This textbook discussing morphology and its processes within a general framework that will incorporate the most recent developments in the field, but also in their relation with syntax, lexical ...semantics and phonology. It pays particular attention to the debate between lexicalism and constructionism, and provides open activities designed to help students start their own original research and stimulate their own thinking over the morphology of their languages beyond what is usually described in published works.
This approach is particularly important because many textbooks ignore some of the most recent developments in syntax when it comes to defining the place of morphology and the lexicon in the architecture of grammar or to providing evidence about the existence of morphology as an independent module. This textbook discusses developments in Construction Grammar and in the Minimalist Program which have helped reframe the discussion about the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis and related issues.
By presenting the latest theories and highlighting the current challenges in morphology, upper level undergraduate and postgraduate students will find this textbook an invigorating and inspiring resource.
What is linguistic morphology?. 1. Morphology: basic notions. 2. Morphological analysis. Word formation. 3. Derivation. 4. Compounding. Inflection. 5. Inflection. 6. Inflectional systems. Interfaces. ...7. The interface between morphology and phonology. 8. Morphology and syntax: demarcation, interaction and interface. 9. Morphology and semantics. Morphology and mind. 10. Morphology and psycholinguistics. 11. Morphology and language change. References. Language index. Subject index.
Multicolor photoluminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a uniform size of ∼60 nm diameter and 2–3 nm thickness were prepared by using unsubstituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene as the carbon ...source. This result offers a new strategy to fabricate monodispersed GQDs with well-defined morphology.
The selection of an appropriate non-hazardous solvent or solvent system is essential to determine the rheological properties and electrospinnability of the solution, the productivity, and the ...morphology of nanofibres. In this study, poly lactic acid (PLA) solutions were prepared in various pure solvents and binary-solvent systems to investigate the effect of different solution properties on nanofibre morphology and diameter. Viscosity, conductivity and surface tension of each solution were measured. Nanofibre morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Of all the solvent systems used acetone/dimethylformamide gave the highest fibre productivity and finest defect-free nanofibres. Therefore this solvent system was studied in more detail, varying the solvent ratio. Also the polymer concentration in this solvent system was varied to investigate the effect on nanofibre morphology and solution properties. Morphological investigations were done in correlation with rheological measurements: beaded nanofibrous structures were collected from solutions with concentration around the critical chain entanglement concentration (Ce), while defect-free nanofibres were produced when the concentration was increased to about twice the entanglement concentration. Further investigation of the effect of the PLA concentration on the elastic (G′) and the plastic (G″) moduli showed a sudden increase of the elastic moduli (G′) at the critical chain entanglement concentration. The results showed that the solvent properties, boiling point, viscosity, conductivity and surface tension, have a significant effect on process productivity, morphology and diameter distribution of the PLA nanofibres.
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•Acetone/dimethylformamide as new suitable solvent system for PLA nanofibres.•Solvent boiling point exerts a strong effect on nanofibre morphology and diameter.•Relationship C–η was weaker for the unentangled regime compared to other results.•Relationship C–η was in agreement for the entangled regime.
Polymersolarzellen mit Heteroübergangsarchitektur (“bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cell”, BHJ‐PSC) wurden zwei Jahrzehnte lang vor allem auf solche Materialmischungen hin untersucht, bei denen der ...Elektronendonor ein Polymer und der Elektronenakzeptor ein Fulleren ist. Dies änderte sich erst in neuerer Zeit mit der Einführung von PSCs ohne Fullerenakzeptor. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit haben sich diese fullerenfreien PSCs rasant weiterentwickelt. Fullerenfreie BHJ‐PSCs erreichen mittlerweile einen weit höheren Wirkungsgrad von über 15 % als die effizientesten Fulleren‐PSCs. Vor allem die reinen Polymersolarzellen (“all‐polymer solar cells”, APSCs), bei denen der Heteroübergang aus einem Polymer als Donor und einem Polymer als Akzeptor gebildet wird, finden steigendes Interesse. Sie bieten: 1) eine einstellbare hohe Lichtabsorption durch das Polymer‐Donor/Polymer‐Akzeptor‐Paar; 2) robuste Morphologien des BHJ‐Films; 3) Kompatibilität mit großformatiger und großflächiger Fertigung; 4) eine gute Langzeitstabilität der Zelle gegenüber Umwelt‐ und mechanischer Beanspruchung. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt die Möglichkeiten und Chancen der APSCs. Er zeigt auf, welche Polymere sich als Bauelemente eignen und wie sich deren Leistungsfähigkeit noch weiter optimieren lässt. Herausforderungen, die für kommerzielle Anwendungen weiter bestehen, werden ebenfalls erörtert.
APSCs bieten alles: Rationaler Aufbau und verbesserte Morphologie bei gleichzeitig hoher Absorption und Stabilität machen Polymersolarzellen (APSCs) zu einer hochinteressanten Technologie. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt die Möglichkeiten und Chancen der APSCs. Er zeigt auf, welche Polymere sich als Bauelemente eignen und wie sich deren Leistungsfähigkeit noch weiter optimieren lässt. Herausforderungen, die für kommerzielle Anwendungen weiter bestehen, werden ebenfalls erörtert.
How do learners and speakers make sense of their language and make their language make sense?
Is it dived or dove? Dwarfs or dwarves? If the best students aced the test, did the pretty good students ...beece it? You've probably often pondered such questions yourself, but did you know that similar questions have inspired some of the most important advances in our understanding not only of how languages change but also of how children acquire grammar and how the human mind works?
This book is designed to help readers make sense of morphological change and, more generally, of the concept of analogy and its role in language and in human cognition. With a critical look at the past 150 years of linguistic work on analogical change, David Fertig brings clarity to a field rife with terminological and theoretical confusion.
Key featuresExplains traditional and modern approaches to analogical changeIllustrates the relevance of analogy to current linguistic and psycholinguistic theoryExplores the many ways that covert reanalysis can reshape grammatical systems
Résumé : Cette étude décrit les concepts du développement durable en koulango. En effet, depuis des décennies, tous les pays du monde, singulièrement ceux de l’Afrique, aspirent à un développement ...tant humain qu’économique. A ce titre, chaque pays définit un programme de développement lié au besoin de la communauté. Pour y parvenir, ce programme prend en compte les questions de l’environnement et du bien-être social. Ainsi, il a été prescrit des principes de base qui tiennent compte du respect du cadre de vie communautaire. Ces principes se traduisent en objectif que chaque état se doit de promouvoir. Pour ce fait, la question principale réside dans le choix de mots rendant compte des concepts relatifs au développement durable. A partir de la traduction et de la transcription, cette étude met en exergue les procédés et les mécanismes de l’expression de ces concepts en koulango.
Die empirische, auf qualitative oder quantitative Korpusanalyse gestützte Beschreibung von geschriebener und gesprochener Sprache hat sich in der Sprachwissenschaft als zentrales Paradigma etabliert. ...Die Reihe bietet eine Plattform für synchron-linguistische Ansätze und interdisziplinäre Arbeiten mit linguistischem Schwerpunkt, die innovative Wege empirischen Arbeitens aufzeigen und neue Methoden und Modelle anhand von Datenmaterial entwickeln.
Organometal trihalide perovskite based solar cells have exhibited the highest efficiencies to‐date when incorporated into mesostructured composites. However, thin solid films of a perovskite absorber ...should be capable of operating at the highest efficiency in a simple planar heterojunction configuration. Here, it is shown that film morphology is a critical issue in planar heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx solar cells. The morphology is carefully controlled by varying processing conditions, and it is demonstrated that the highest photocurrents are attainable only with the highest perovskite surface coverages. With optimized solution based film formation, power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.4% are achieved, the first report of efficiencies above 10% in fully thin‐film solution processed perovskite solar cells with no mesoporous layer.
The critical role of perovskite morphology in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells is probed and understood. Dewetting of perovskite films is minimized, to achieve uniform 100% coverage perovskite layers. Solution cast planar heterojunction solar cells with efficiencies of up to 11.4% are fabricated, a new record for such cells with no mesoporous layer.
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