Highlights
Bottlenecks in the field of thermally conductive polymer composites are raised, and corresponding reasons are analysed.
Three possible directions for breaking through such bottlenecks are ...put forward, and current advances in these three directions are illustrated.
Future development trends and demands are foreseen to help the development of thermally conductive polymers and their composites.
Rapid development of energy, electrical and electronic technologies has put forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivities of polymers and their composites. However, the thermal conductivity coefficient (
λ
) values of prepared thermally conductive polymer composites are still difficult to achieve expectations, which has become the bottleneck in the fields of thermally conductive polymer composites. Aimed at that, based on the accumulation of the previous research works by related researchers and our research group, this paper proposes three possible directions for breaking through the bottlenecks: (1) preparing and synthesizing intrinsically thermally conductive polymers, (2) reducing the interfacial thermal resistance in thermally conductive polymer composites, and (3) establishing suitable thermal conduction models and studying inner thermal conduction mechanism to guide experimental optimization. Also, the future development trends of the three above-mentioned directions are foreseen, hoping to provide certain basis and guidance for the preparation, researches and development of thermally conductive polymers and their composites.
Nanotechnology‐based cancer treatment approaches potentially provide localized, targeted therapies that aim to enhance efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve patient quality of life. ...Gold‐nanoparticle‐mediated hyperthermia shows particular promise in animal studies, and early clinical testing is currently underway. In this article, the rapidly evolving field of gold nanoparticle thermal therapy is reviewed, highlighting recent literature and describing current challenges to clinical translation of the technology.
Gold‐nanoparticle‐mediated thermal therapies represent a promising technology for clinical cancer applications. To treat murine tumors in vivo, gold nanoparticles are intravenously injected, allowed to accumulate in the tumor, and irradiated with an energy source such as near‐infrared laser light to thermally ablate the tumor. This review highlights recent literature in the field of gold‐nanoparticle‐mediated thermal therapies.
Ultrastrong adhesion of graphene membranes Koenig, Steven P; Boddeti, Narasimha G; Dunn, Martin L ...
Nature nanotechnology,
2011-Aug-14, Letnik:
6, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
As mechanical structures enter the nanoscale regime, the influence of van der Waals forces increases. Graphene is attractive for nanomechanical systems because its Young's modulus and strength are ...both intrinsically high, but the mechanical behaviour of graphene is also strongly influenced by the van der Waals force. For example, this force clamps graphene samples to substrates, and also holds together the individual graphene sheets in multilayer samples. Here we use a pressurized blister test to directly measure the adhesion energy of graphene sheets with a silicon oxide substrate. We find an adhesion energy of 0.45±0.02 J m(-2) for monolayer graphene and 0.31±0.03 J m(-2) for samples containing two to five graphene sheets. These values are larger than the adhesion energies measured in typical micromechanical structures and are comparable to solid-liquid adhesion energies. We attribute this to the extreme flexibility of graphene, which allows it to conform to the topography of even the smoothest substrates, thus making its interaction with the substrate more liquid-like than solid-like.
Highlights
This review gives a thinking based on the generic mechanisms rather than simply dividing them as different types of combination of materials, which is unique and valuable for understanding ...and developing the novel hybrid materials in the future.
The hybrid materials, their sensing mechanism, and their applications are systematically reviewed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are also discussed.
Chemi-resistive sensors based on hybrid functional materials are promising candidates for gas sensing with high responsivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, great stability/repeatability, room-working temperature, low cost, and easy-to-fabricate, for versatile applications. This progress report reviews the advantages and advances of these sensing structures compared with the single constituent, according to five main sensing forms: manipulating/constructing heterojunctions, catalytic reaction, charge transfer, charge carrier transport, molecular binding/sieving, and their combinations. Promises and challenges of the advances of each form are presented and discussed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are discussed.
The ability to detect light over a broad spectral range is central to several technological applications in imaging, sensing, spectroscopy and communication. Graphene is a promising candidate ...material for ultra-broadband photodetectors, as its absorption spectrum covers the entire ultraviolet to far-infrared range. However, the responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors has so far been limited to tens of mA W(-1) (refs 5-10) due to the small optical absorption of a monolayer of carbon atoms. Integration of colloidal quantum dots in the light absorption layer can improve the responsivity of graphene photodetectors to ∼ 1 × 10(7) A W(-1) (ref. 11), but the spectral range of photodetection is reduced because light absorption occurs in the quantum dots. Here, we report an ultra-broadband photodetector design based on a graphene double-layer heterostructure. The detector is a phototransistor consisting of a pair of stacked graphene monolayers (top layer, gate; bottom layer, channel) separated by a thin tunnel barrier. Under optical illumination, photoexcited hot carriers generated in the top layer tunnel into the bottom layer, leading to a charge build-up on the gate and a strong photogating effect on the channel conductance. The devices demonstrated room-temperature photodetection from the visible to the mid-infrared range, with mid-infrared responsivity higher than 1 A W(-1), as required by most applications. These results address key challenges for broadband infrared detectors, and are promising for the development of graphene-based hot-carrier optoelectronic applications.
The significance of nanoparticles (NPs) in technological advancements is due to their adaptable characteristics and enhanced performance over their parent material. They are frequently synthesized by ...reducing metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles using hazardous reducing agents. However, there have been several initiatives in recent years to create green technology that uses natural resources instead of dangerous chemicals to produce nanoparticles. In green synthesis, biological methods are used for the synthesis of NPs because biological methods are eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, uncomplicated, and highly productive. Numerous biological organisms, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, yeast, and plants, are used for the green synthesis of NPs. Additionally, this paper will discuss nanoparticles, including their types, traits, synthesis methods, applications, and prospects.
The emergence of high-mobility, colloidal semiconductor quantum dot (QD) solids has triggered fundamental studies that map the evolution from carrier hopping through localized quantum-confined states ...to band-like charge transport in delocalized and hybridized states of strongly coupled QD solids, in analogy with the construction of solids from atoms. Increased coupling in QD solids has led to record-breaking performance in QD devices, such as electronic transistors and circuitry, optoelectronic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices and photodetectors, and thermoelectric devices. Here, we review the advances in synthesis, assembly, ligand treatments and doping that have enabled high-mobility QD solids, as well as the experiments and theory that depict band-like transport in the QD solid state. We also present recent QD devices and discuss future prospects for QD materials and device design.
How We Make DNA Origami Wagenbauer, Klaus F; Engelhardt, Floris A S; Stahl, Evi ...
Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology,
October 5, 2017, Letnik:
18, Številka:
19
Journal Article
Recenzirano
DNA origami has attracted substantial attention since its invention ten years ago, due to the seemingly infinite possibilities that it affords for creating customized nanoscale objects. Although the ...basic concept of DNA origami is easy to understand, using custom DNA origami in practical applications requires detailed know-how for designing and producing the particles with sufficient quality and for preparing them at appropriate concentrations with the necessary degree of purity in custom environments. Such know-how is not readily available for newcomers to the field, thus slowing down the rate at which new applications outside the field of DNA nanotechnology may emerge. To foster faster progress, we share in this article the experience in making and preparing DNA origami that we have accumulated over recent years. We discuss design solutions for creating advanced structural motifs including corners and various types of hinges that expand the design space for the more rigid multilayer DNA origami and provide guidelines for preventing undesired aggregation and on how to induce specific oligomerization of multiple DNA origami building blocks. In addition, we provide detailed protocols and discuss the expected results for five key methods that allow efficient and damage-free preparation of DNA origami. These methods are agarose-gel purification, filtration through molecular cut-off membranes, PEG precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography, and ultracentrifugation-based sedimentation. The guide for creating advanced design motifs and the detailed protocols with their experimental characterization that we describe here should lower the barrier for researchers to accomplish the full DNA origami production workflow.
Rose bengal (RB)-loaded upconverting nanocomposites are synthesized as a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive inhibitor of Abeta aggregation. Rattle-structured, organosilica shell (ROS) is deposited on ...NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals (UCNPs) for high loading efficiency and disaggregation of RB. RB/UCNP@ROS successfully inhibits Abeta self-assembly under NIR irradiation by generating 1O2. Furthermore, photoexcited RB/UCNP@ROS is effective in suppressing Abeta-induced cytotoxicity.
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