China is leading East Asia as the epicentrum of growth in the third decade of 21st century, however, the role of Indonesia is eminent in this rise. Meanwhile, the struggle over influence in the ...region is acrimonious, as USA, China and Russia are vying for support from countries in this strategic region. Through the lens of neorealism, this study attempts at examining the role of Indonesia in rising East Asia. It argues that Indonesia plays major role especially in mediating and balancing both US – China rivalries through carefully crafted diplomatic strategies. Indonesia provides regional frameworks within which cooperations between opposing countries is possible, while at the same time safeguarding these cooperations through balancing act. Indonesia's strategic position enables it to serve as a global balancer by accepting agreements with China and maintaining close security ties with the United States. Through prudent policies, Indonesia upholds regional stability and plays an effective mediating role among major global powers.
We live in an age riddled with companions to every variety and niche field of academic study in the Humanities that one might imagine. What, then, makes for a successful and useful companion to an ...academic field? What should it provide and what are its limitations? How does one evaluate its value? Frank Burke, editor of A Companion to Italian Cinema, outlines his overarching goal in producing this volume as “to provide a Companion that would serve the needs of the general reader as well as those of the specialist … seeking to offer an overview of the development of Italian cinema and also seeking to provide discussions that are free of the jargon one generally finds in academic analysis” (5)
The enduring conflict in Ukraine has resonated globally, significantly impacting international security and diplomatic dynamics, particularly in the arena of military and defense cooperation. This ...study meticulously examines the aftermath of the conflict, focusing on its implications for the established defense partnership between Russia and India. By scrutinizing pertinent literature and primary sources, this study investigates the reverberations of the Ukraine conflict on Russia-India defense cooperation since 2014. It evaluates how India’s defense procurement strategies have adapted, discerning a deliberate shift towards diversification of defense suppliers beyond Russia. This study also emphasizes that Iran should heed the lessons emanating from the India-Russia defense cooperation outlook. It advocates for Iran to diversify its arms suppliers, heavily invest in its domestic defense industry, and significantly reduce its dependency on Russian weapons. By drawing parallels with India’s post-conflict defense evolution, Iran can chart a trajectory towards bolstering its own defense capabilities autonomously. This necessitates fostering a broader spectrum of international partnerships while concurrently enhancing its indigenous technological prowess. The investigation offers Iran a blueprint inspired by India’s recalibration of defense cooperation following the 2014 Russo-Ukraine conflict, aiming to guide Iran towards a more resilient and self-reliant defense posture.
In 1948, a young screenwriter named Federico Fellini wrote the main argument on which Rossellini based his medium-length film Il Miracolo. After the screening, an accusation of plagiarism was brought ...upon the film. The many thematic and tonal similarities with a novel written by a Spanish author, Ramón del Valle-Inclán, provoked an enraged review written by a Spanish-born critic in an Argentinian journal. Even though we doubt the true presence of an appropriation by the film, it is uncanny how their worlds, that of Valle-Inclán’s esperpento and the future director’s farce, intersect through the aesthetics of the grotesque. This paper focuses on some of the interesting parallels that connected these two great creators.
Collected in O Fogo e as cinzas (1952), the short story «Sempre é uma Companhia», by Manuel da Fonseca, will be analyzed here. We intend to reflect on the inscription and fictional treatment of the ...tópos of fatigue, which plays, in the text under analysis, a structuring role in the characterization of some characters, as, for example, happens in the case of the main character, António Barrasquinho. We investigate, furthermore, what motivates this physical-psychological state and we also reflect on the (im)possibility of getting around it.
Following scholarship on IR’s ‘historical turn’ as well as on neorealism and neoclassical realism, this article finds fault particularly in neorealism’s implicit reliance on the historically ...contingent but incompletely conceptualised transmission of systemic factors into state behaviour. Instead, it suggests that neoclassical realism (NCR) is well-suited to leveraging ‘history’ in systematic and general explanation. This article interrogates two routes towards a historically sensitive NCR (intervening variables and structural modifiers), and how they enable different operationalisations of ‘history’ as a sequence of events, cognitive tool or collective narrative. The first route suggests history underpins concepts and variables currently used by neoclassical realists. Here, history is more easily operationalised and allows a clearer view at learning and emulation processes. It is also more clearly scoped, and therefore less ‘costly’ in terms of paradigmatic distinctiveness. The second route, in which history modifies structural incentives and constraints, is more theoretically challenging especially in terms of differentiating NCR from constructivist approaches, but lends itself to theorising systemic change. Both routes provide fruitful avenues for realist theorising, can serve to emancipate NCR from neorealism in IR and foster cross-paradigmatic dialog. Examining how ‘history’ can be leveraged in realism allows interrogating how other ‘mainstream’, positivist approaches can and should leverage historical contingency, context and evidence to explain international processes and outcomes.
According to an established historiography, post World War II Italian cinema owes much of its international success to the French intellectual milieu. In this process of reception, the work carried ...out by exiled Italian intellectuals, who were responsible for promoting neo-realism on the other side of the Alps for diplomatic purposes but without neglecting questions of an aesthetic nature, deserves attention. By relating certain aspects of the socio- historical context with the analysis of some critical texts, this article aims to reconstruct some trajectories of reception of neorealist cinema in the Italian-French press between 1945 and 1950.
The lively debate on cinema, literature and the visual arts between the two wars fed into Italian Neorealism in an intertextual way, as emerges in Bazin’s, Zavattini’s and Deleuze’s writings on ...Neorealism. The French philosopher observed how Neorealism breaks the sensory motor connection typical of classical cinema, thus paving the way for a cinema of pure optical situations. W.J.T. Mitchell’s concept of ‘the image as agent’ exemplifies how neorealist movies possess a lasting iconic impact capable of affecting different medias, thus making new venues viable for innovative intertextual narrations. The present contribution analyses how this debate may be translated today in a multimedia theory that orients aesthetic choices and forms of reception in a globalized context.
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