Objective
To assess the efficacy of two different passive back-support exoskeleton (BSE) designs, in terms of trunk muscle activity, perceived low-back exertion, and task performance.
Background
BSEs ...have the potential to be an effective intervention for reducing low-back physical demands, yet little is known about the impacts of different designs in work scenarios requiring varying degrees of symmetric and asymmetric trunk bending during manual assembly tasks.
Method
Eighteen participants (gender balanced) completed lab-based simulations of a precision manual assembly task using a “grooved pegboard.” This was done in 26 different conditions (20 unsupported; 6 supported, via a chair), which differed in vertical height, horizontal distance, and orientation.
Results
Using both BSEs reduced metrics of trunk muscle activity in many task conditions (≤47% reductions when using BackX™ and ≤24% reductions when using Laevo™). Such reductions, though, were more pronounced in the conditions closer to the mid-sagittal plane and differed between the two BSEs tested. Minimal effects on task completion times or ratings of perceived exertion were found for both BSEs.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that using passive BSEs can be beneficial for quasi-static manual assembly tasks, yet their beneficial effects can be task specific and specific to BSE design approaches. Further work is needed, though, to better characterize this task specificity and to assess the generalizability of different BSE design approaches in terms of physical demands, perceived exertion, and task performance.
Application
These results can help guide the choice and application of passive BSE designs for diverse work scenarios involving nonneutral trunk postures.
•EEG source imaging (ESI) solutions obtained from a targeted density montage are similar to the ones calculated from a high-density montage.•This targeted density montage will alleviate HD-EEG’s time ...and resource demand, making ESI more accessible to epilepsy centers.•Tangentially oriented foci show a statistically significant higher distance than radially oriented foci.
High-density (HD) electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly used in presurgical epilepsy evaluation, but it is demanding in time and resources. To overcome these issues, we compared EEG source imaging (ESI) solutions with a targeted density and HD-EEG montage.
HD-EEGs from patients undergoing presurgical evaluation were analyzed. A low-density recording was created by selecting the 25 electrodes of a standard montage from the 83 electrodes of the HD-EEG and adding 8–11 electrodes around the electrode with the highest amplitude interictal epileptiform discharges. The ESI solution from this “targeted” montage was compared to that from the HD-EEG using the distance between peak vertices, sublobar concordance and a qualitative similarity measure.
Fifty-eight foci of forty-three patients were included. The median distance between the peak vertices of the two montages was 13.2 mm, irrespective of focus’ location. Tangential generators (n = 5/58) showed a higher distance than radial generators (p = 0.04). We found sublobar concordance in 54/58 of the foci (93%). Map similarity, assessed by an epileptologist, had a median score of 4/5.
ESI solutions obtained from a targeted density montage show high concordance with those calculated from HD-EEG.
Requiring significantly fewer electrodes, targeted density EEG allows obtaining similar ESI solutions as traditional HD-EEG montage.
Le Livre des Passages répond à l'insatisfaction de Walter Benjamin envers la forme du livre, tout en remettant en question le concept d'« œuvre » close, à savoir ses exigences d'unité, de linéarité ...et d'autonomie. Ce projet inachevé devient le lieu d'une expérimentation définissable en tant qu'hypertextuel, en réalisant une convergence avec son objet d'étude : la métropole en tant que plateforme expressive et communicative implique une réinvention de la méthode. Le regard du penseur allemand brise les règles de la tradition académique faisant sien l'œil du medium qui détruit la perspective naturaliste par l'extension photographique de l'œil. Les propriétés médiales de la photographie deviennent une lentille et un diaphragme pour le chercheur, une sorte de regard latéral et poreux sur la multiplicité de la métropole, ou encore une ouverture à l'enregistrement de la différence, une nouvelle façon de vivre et de repenser la réalité.
Recently, human-centered design has become one of the most promising approaches for improving the entire production process design. During the design phase, among the main important aspects to ...investigate, ergonomic performance of the workplace (WP) plays a key role. It is well known that design errors can lead to significant delays in the design and engineering of a production process, especially when it is related to a complex system such as the assembly line of an automotive industry. Prediction of the ergonomic performance, which is often coarsely considered during the design phase, can represent a fundamental step in preventing ergonomic issues since the early design phase of a production process, avoiding also negative consequences on line balancing. Based on a concurrent engineering (CE) approach, the aim of this paper is to present a framework that uses digital twins of stations in order to minimise the time necessary to develop and design a new assembly line. The application of this procedure will allow avoiding the possibility of realising a line that reveals ergonomic problems and correcting design errors during the design phase and not just during the production phase. In this way, it is possible to achieve great advantages in terms of cost avoidance for the correction of the design errors and in terms of time to market, which will be significantly reduced. A digital twin of a real station of a Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) assembly line is presented to validate the numerical procedure and the design approach proposed in this paper. Finally, numerical results, regarding the evaluation of an ergonomic index, were compared with experimental ones achieved by analysing data collected during an experimental session.
•Digital twins for production line design.•Numerical model for evaluating the ergonomic performance of the work-place.•Design framework to reduce the time to market.
RESUMO O artigo elege a “juste image” de Godard para uma revisita crítica à tese da irrepresentabilidade da Shoah. Nesse caminho, faz o reconhecimento de uma arte da dor godardiana e da montagem em ...catástrofe aí envolvida para suspeitar dos argumentos, principalmente cinematográficos, que amparam a referida tese. Quer-se mostrar sua transigência em relação à palavra, donde a importância que dá às literaturas ditas do Testemunho, e sua redução a uma iconoclastia supersticiosa, a ser considerada datada. Juntamente com a referência elegante da obra crítica de Godard e dos trabalhos de Georges Didi-Huberman sobre o cineasta, a arguição tem por horizonte teórico os clássicos apontamentos do impasse de linguagem das artes tardias.
RÉSUMÉ L'article élit la « juste image » de Godard pour une nouvelle critique de la thèse de l'irreprésentabilité de la Shoah. De cette façon, il reconnaît un art de la douleur godardienne et le montage en catastrophe y impliqué pour soupçonner les arguments, principalement cinématographiques, qui soutiennent cette thèse. Nous voulons montrer son compromis par rapport au mot, d'où l'accent mis sur la littérature dite du Témoin, et sa réduction à un iconoclasme superstitieux, qui semble pouvoir être considéré comme daté. Associé à l'élégante référence de l'œuvre critique de Godard et de l'œuvre de Georges Didi-Huberman sur le cinéaste, l'argument a pour horizon théorique les notes classiques de l'impasse linguistique des arts tardifs.
ABSTRACT The present article chooses Godard's “juste image” for a critical revisit to the thesis of Shoah's irrepresentability. In this way, the article recognizes a Godardian art of pain and the montage en catastrophe there involved to cast doubt on the mainly cinematographic arguments, which support the above-mentioned thesis. The objective is to underline this thesis’s yielding to the word, hence its focus on the so-called Testimonial literature, and its reduction to a superstitious iconoclasm, which is to be considered dated. Together with the elegant reference of Godard's critical work and Georges Didi-Huberman's work about the filmmaker, the argument has, as its theoretical background, the classic notes of the language impasse of the late arts.
Spacetimeunconscious Secor, Anna J.
Dialogues in human geography,
07/2023
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article argues for an understanding of material geographies as invested with an unconscious dimension. I put forward the notion of spacetimeunconscious not as an inverse, double, or ‘other’ to ...Karen Barad's concept of spacetimematter, but as a supplement. Manifesting the spacetimeunconscious through the technique of montage, I draw together a range of phenomena, from the icing of water and the flashing of lightning to the awakenings of traumatised and displaced subjects. Across these juxtaposed parts, I argue that the unfolding of space and time responds to the enigmatic, irreducible message of the unconscious in the real. Spacetimeunconscious arrives as the ambassador of an unknown knowledge remembered for – or in the place of – a forgetful substance: water, dreamer, or electron. In an echo of the analytic method, I use montage to create generative connections, discontinuities, and instabilities between events, poetry, literature, and film, in the interstices of which the spacetimeunconscious may make an appearance.
The genre of documentary films, though closely related with factuality is often a medium that represents an alternative way to articulate the voices which borders on margins. S. Sukhdev’s Nine months ...to Freedom: The Story of Bangladesh (1971) and Pramod Pati’s Explorer (1968) belong to a selected category of documentary films which presents a divergence in representing the subject as well as the cinematic technique. This paper focuses on a close analysis of the selected films and attempts to highlight the dissent at multiple levels such as representation of the subject and the use of cinematic technique in the representation of the subject. The films selected for the study belongs to two different genres. Nine Months to Freedom resembles a political documentary; Explorer is an experimental film with plethora of subjects. Through the help of Clifford Geertz’s ‘Thick Description’ the paper attempts to study dissent and dialogue in the film through the help of cinematic apparatus.
Movement, Action, Image, Montage: Sergei Einstein and the Cinema in Crisis, by Luka Arsenjuk, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2018, 280 pp., 104 b. & w. illus., hardback, $108. Montage ...and the Metropolis: Architecture, Modernity and the Representation of Space, by Martino Stierli, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018, 320 pp., 72 col. and 85 b. & w. illus., hardback, $60
L’article étudie comment le concept d’Appareil proposé par Jean-Louis Déotte pourrait s’éclairer du travail de Dziga Vertov, qui opta pour une approche réflexive, aussi pratique que théorique, de ...l’art cinématographique. En effet, les films de Vertov sont les premiers à avoir exhibé le cinéma en son dispositif, exploré son esthétique vibrionnante, réfléchi sur son impact politique et tenté de montrer la vérité de l’homme contemporain. Vertov faisait du cinéma documentaire comme un militant, un militant du cinéma-vérité et de la fabrique des faits fondés sur la connaissance, l’expérimentation et l’apparition de son médium de prédilection, à savoir les images cinématographiques d’archive.
Since the very origins of the medium, the display strategies, the exhibiting venues, and the selection of pictures underpinning photographic exhibitions have mirrored and at the same time redefined ...precise ideologies about photography. Against this background, this paper discusses two exhibitions presented in Germany between 1920 and 1929 – namely, the Erste Internationale Dada-Messe and Film und Foto –, so as to highlight opposite approaches to the identity of photography as related to the system of contemporary art.
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