Pushing out (off-rolling) occurs where pupils are illegally excluded from school. Those receiving children's social care (CSC) services (children in need (CiN), on child protection plans (CPPs) or ...looked after (CLA)) are thought to be at increased risk, but limited evidence inhibits understanding of this phenomenon. The extent of pushing out can be inferred from non-enrolment in administrative data.
To estimate proportions of children not enrolled across secondary school (aged 11–16, up to year 11) and to explore the association between CSC history and non-enrolment in year 10/11.
>1 M pupils in year 7 (aged 11/12) in English state schools, 2011/12 and 2012/13.
We estimated the proportion of children not enrolled across years 8 to 11, disaggregated by CSC history. We assessed with regression modelling the association between CSC history and non-enrolment in years 10/11.
Of children without CSC history, 3.8% had ≥1 year not enrolled by year 11. This was higher in those with a history CiN (8.1%), CPP (9.4%) or CLA (10.4%) status. The odds of non-enrolment in years 10/11 were higher among those with CLA history vs non-exposed peers (OR 4.76, 95% CI 4.49–5.05) as well as in those with CPP history (3.60, 3.39–3.81) and CiN history (2.53, 2.49–2.58). History of special educational needs further increased non-enrolment odds, including after confounder adjustment.
Findings imply that children with CSC history are more likely to be pushed out from school than children without, especially those with special educational needs.
•Children with a history of social care are more likely to be unenrolled from school.•Those with special educational needs and disability are likewise more at risk.•Legal and regulatory reform is required to protect their right to education.•Careful use of administrative data can help identify children more at risk.
•COVID-19 lockdown left parents as the sole respondents for their children’s needs.•We examine parents’ reports on the response their child received to their needs during the lockdown.•Parents of ...older children reported less fulfillment of children’s needs.•Societies must ensure pandemics do not create context for child neglect.
The ecosystemic approach to children’s needs demands a cohesive response from societies, communities, and families. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the choices societies made to protect their community members from the virus could have created contexts of child neglect. With the closure of services and institutions, societies were no longer available to help meet the needs of children.
The purpose of this study is to examine parents’ reports on the response their children received to their needs during the COVID-19 crisis.
During the period of the spring 2020 lockdown, 414 parents in the province of Quebec, Canada, completed an online questionnaire about the impact of the crisis on the response their children received to their needs.
Compared to parents of younger children, parents of older children reported less fulfillment of their child’s needs in three measured domains, namely cognitive and affective, security, and basic care needs.
These results are discussed in light of the policies and the resources societies have put in place during the crisis to help families meet the needs of their children. Societies must learn from this crisis to put children at the top of their priorities in the face of a societal crisis. Thoughtful discussions and energy must be given to ensure that, while facing a crisis, the developmental trajectories of children are not sacrificed.
The present study examines the association between various facets of generativity, that is, cultural demand for generativity, generative concern, and generative action, with the satisfaction of the ...needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy in samples of elderly from Cameroon, China (Hong Kong), the Czech Republic, and Germany. Participants provided information on self-transcendence values (internalized cultural demand), generative concern and action, and need satisfaction. Results suggest, first, that internalized cultural demand affects generative action indirectly through generative concern, second, that generative concern has a positive direct effect on need satisfaction, but that, third, there is also an indirect effect of generative concern on need satisfaction through generative action, which, fourth, is positive for the needs for relatedness and competence but negative for the need for autonomy. These findings were culture-invariant in our study, suggesting generalizability to other cultures. They are discussed with respect to the role of values in generativity and a possible trade-off of generative action for the satisfaction of needs at least in the elderly.
Grounded in Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT; Deci and Ryan in Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum, New York,
1985
; Psychol Inq 11(4):227–268. doi:
...10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
,
2000
; Ryan and Deci in Am Psychol 55(1):68–78. doi:
10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
,
2000
), the present study mainly aimed to (1) test a theoretically-based model proposing that the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs at school mediates the relationship between school-related social support (i.e., teacher support and classmate support) and school-related subjective well-being and (2) explore the invariance of the model across gender and age groups. A total of 1476 Chinese adolescents (males = 712; early adolescents = 676; Mage = 15.40) completed a multi-measure questionnaire tapping the targeted variables. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypotheses. Results indicated that school-related social support (i.e., teacher support and classmate support) related statistically significantly to adolescents’ school-related subjective well-being. Furthermore, a multiple-mediators analysis indicated that autonomy, competence and relatedness needs satisfaction at school partially mediated the relation between teacher support and school-related subjective well-being, and fully mediated the relation between classmate support and school-related subjective well-being. Lastly, the results supported partial invariance of the model with respect to gender and age groups. Limitations of the study are considered and applied considerations to improve adolescents’ school-related subjective well-being are discussed.
Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals Safer, Joshua D; Coleman, Eli; Feldman, Jamie ...
Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity,
04/2016, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Transgender persons suffer significant health disparities and may require medical intervention as part of their care. The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly review the literature characterizing ...barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals and to propose research priorities to understand mechanisms of those barriers and interventions to overcome them.
Current research emphasizes sexual minorities' self-report of barriers, rather than using direct methods. The biggest barrier to healthcare reported by transgender individuals is lack of access because of lack of providers who are sufficiently knowledgeable on the topic. Other barriers include: financial barriers, discrimination, lack of cultural competence by providers, health systems barriers, and socioeconomic barriers.
National research priorities should include rigorous determination of the capacity of the US healthcare system to provide adequate care for transgender individuals. Studies should determine knowledge and biases of the medical workforce across the spectrum of medical training with regard to transgender medical care; adequacy of sufficient providers for the care required, larger social structural barriers, and status of a framework to pay for appropriate care. As well, studies should propose and validate potential solutions to address identified gaps.
Humans have a potential for growth, integration, and well-being, while also being vulnerable to defensiveness, aggression, and ill-being. Self-determination theory (R. M. Ryan & E. L. Deci, 2000, ...Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being, American Psychologist, Vol. 55, pp. 68-78) argues that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness both fosters immediate well-being and strengthens inner resources contributing to subsequent resilience, whereas need frustration evokes ill-being and increased vulnerabilities for defensiveness and psychopathology. We briefly review recent research indicating how contextual need support and the experience of need satisfaction promote well-being and different growth manifestations (e.g., intrinsic motivation, internalization), as well as a rapidly growing body of work relating need thwarting and need frustration to ill-being, pursuit of need substitutes, and various forms of maladaptive functioning. Finally, we discuss research on differences in autonomous self-regulation and mindfulness, which serve as factors of resilience.
Background: There is a global demand for rehabilitation services but to date little attention has been paid to rehabilitation as part of the health agenda, especially in low- and middle-income ...countries. The objective of the scoping review was to get an overview of the needs and unmet needs for rehabilitation services described in the literature.
Materials and methods: Electronic search was performed in PubMed and REHABDATA for studies published between 2000 and 2017.
Results: Eighty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed a profound need for rehabilitation among different user groups with non-communicable diseases and injuries across countries. However, this need considerably outstripped the provision of services, which left many people with substantial unmet needs for rehabilitation. The main reasons for the unmet needs for rehabilitation were the absence of or unequal geographical distribution of services within a country, lack of transportation, and unaffordability of the services.
Conclusions: There are substantial unmet needs for rehabilitation and numerous barriers to accessing services. Efforts need to focus on building the capacity for rehabilitation research predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. The comprehensive data that this review provides is useful for raising awareness for the need of rehabilitation at policy level.
Implications for rehabilitation
There is a profound need for rehabilitation services due to the ageing population and growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases.
This scoping review shows that the need for rehabilitation considerably outstrips the provision of services.
There are substantial unmet needs for rehabilitation and numerous barriers to accessing services.
Concerted global action to scale up quality rehabilitation services is needed, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Eating disorders are serious mental disorders as reflected in significant impairments in health and psychosocial functioning and excess mortality. Despite the clear evidence of clinical significance ...and despite availability of evidence-based, effective treatments, research has shown a paradox of elevated health services use and, yet, infrequent treatment specifically targeting the eating disorder (i.e., high unmet treatment need). This review paper summarizes key studies conducted in collaboration with G. Terence Wilson and offers an update of the research literature published since 2011 in three research areas that undergirded our collaborative research project: unmet treatment needs, cost of illness, and cost-effectiveness of treatments. In regards to unmet treatment needs, epidemiological studies find that the number of individuals with an eating disorder who do not receive disorder-specific treatment continues to remain high. Cost-of-illness show that eating disorders are associated with substantial financial burdens for individuals, their family, and society, yet comprehensive examination of costs across public sectors is lacking. Cost measures vary widely, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Hospitalization is a major driver of medical costs incurred by individuals with an eating disorder. Only a handful of cost-effectiveness studies have been conducted, leaving policy makers with little information on which to base decisions about allocation of resources to help reduce the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders.
•Few epidemiological studies examine unmet treatment need in eating disorders.•Few individuals receive treatment specifically for their eating disorder.•Comprehensive cost-of-illness studies with appropriate comparison groups are needed.•Major gaps exists in regards to the cost-effectiveness of eating disorder treatment.
Background
The present study introduces informational and supportive needs and sources of obtaining information in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through a three-round Expert Delphi ...Consensus Opinions method.
Methods
According to our previous scoping review, important items in the area of informational and supportive needs and sources of obtaining information were elucidated. After omitting duplicates, 56 items in informational needs, 36 items in supportive needs, and 36 items in sources of obtaining information were retrieved. Both open- and close-ended questions were designed for each category in the form of three questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to selected experts from different specialties. Experts responded to the questions in the first round. Based on the feedback, questions were modified and sent back to the experts in the second round. This procedure was repeated up to the third round.
Results
In the first round, five items from informational needs, one item from supportive needs, and seven items from sources of obtaining information were identified as unimportant and omitted. Moreover, two extra items were proposed by the experts, which were added to the informational needs category. In the second round, seven, three, and seven items from informational needs, supportive needs, and sources of obtaining information were omitted due to the items being unimportant. In the third round, all the included items gained scores equal to or greater than the average and were identified as important. Kendall coordination coefficient W was calculated to be 0.344 for information needs, 0.330 for supportive needs, and 0.325 for sources of obtaining information, indicating a fair level of agreement between experts.
Conclusions
Out of 128 items in the first round, the omission of 30 items and the addition of two items generated a 100-item questionnaire for three sections of informational needs, supportive needs, and sources of obtaining information with a high level of convergence between experts' viewpoints.
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