Wittgenstein famously remarked in 1923, "Darwin's theory has no more relevance for philosophy than any other hypothesis in natural science." Yet today we are witnessing a major revival of interest in ...applying evolutionary approaches to philosophical problems. Philosophy after Darwin is an anthology of essential writings covering the most influential ideas about the philosophical implications of Darwinism, from the publication of On the Origin of Species to today's cutting-edge research.Michael Ruse presents writings by leading modern thinkers and researchers--including some writings never before published-- together with the most important historical documents on Darwinism and philosophy, starting with Darwin himself. Included here are Herbert Spencer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Henry Huxley, G. E. Moore, John Dewey, Konrad Lorenz, Stephen Toulmin, Karl Popper, Edward O. Wilson, Hilary Putnam, Philip Kitcher, Elliott Sober, and Peter Singer. Readers will encounter some of the staunchest critics of the evolutionary approach, such as Alvin Plantinga, as well as revealing excerpts from works like Jack London's The Call of the Wild. Ruse's comprehensive general introduction and insightful section introductions put these writings in context and explain how they relate to such fields as epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and ethics.An invaluable anthology and sourcebook, Philosophy after Darwin traces philosophy's complicated relationship with Darwin's dangerous idea, and shows how this relationship reflects a broad movement toward a secular, more naturalistic understanding of the human experience.
This volume brings together Martha Nussbaum's published papers, some revised for this collection, on the relationship between literature and philosophy, especially moral philosophy. It also includes ...two new essays and a substantial Introduction. The papers, many of them previously not readily available to non-specialist readers, explore such fundamental issues as the relationship between style and content in the exploration of ethical questions; the nature of ethical attention and ethical knowledge and their relationship to written forms and style; and the role of the emotions in deliberation and self-knowledge. The author investigates and defends a conception of ethical understanding which involves emotional as well as intellectual activity, and which gives a certain type of priority to the perception of particular people and situations rather than to abstract rule.
Montreynaud se préoccupe aussi des hommes violents sexuellement, qui profitent de l'indulgence populaire, alors que le trop grand désir éprouvé par certaines femmes est associé à la nymphomanie, ...qualifiée de trouble mental. Montreynaud invite également à choisir les mots pertinents pour parler des violences sexuelles masculines puisque les termes employés « contribuent à façonner un monde de justice et d'égalité » (p. 117). Enfin, Montreynaud considère que « le seul coupable, c'est l'agresseur » et qu'il faut le désigner comme tel, car c'est « l'unique moyen de faire évoluer les mentalités » (p. 131). Enfin, l'autrice croit que les femmes doivent avoir une très grande force intérieure pour départager l'estime de soi de l'opinion d'autrui et pour argumenter contre les injonctions machistes de l'environnement familial et social (p. 160).
Ethical Life Keane, Webb
2015, 2015., 20151006, 2015-10-02
eBook
The human propensity to take an ethical stance toward oneself and others is found in every known society, yet we also know that values taken for granted in one society can contradict those in ...another. Does ethical life arise from human nature itself? Is it a universal human trait? Or is it a product of one's cultural and historical context? Webb Keane offers a new approach to the empirical study of ethical life that reconciles these questions, showing how ethics arise at the intersection of human biology and social dynamics.
Drawing on the latest findings in psychology, conversational interaction, ethnography, and history,Ethical Lifetakes readers from inner city America to Samoa and the Inuit Arctic to reveal how we are creatures of our biology as well as our history-and how our ethical lives are contingent on both. Keane looks at Melanesian theories of mind and the training of Buddhist monks, and discusses important social causes such as the British abolitionist movement and American feminism. He explores how styles of child rearing, notions of the person, and moral codes in different communities elaborate on certain basic human tendencies while suppressing or ignoring others.
Certain to provoke debate,Ethical Lifepresents an entirely new way of thinking about ethics, morals, and the factors that shape them.
Traditionally, scholars have approached Roman sexuality using categories of sexual ethics drawn from contemporary, Western society. In this 2006 book Dr Langlands seeks to move away from these ...towards a deeper understanding of the issues that mattered to the Romans themselves, and the ways in which they negotiated them, by focusing on the untranslatable concept of pudicitia (broadly meaning 'sexual virtue'). She offers a series of nuanced close readings of texts from a wide spectrum of Latin literature, including history, oratory, love poetry and Valerius Maximus' work Memorable Deeds and Sayings. Pudicitia emerges as a controversial and unsettled topic, at the heart of Roman debates about the difference between men and women, the relation between mind and body, and the ethics of power and status differentiation within Roman culture. The book develops strategies for approaching the study of an ancient culture through sensitive critical readings of its literary productions.
Nella conferenza di Lima del 1949, Ernesto Nathan Rogers affiancava al principio dell'"Architettura e un'Arte" le istanze di una dimensione sociale della medesima: «LAlberti, nella estrema precisione ...del suo pensiero, ci ammonisce che l'idea deve essere tradotta in opere e che queste debbono avere un fine pratico e morale per adattarsi armonicamente "allo uso delli uomini" e vorrei far notare il plurale di "uomini", societa. Ernesto Nathan Rogers, che esibi la Torre Velasca, e Giancarlo De Carlo, che mostro una casa a Matera nel quartiere Spine Bianche, furono apertamente criticati in quanto nelle loro opere non pareva piu riconoscersi alcun principio sancito dai CIAM, e il progetto di De Carlo identificava la rottura con un consolidato metodo di progettare e realizzare a Matera. L'architetto non puo ignorare che il fare dell'archi- tettura non si esaurisce per mezzo di una dinamica implosiva, bensi e chiamato a confrontarsi con le molteplici declinazioni che l'atto cognitivo del progetto medesimo implica, chiamando in causa una teoria di discipline che, in misura e con logiche differenti, propongono il loro significativo contributo alla formazione del progetto e dellopera. La minaccia di un cortocircuito derivante da un disquisire che supera il fare, unitamente a un'omologazione tesa al dominio dell'edilizia sull'architettura, riprendendo ancora il discorso "rogersiano", hanno la possibility di trovare un'ancora di salvataggio gettata attraverso il tentativo di fondere in modo equilibrato la ricerca figurativa con la tecnología in scia al sempre attuale esempio del Bauhaus o emulando il pensiero di taluni maestri dell'architettura moderna italiana operanti in quel dopoguerra sinonimo di ricostruzione fisica e al contempo morale.
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