This article investigates the politics of the image and montage in the literature and filmmaking as an experimentation with an ethical bet on research in Human Sciences. In the light of Walter ...Benjamin’s concept of montage, as well as DidiHuberman’s analysis of image as taking a position, it problematizes the insurmountable distance between the subject and the object, the fracture between form and content, ethics and aesthetics in research in the face of the intolerable of an ordinary world. The questions are presented through fragments that deal with the intertwining between body, memory, revolt, and creation, to emphasize the ethical bet of the montage not only as a balm for the body suffocated by the abject, but as the oxygen necessary for the multiplication of paths, senses, overcoming limits for the creation of resistance to the numbness of thought.
Prefabricated arrays with a limited number of electrodes offer an opportunity to hasten the diagnosis of seizures; however, their accuracy to detect seizures is unknown. We examined the utility of ...two limited-montage EEG setups for the detection of nonconvulsive seizures.
Thirty previously interpreted EEG segments with nonconvulsive seizures from 30 patients and 60 segments with background slowing or normal EEG from 60 patients were rendered in a bipolar "double banana" montage, a double distance "neonatal" montage, and a circumferential "hatband" montage. Experts reviewed 60 to 180 seconds long segments to determine whether seizures were present and if the EEG data provided were sufficient to make a decision on escalation of clinical care by ordering an additional EEG or prescribing anticonvulsants. The periodic patterns on the ictal-interictal continuum were specifically excluded for this analysis to keep the focus on definite electrographic seizures.
The sensitivities for seizure of the neonatal and hatband montages were 0.96 and 0.84, respectively, when compared with full montage EEG, whereas the specificities were 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. Appropriate escalation of care was suggested for 96% and 92% of occurrences of seizure patterns in neonatal and hatband montages, respectively. When compared with clinical EEG, the sensitivities of the neonatal and hatband montages for seizure diagnosis were 0.85 and 0.69, respectively.
Nonconvulsive seizures were detected with high accuracy using the limited electrode array configuration in the neonatal and hatband montages. The sensitivity of the neonatal montage EEG in detecting seizures was superior to that of a hatband montage. These findings suggest that in some patients with nonconvulsive seizures, limited-montage EEG may allow to differentiate ictal and slow patterns.
We present Write-A-Video , a tool for the creation of video montage using mostly text-editing. Given an input themed text and a related video repository either from online websites or personal ...albums, the tool allows novice users to generate a video montage much more easily than current video editing tools. The resulting video illustrates the given narrative, provides diverse visual content, and follows cinematographic guidelines. The process involves three simple steps: (1) the user provides input, mostly in the form of editing the text, (2) the tool automatically searches for semantically matching candidate shots from the video repository, and (3) an optimization method assembles the video montage. Visual-semantic matching between segmented text and shots is performed by cascaded keyword matching and visual-semantic embedding, that have better accuracy than alternative solutions. The video assembly is formulated as a hybrid optimization problem over a graph of shots, considering temporal constraints, cinematography metrics such as camera movement and tone, and user-specified cinematography idioms. Using our system, users without video editing experience are able to generate appealing videos.
My paper will focus on some issues related to photographic image and its language, starting with the analysis of a photographic work created in 1937 by Bruno Munari for Almanacco letterario Bompiani ...of that year. The title of the insert is Udite, Udite!, it is a sixteenth note created by mounting quotations from Mussolini's speeches, photographs of the regime, and the portrait of the Duce inserted at the top of each page perforated as a “telescope", a graphic expedient that makes him 'physically' present. The description and commentary on Munari's work will be linked to issues, such as: the visual, cultural and psychological strategies of fascism, all focused on the image and 'corporeality' of Mussolini, also through photography; the 'resistance' action of Munari's photography and graphics given the author's awareness of the subtle power of visual communication, the ability of photography to strengthen opinions and positions and, as already experienced by Dadaism, “to turn poisons into an antidote"; the exploitation of the photographic medium, by propaganda and satire, in the exaltation of the physical, direct and multiple dimension to which the medium gives access. In the years of fascism, photography was, together with cinema, the regime's main communication tool, aimed mainly at enhancing the figure of Mussolini, his body, his resolute face. Munari, who since the Thirties has distinguished himself in graphics and advertising for his modern style, in Udite, Udite! shows a full awareness of the strategies of fascism, subjecting them to a skilful make-up operation. Using the same language of the regime, Munari bends it to a different meaning through the grammar of modernist collage and the enhancement of the conceptual component of the photographic image. He carries out an operation of ideological cosmetics, telling a different story, soliciting, without further verbal declarations, the critical sense of those who look and read.
Self-assembled DNA nanostructures enable nanometre-precise patterning that can be used to create programmable molecular machines and arrays of functional materials. DNA origami is particularly ...versatile in this context because each DNA strand in the origami nanostructure occupies a unique position and can serve as a uniquely addressable pixel. However, the scale of such structures has been limited to about 0.05 square micrometres, hindering applications that demand a larger layout and integration with more conventional patterning methods. Hierarchical multistage assembly of simple sets of tiles can in principle overcome this limitation, but so far has not been sufficiently robust to enable successful implementation of larger structures using DNA origami tiles. Here we show that by using simple local assembly rules that are modified and applied recursively throughout a hierarchical, multistage assembly process, a small and constant set of unique DNA strands can be used to create DNA origami arrays of increasing size and with arbitrary patterns. We illustrate this method, which we term 'fractal assembly', by producing DNA origami arrays with sizes of up to 0.5 square micrometres and with up to 8,704 pixels, allowing us to render images such as the Mona Lisa and a rooster. We find that self-assembly of the tiles into arrays is unaffected by changes in surface patterns on the tiles, and that the yield of the fractal assembly process corresponds to about 0.95
for arrays containing m tiles. When used in conjunction with a software tool that we developed that converts an arbitrary pattern into DNA sequences and experimental protocols, our assembly method is readily accessible and will facilitate the construction of sophisticated materials and devices with sizes similar to that of a bacterium using DNA nanostructures.
The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN Seeck, Margitta; Koessler, Laurent; Bast, Thomas ...
Clinical neurophysiology,
October 2017, 2017-10-00, 20171001, 2017-10, Letnik:
128, Številka:
10
Journal Article
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•An array of 25 electrodes is recommended for standard EEGs with inferior temporal electrodes.•Due to thinner skulls (spatial aliasing), pediatric EEG requires as many scalp electrodes as in ...adults.•Arrays with higher electrode numbers (64–256 electrodes) allow source imaging at sublobar level.
Standardized EEG electrode positions are essential for both clinical applications and research. The aim of this guideline is to update and expand the unifying nomenclature and standardized positioning for EEG scalp electrodes. Electrode positions were based on 20% and 10% of standardized measurements from anatomical landmarks on the skull. However, standard recordings do not cover the anterior and basal temporal lobes, which is the most frequent source of epileptogenic activity. Here, we propose a basic array of 25 electrodes including the inferior temporal chain, which should be used for all standard clinical recordings. The nomenclature in the basic array is consistent with the 10–10-system. High-density scalp EEG arrays (64–256 electrodes) allow source imaging with even sub-lobar precision. This supplementary exam should be requested whenever necessary, e.g. search for epileptogenic activity in negative standard EEG or for presurgical evaluation. In the near future, nomenclature for high density electrodes arrays beyond the 10–10 system needs to be defined, to allow comparison and standardized recordings across centers. Contrary to the established belief that smaller heads needs less electrodes, in young children at least as many electrodes as in adults should be applied due to smaller skull thickness and the risk of spatial aliasing.
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•Nanocellulose-graphene-based materials used for supercapacitors are reviewed.•Design of different types of nanocellulose-graphene flexible supercapacitor electrode.•Broaden the ...application of nanocellulose-graphene in flexible energy storage devices.
With the increasing consumption of global fossil energy and environmental pollution, the development of green renewable energy and efficient energy storage technology become an urgent problem to solve. Supercapacitors have drawn a great interest for use in wearable electronic devices due to their portability and stable performance. The electrode is very important when preparing a high-performance flexible supercapacitor, which requires good electrochemical performance and flexibility. Graphene and nanocellulose are excellent flexible electrode material for supercapacitors, and nanocellulose is often used as a substrate material for electronic devices because of its good biodegradability, mechanical flexibility and chemical reactivity. In this work, the structure design and assembly method of the nanocellulose-graphene composite materials used for flexible supercapacitors are reviewed. The mechanical flexibility, specific capacitance, electrochemical performance, cyclic stability, renewability and biodegradability are taken into account, so as to evaluate the performance of the composite materials and to better assess the merits of this material with respect to real applications.
Objective. In electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, the signal of each recording electrode is contrasted with a reference electrode or a combination of electrodes. The estimation of a neutral ...reference is a long-standing issue in EEG data analysis, which has motivated the proposal of different re-referencing methods, among which linked-mastoid re-referencing (LMR), average re-referencing (AR) and reference electrode standardization technique (REST). In this study we quantitatively assessed the extent to which the use of a high-density montage and a realistic head model can impact on the optimal estimation of a neutral reference for EEG recordings. Approach. Using simulated recordings generated by projecting specific source activity over the sensors, we assessed to what extent AR, REST and LMR may distort the scalp topography. We examined the impact electrode coverage has on AR and REST, and how accurate the REST reconstruction is for realistic and less realistic (three-layer and single-layer spherical) head models, and with possible uncertainty in the electrode positions. We assessed LMR, AR and REST also in the presence of typical EEG artifacts that are mixed in the recordings. Finally, we applied them to real EEG data collected in a target detection experiment to corroborate our findings on simulated data. Main results. Both AR and REST have relatively low reconstruction errors compared to LMR, and that REST is less sensitive than AR and LMR to artifacts mixed in the EEG data. For both AR and REST, high electrode density yields low re-referencing reconstruction errors. A realistic head model is critical for REST, leading to a more accurate estimate of a neutral reference compared to spherical head models. With a low-density montage, REST shows a more reliable reconstruction than AR either with a realistic or a three-layer spherical head model. Conversely, with a high-density montage AR yields better results unless precise information on electrode positions is available. Significance. Our study is the first to quantitatively assess the performance of EEG re-referencing techniques in relation to the use of a high-density montage and a realistic head model. We hope our study will help researchers in the choice of the most effective re-referencing approach for their EEG studies.
Assemblies of metal oxide nanowires in 3D stacks can enable the realization of nanodevices with tailored conductivity, porous structure and a high surface area. Current fabrication methods require ...complicated multistep procedures that involve the initial preparation of nanowires followed by manual assembly or transfer printing, and thus lack synthesis flexibility and controllability. Here we report a general synthetic orthogonal assembly approach to controllably construct 3D multilayer-crossed metal oxide nanowire arrays. Taking tungsten oxide semiconducting nanowires as an example, we show the spontaneous orthogonal packing of composite nanorods of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene and silicotungstic acid; the following calcination gives rise to 3D cross-stacked nanowire arrays of Si-doped metastable ε-phase WO
. This nanowire stack framework was also tested as a gas detector for the selective sensing of acetone. By using other polyoxometallates, this fabrication method for woodpile-like 3D nanostructures can also be generalized to different doped metal oxide nanowires, which provides a way to manipulate their physical properties for various applications.
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