This data article provides an extensive and complete description of the colorants and dyes identified in fibre samples taken from the historical textiles that were described in the article "Universal ...analytical method for characterization of yellow and related natural dyes in liturgical vestments from Krakow” by K. Lech 1. Natural organic dyes, for centuries used to dye fibres, contain usually from a few to several dyeing compounds. The correct identification of the dye requires at first the identification of their colouring components using sensitive and selective analytical techniques. One of this technique is high-performance liquid chromatography combined with spectrophotometric detection and detection using tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-UV-Vis-ESI MS/MS). The HPLC-UV-Vis-ESI MS/MS protocol was used to identify natural dyes present in 89 yellow, orange, brown and green fibres taken from 15th- to 17th-century silk textiles used in vestments belonging to the collections of seventeen churches in Krakow, Poland.
Most of the natural dyes require mordants for their fixation on textile materials. Natural mordants are thus gaining importance in order to get complete-natural dyeing. In the present work, natural ...dyes and mordants were extracted using conventional and ultrasound methods and comparative studies were made. The natural mordants namely harda and tamarind seed coat and natural dyes like turmeric, henna were extracted using conventional and ultrasound approaches and various extracts obtained were described in terms of their optical densities. In order to verify the extraction efficiencies, wool fabrics were dyed with extracts of various combinations of mordants/dyes and dyed fabrics were evaluated for their colour strengths and fastness properties. The extent of colour extraction was higher in case of ultrasound assisted extraction as compared to that of conventional method. The fabrics dyed using extracts of ultrasound method showed higher colour values as compared to those dyed using extracts from conventional methods thus confirming ultrasound as more efficient method of extraction.
Use of enzymes in different parts of textile finishing processes has become popular, and several enzymes have been introduced into the textile industry. This study aimed to carry out the whole fabric ...pretreatment process in a single bath containing different enzymes. Ultrasonic cavitation was also tested to show its effect on enzyme-based finishing of cotton fabric. After optimization of the enzyme-based ultrasound-aided finishing, the fabrics were also colored in the same bath using natural dyes of pomegranate peel, nutshell, orange tree leaf, and alkanet root. Finally, it was observed that ultrasound-aided biopreparation of cotton fabric could provide sufficient pretreatment results. Coloration of these fabrics could be achieved with the use of natural dyes in the same bath as biopreparation.
Natural dyes play an important role in sustainable dyeing processes. However, natural yellow dyes with good performance are rare. Traditional natural yellow dyes have issues, such as a narrow color ...range and poor light fastness. In this paper, a new natural yellow dye was extracted from a low-cost herb Geranium caespitosum L. (G. caespitosum). In addition, the dye composition was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The dyeing process of G. caespitosum dye on wool fabrics was optimized using single-factor experiments. Standard fastness tests were conducted to evaluate the sunlight, washing, and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics. The color characteristics and color gamut range of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. The obtained colors were compared and assessed with Pantone Matching Systems and Chinese traditional colors. The results showed that phenolic acids and flavonoids were present in the G. caespitosum dye solution as yellow dye compounds. The best dyeing process for wool fabrics was meta-mordanting. The dyed fabrics were bright yellow at 60 °C and golden yellow at 90 °C. All the obtained colors were in the yellow-red range. According to the ISO color fastness standards, wool fabrics dyed with G. caespitosum dye had good color fastness ratings, particularly sunlight fastness. Therefore, G. caespitosum dye is a promising natural yellow dye that can be used for wool fabric dyeing. It has advantages over other known natural yellow dyes and has certain application value.
New highly photoconductive hybrid multi-layer semiconductors have been developed, comprising cathodically electrodeposited CdSe or
Zn
x
Cd
1
-
x
Se
thin films and natural photosynthetic pigments, ...isolated from spinach. A layer of the organic dye, Chlorophyll
α
or Carotenes, is either deposited by spin coating technique over an inorganic thin film (two-layer structures) or ‘sandwiched’ between two inorganic semiconductive films (three-layer structures). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, diffused reflectance spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical studies are employed, in order to fully characterize the received products. In the case of the three-layer hybrids, a significantly enhanced photo-response is observed, leading up to 300% improved photoelectrochemical efficiency values, compared to that of the pure inorganic films. This amelioration, stemming from the synergetic action of hybrids’ components, is more prominent in the case of
Zn
x
Cd
1
-
x
Se
systems, where a significant amount of Cd has been substituted by Zn: therefore, Zn are considered environmentally friendlier alternatives to pure CdSe-based semiconductors.
Azo dyes are synthetic organic dyes which have azo group (-N=N-) as chromophore. Waste of azo dyes have not been able to overcome completely so that requires solutions of natural dye. Raw material of ...natural dye can be obtained from Swietenia mahagoni. Natural dye can be extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The pupose of this research is to study the factor that influence UAE. Observed factor is influence of extraction temperature to the yield of natural dye. This research was conducted using ratio of material to solvent of 0.05 g/L with extraction time at 40 minute. Extraction temperature was observed at 30, 40, and 50oC. Ultrasonic wave that used for this research at 40 kHz. The result is increasing temperature will be allow the increasing trend of yield. The result indicate that there is about 9.2748% improvement in the yield of extract due to increasing extraction temperature from 30oC to 50oC
The current study reports on using ascorbic acid as a possible substitute for improving fastness properties of natural dyes. In the mordanting process, microwave energy, which is a part of the ...sustainable and ecological production approach, was used. Renewable natural dye source Candelariella reflexa, which is a genus of lichen, was obtained from the trunk of Pinus nigra. Mohair fiber was dyed with natural dye extracted from Candelariella reflexa by using a conventional method. Before dyeing, mohair fiber was subjected to the premordanted process with iron (III) chloride (FeCl
3
) using microwave energy. In order to determine the effect of mordanting process parameters on dyeing properties, the mordanting process was performed with different concentrations and durations. In the dyeing process, ascorbic acid was added at different concentrations in the dyeing bath to improve the light fastness of samples. After the dyeing process, spectrophotometric features, light, and rubbing and washing fastness of samples were investigated. The color strength, washing, light, and rubbing fastness of dyed mohair fiber improve slightly with the premordanting process and by adding ascorbic acid. The spectrophotometric measurement results show that color coordinates vary from the mordanting time and amount of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the use of microwave energy in the mordanting process leads to saving of energy and time. Besides, in this study, a machine learning-based model exploiting the artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for prediction of dyeing properties of mohair fiber dyed with natural dyes obtained from Candelariella reflexa. Experimental data obtained through various tests were first used to feed the proposed ANN, and then the trained ANN was validated and tested for the aim of prediction. The study results show that the proposed model can successfully predict most of the dyeing properties of mohair fiber. Therefore, this model can be used as an effective tool to estimate dyeing characteristics of mohair fiber.
The present study concerns the identification of nine thus-far unknown derivatives of carminic acid extracted from pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles dyed with American cochineal—these derivatives are ...not found in commercially available preparations of the dye. These compounds probably represent a unique fingerprint of dyed textiles from this region, as they have never been reported to occur in other fabrics of historical value. They were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (phenyl column) and detected using a UV/vis spectrophotometer and two tandem mass spectrometers. Peaks observed in chromatograms registered at 450 and 500 nm were further identified by ESI QqQ MS (mainly in the negative ion mode), supported by high-resolution ESI QIT/ToF MS data. The characteristic fragmentation pathways of isolated carminic acid and its derivatives provided additional information concerning lost neutrals and thus the functional groups and substituents present in the parent molecules. This information mainly related to multiple cleavages of the hexoside moiety (initially cross-ring cleavage), which are characteristic of
C
-glucosides (loss of 90, 120, and 148 Da). This is accompanied by the elimination of H
2
O as well as the further loss of 60 Da from the hexoside moiety. Moreover, other losses from the carbonyl groups (44 Da from CO
2
loss, 62 Da from ethylene glycol loss, 32 Da from O
2
loss, 138 Da from hydroxybenzoic acid, and 120 Da from oxomethylene cyclohexadienone) provided more specific information about structures of the identified derivatives of carminic acid.
Traditional dyeing methods are practically forgotten in Poland. Józef Rostafiński included questions on the use of dyes in his ethnobotanical survey from 1883.
126 questionnaires contained ...information on dye plants. They were identified by the respondents using folk names or sometimes even Latin names. Folk names were analyzed by comparison with other literature. Several voucher specimens were also present.
74 plant taxa were identified to genus or species level. The most commonly used were: onion (
), brazilwood (
or
), winter corn (mainly rye
, black alder (
), safflower (
), apple (
), birch (
), oak (
), and violet flowering spring flowers (mainly
and
spp.).
Most species are well known in the literature about plant dyeing, but the paper provides extra details on the picture of dyeing traditions in Eastern Europe.
Plant materials which are available from farming regions in the moderate Austrian climate were investigated to serve as sources for natural dyes in textile dyeing operations. The extraction of the ...dye components from the plant materials was performed with boiling water without addition of chemicals or solvents. Based upon a rigorous selection of possible plant sources, a selection of natural dyestuffs applicable in a one-bath dyeing step was established. A broad variation in shade and color depth can be achieved by applying mixtures of natural dyestuffs in various combinations of iron- and alum-mordants. More than 60% of tested dyeings achieved acceptable fastness properties.
On the basis of the developed natural dyestuff-based dyeing procedures, a comparison was made between the effluents from processes based upon them and those based upon the current ‘state-of-the-art’ techniques utilizing synthetic dyes. The comparison revealed that a lowering of the chemical load released with waste water can be expected by shifting to the plant-based dyes.
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