High performances of Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are necessary in absorbing more sunlight and needed renewable energy source to replace depleted fossil fuels via green energy. Hybrid DSSC is ...another promising option towards green energy to explore. This research aims, i) to study conjugated chlorophyll in order to increase charge carrier in molecule structure besides, increase the absorption spectrum via conjugating process with the addition of different amount Ferric (III) Chloride (FeCl3) acting as catalyst and, ii) to determine the effect of FeCl3 on the performance of conjugated dye as sensitizers in Hybrid DSSC. The conjugated chlorophyll shows a using UV-Visible analysis corresponding to conjugated chlorophyll absorbed in high region called red shifted which the maximum absorption obtain at a wavelength of 360nm and 311nm. Fourier Transform Infra-Red characterization of the an existing Fe-O bond appears at 430 cm-1 to 445 cm-1 and C≡C bond at 2244 cm-1 to 2260 cm-1. 10% FeCl3 in conjugated chlorophyll produce huge impact to electrical conductivity and efficiency with the highest value; 0.114 S/cm and 0.14%; respectively. Thus, it can be conclude that 10% FeCl3 of conjugated chlorophyll – Imperata cylindrica (iCHLO-IC) was suitable to be used for the next generation of hybrid DSSC.
The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton ...fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the mordant was determined according to AATCC test method. The study showed that the color strength (K/S) of the dyed cotton fabric using pad-cure method higher than those dyed cotton fabric using pad-batch method. Meta-mordanting showed increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics.
The electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is subject of constant innovation, as the problems of leakage and drying greatly reduce the long-term stability of a device. One possible way to ...solve these problems is the use of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with a gelling structure, which offer different advantages based on the used polymers. Here, potential GPE systems based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent for low-cost, non-toxic and environmentally friendly DSSCs were investigated comparatively. In order to observe a potential improvement in long-term stability, the efficiencies of DSSCs with different GPEs, consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and their blends with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), were investigated over a period of 120 days. The results indicate that blending the polymers with PEO achieves better results concerning long-term stability and overall efficiency. Especially the mixtures with PAN and PVDF show only slight signs of deterioration after 120 days of measurement.
Ecofriendly chemical processing of jute fabric followed by printing with natural dyes using natural thickeners produces printed jute fabric that may be used for variety of diversified and value added ...applications. Bioscouring and bleaching makes the fabric white (Whiteness Index 82.44 in HUNTER scale) and soft (bending rigidity 623-686). The fabric was then mordanted with myrobolan extract and potash alum. Natural dyes were extracted from seeds of annatto, roots of manjistha and bark of ratnajot by aqueous extraction method. The particle size of the dyes was in the range of 400-900 nm. Four natural thickeners like guar gum, gum Arabic, sodium alginate, and gum indulka were used for printing. Evaluation of these printed fabrics reveals that very good wash and rubbing fast printed jute fabric can be produced from natural dyes and natural thickener guar gum by substantive screen printing method and can be used as decorative, furnishing, and apparel textiles.
The mechanical extraction of the bixin from Bixa orellana seeds using a spouted bed was investigated in this work. The experimental program was divided into two main steps. In the first step, a ...two-level factorial experimental design was used to analyze the influence of the main process variables on the mechanical extraction responses. The second step of the experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the distance between the draft tube and the conical base (h t). Computational fluid dynamic technique was used to understand seed flow and the effect of h t on the mechanical extraction process. The results obtained showed that the presence of the draft tube was the variable that most strongly affected the powder extraction. The best condition for the bixin extraction from B. orellana seeds was the one when the draft tube was positioned at 4 cm from the air inlet.
This work is carried out in search of natural alternatives to synthetic dyes capable of imparting functional properties. Natural dye from camphor plant (Cinnamomum camphora) was extracted under two ...extraction mediums: aqueous and alkaline. The obtained extract was converted into powder and applied on wool fabric using exhaust method of dyeing for evaluation of their dyeing and functional properties. Color strength of each dyed material was measured in terms of the K/S and CIELAB values, while the color fastness to light, washing, and crocking was investigated using standard test methods. The ultraviolet protection and antimicrobial properties were measured using American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard test methods. The K/S values, ultraviolet protection factor, and antimicrobial property of samples dyed with alkaline extract were higher as compared to those dyed with aqueous extract. Fastness towards washing and rubbing was found to be excellent, but the light fastness was poor which can be improved by mordanting in future work. Moreover, a slight decrease in washing fastness was observed with increase in shade depth.
The textile industry tries to provide different opportunities to its customers. Because of this, novel technologies in textile finishing and the use of different fibers have great importance for the ...textile industry. In this respect, the use of casein fiber is of interest to both manufacturers and consumers. In this study, casein-based fabrics were pretreated by means of ozone gas. The fibers themselves are clean but have low whiteness degrees. Therefore, the fabrics were bleached by means of ozone gas but limited increases in whiteness degrees were obtained. After the bleaching process, a natural dye source, namely "onion skins," was used for the coloration of the fabrics. The dried and milled onion skin was directly added to the dyeing bath as a kind of natural dyestuff without undergoing any extraction process beforehand. In this way, it was aimed to show the usability of a vegetable waste and, at the same time, to combine ecologic processing-dyeing with casein finishing. It was observed that with the use of onion skin, the coloration of the casein fiber can be managed easily.
Dyeing and antibacterial properties of a natural dye extracted from
Liriope platyphylla
fruit applied on silk fabrics have been studied. The total phenolic content (1109.13±69.02 mg), total flavonoid ...content (530.60±89.44 mg), and total anthocyanin content (492.26±77.79 mg) were measured in 100 g fresh weight of
L. platyphylla
fruits. In addition, ten anthocyanins and four flavanols were identified in
L. platyphylla
fruits by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS). A broad variation in color shade and color depth can be achieved with mixtures of dye extracts and metal mordants. Purple, blue, and pale green were main color shades of silk fabrics dyed with the extracts. The fastness of dyed silk fabrics except for control dyed fabrics against light, washing, and rubbing were acceptable with at least a grey scale rating of 3. The antibacterial activities of
L. platyphylla
fruit extracts were retained on dyed silk fabrics even after home washing 30 cycles. Mordanting with metal salt mordant had a positive effect on antibacterial activity of dyed silk fabrics in this study. Among them, aluminum and copper were the most effective mordants for improving antibacterial activity of silk fabrics dyed with
L. platyphylla
fruit extracts. The costs of natural dyeing of per silk fabrics kg by the extracts from
L. platyphylla
fruit were also calculated on laboratory scale.
Investigation of dyeing parameters (temperature, time and pH), color fastness assessments and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of mangrove bark extract on nylon fabric were conducted. The optimum ...dyeing conditions were obtained at 90°C, 60 min and pH 5, respectively. Dyeing with different metal mordants (aluminium potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, and stannous chloride) was also investigated. The ratings of color fastness testing showed that most of color fastness properties of dyed fabrics were generally acceptable except color fastness to washing due to considerable change in color of samples after subjected to washing test. Dyed nylon fabrics showed the improvement in UV-protection property.
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