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу.
Матеріали та методи. До методів, які застосовувалися в дослідженні, належать методи теоретичного узагальнення, аналізу та синтезу, контент-аналіз, експертне опитування, кореляційний аналіз.
Результати. Досліджено ситуацію в аптечних закладах стосовно наявності мобінгу в трудовому колективі. 31 % опитаних респондентів в своїй професійній діяльності зіштовхувалися з мобінгом, а 47 % засвідчили, що такі явища зустрічалися досить часто, також 44 % часто зустрічалися з образами та залякуваннями. Сформульовано причини мобінгу в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу та причини його виникнення в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу з боку співробітника, який піддається мобінгу. До найчастіших причин виникнення мобінгу в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу віднесено конкуренцію на робочому місці (9,9±0,1 балів), заздрість (9,4±0,15 балів), розподіл статусів у трудовому колективі (9,3±0,1 балів), низький рівень комунікативних здібностей (9,2±0,1 бали) та нездоровий соціально-психологічний клімат в трудовому колективі (9,1±0,2 балів), вікові особливості (9,0±0,3 балів). Визначено статистично значущі взаємозв’язки між ставленням персоналу аптечного закладу до мобінгу та віком; загальним стажем роботи та стажем роботи в аптеці; гендерною, управлінською, професійною та міжособистісною толерантністю і її ідентифікаційно-груповим компонентом та прихильності до аптеки Негативне ставлення до мобінгу проявляється у найбільш лояльні до аптечного закладу співробітники. Досліджено проявимобінгу в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу, а саме: бойкот співробітника (9,1±0,15 балів), постійна і часто необґрунтована критика (8,4±0.1 бали), несправедливе й образливе оцінювання роботи (7,9±0.17 балів) тощо. Визначено наслідки мобінгу в трудовому колективі аптечного закладу, до яких віднесено створення нездорового соціально-психологічного клімату в трудовому колективі, висока плинність кадрів, зниження продуктивності праці персоналу, порушення комунікативних зв’язків в трудовому колективі, порушення комунікативних зв’язків фармацевта та відвідувача аптеки, відтік постійних відвідувачів, погіршення репутації аптечного закладу тощо.
Висновки. Визначено причини виникнення мобінгу в аптечному закладі У ракурсі визначених проблем виникнення мобінгу в аптечному закладі визначені його наслідки для аптечного закладу в цілому
The study concerned workplace mobbing, a phenomenon affecting about 3-20% of the Polish population. The aim of the article is to distinguish the manifestations of mobbing, to study the coexistence of ...mobbing manifestations, and to search for the relationships between the symptoms of mobbing, reactions to mobbing and methods of dealing with mobbing used by victims.
Information on the above variables was obtained using a questionnaire on mobbing, risk factors, and responses to mobbing. The questionnaire was completed by 781 people (women: 66%, men: 34%). The average age of the respondents was 29 years. The current statistical analysis included: distinguishing the manifestations of mobbing by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, studying the coexistence of mobbing manifestations by means of a cluster analysis, and detecting the relationships between mobbing manifestations, reactions to mobbing and ways of dealing with it based on the system of structural equations.
The results of the research revealed 3 categories of relationships: a co-occurrence of mobbing manifestations, a relationship of mobbing manifestations with reactions to mobbing, and a relationship of mobbing reactions with methods of dealing with mobbing.
Mobbing was found in 22% of the examined group. The study revealed the existence of 5 clusters of mobbing manifestations (i.e., subgroups of respondents characterized by experiencing at least 1 of the mobbing manifestations). In the most numerous clusters in which the symptoms of mobbing were diagnosed, unfriendly working conditions prevailed. In the context of mobbing, people were found to more often react with passivity or with using interpersonal coping methods. However, they rarely turned to institutions for help or used aggression against the mobber. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):1-12.
When they detect a predator, some prey exhibit mobbing behaviour and produce mobbing calls that quickly draw a mixed conspecific and heterospecific group against the predator. While the efficiency of ...this strategy is often linked to interspecific communication, it raises the question of how animals recognize these signals as mobbing calls. It is usually suggested that associative learning about a predator when heterospecific mobbing calls are heard plays a crucial role in communication among species. Alternatively, phylogenetic conservation or evolutionary convergence could also explain this communication process. To determine whether prior experience is required to express a mobbing response, we conducted playback experiments with four European passerine species: great tit, Parus major, blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, coal tit, Periparus ater, and common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. The aim of the study was to examine whether they would respond to the mobbing signals of several North American passerines. As expected, because natural selection might shape a strong response to conspecific mobbing calls, our focal species reacted more strongly towards their own mobbing calls than towards those of American species. Nevertheless, for the three European species of tit, prior experience of heterospecific mobbing calls was not required to elicit a response. Additionally, for great tit and chaffinch, we found that acoustic similarity could explain behavioural responses to allopatric species. In contrast, such similarity was probably not the main mechanism underlying the response for the other two European species. Heterospecific response to mobbing calls probably involved many different mechanisms. Further studies focusing on each of these should allow us to understand their relative contribution to heterospecific communication.
•Vertebrates respond to conspecific and heterospecific mobbing calls.•We used playbacks to investigate if prior experience is required to elicit mobbing.•The bird species studied exhibit mobbing for both allopatric and conspecific calls.•Nevertheless the passerine responses remained subtle and complex to predict.
In the current research, our objective was to explore how men assess and assign blame to both a man and a woman who are victims of workplace mobbing, depending on whether they identify as feminist or ...egalitarian. It is well recognized that the label "feminist" carries distinct connotations when applied to individuals of different genders. However, it remains unclear whether these varied connotations are due to the label itself or its underlying meaning. Given that the feminist label has been traditionally stigmatized, we aimed to disentangle the influence of the label from its semantic content. To achieve this, we compared the evaluations and attributions of victim blame directed toward targets labeled as feminist with those labeled with a similar but more neutral term-that is, egalitarian-as well as with unlabeled targets. Considering that much of the previous research in this area has focused on samples predominantly composed of women, we aimed to investigate how men respond to these labels. Through three experiments involving male participants (
= 628), we presented fictitious scenarios depicting a man or a woman who were victims of workplace mobbing due to their identification as feminist or egalitarian. The key finding of our research is that the feminist label, rather than its semantic content, significantly influences the evaluations and assignment of blame expressed by men who strongly adhere to traditional male role norms. These findings underscore the importance of these labels (feminist and egalitarian) in social judgments, particularly when applied to victims of workplace mobbing.
Nest defense is an effective strategy of hosts against parasites. Typically, hosts will aggressively attack brood parasites that approach or visit their nests, which can prevent the parasites from ...laying eggs or may even lead to the death of the parasites. Few previous studies have specifically reported such fatal cases involving brood parasites and have attributed the cause of death to either drowning or hypothermia after falling into the water following an attack from hosts. In this study, we recorded the process of multiple host individuals of the Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) mobbing and attacking a female common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in the field. We discovered that the immediate cause of the cuckoo's death was the fatal physical damage resulting from the aggressive defense from the hosts, suggesting that frantic pecking and scratching by the hosts is the most proximate cause of mortality among egg‐laying female cuckoos. This finding enhances our essential understanding of the effectiveness of host attacks.
We discovered that the immediate cause of the cuckoo's death was the fatal physical damage resulting from the aggressive defense from the Oriental reed warbler, suggesting that frantic pecking and scratching by the hosts is the most proximate cause of mortality among egg‐laying female cuckoos. This finding enhances our essential understanding of the effectiveness of host attacks.
This study examined the association between bullying victimization and e‐cigarette use. Data from a 2019–2020 German student survey were used (N = 16,476). The target population consisted of students ...enrolled in grades 5–10, with a mean age of 13.1 years (SD = 1.8), and equal gender distribution (49.5% female). Mixed‐effect multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between bullying victimization (attacked physically, assaulted verbally, experienced relational bullying, sexual harassment, cyberbullying) and current e‐cigarette use. The multivariable analysis controlled for age, sex, sensation‐seeking, socioeconomic status, school performance, type of school attended, and substance use (current cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, and alcohol drinking). Overall 510 (3.7%) students reported current use of e‐cigarettes. The odds for using e‐cigarettes increased each step of being bullied from “never,” “rarely,” “sometimes,” “once a week,” to “several times a week” by 2.03 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.81, 2.29) in the unadjusted model, and by 1.46 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.71) in the covariate‐adjusted model. Data indicate an empirical association between victimization and e‐cigarette use among German students. Design limitations prevent the conclusion of a causal relationship, calling for well‐designed longitudinal studies to investigate the temporal sequence between victimization and e‐cigarette use.
Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and ...strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.
The present study aimed at giving voice to students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds using a co-participatory approach. Participants were 59 adolescents (52.5% males) aged between 14 and ...16 from five European countries who created ten comics to illustrate cyberbullying for a broader audience of peers. We analyzed texts and images according to four primary themes: cyberbullying episodes (types, platforms, co-occurrence with bullying), coping strategies, characters (roles, gender, and group membership), and emotions. The content analysis showed that online denigration on social media platforms was widely represented and that cyberbullying co-existed with bullying. Social strategies were frequently combined with passive and confrontational coping, up to suicide. All roles (cyberbully, cybervictim, bystander, reinforcer, defender) were portrayed among the 154 characters identified, even if victims and defenders appeared in the vignettes more often. Males, females, peers, and adults were represented in all roles. Among the 87 emotions detected, sadness was the most frequently expressed, followed by joy, surprise, anger, and fear. Emotions, mainly represented by drawings or drawings with text, were most often represented in association with cybervictims. The results are discussed in terms of their methodological and practical implications, as they emphasize the importance of valorizing young peoples’ voices in research and interventions against cyberbullying.
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