Combining antimicrobial agents such as plant essential oils directly into a food packaging is a form of active packaging. In this work chitosan-based films containing cinnamon essential oil (CEO) at ...level of 0.4%, .0.8%, and 1.5% and 2%
(v/v) were prepared to examine their antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to explain structure–property relationships. Incorporating CEO into chitosan-based films increased antimicrobial activity. CEO decreased moisture content, solubility in water, water vapour permeability and elongation at break of chitosan films. It is postulated that the unique properties of the CEO added films could suggest the cross-linking effect of CEO components within the chitosan matrix. Electron microscopy images confirmed the results obtained in this study.
We have comprehensively investigated the structure-stability relationship of natural polyphenols in DMEM medium without cells. Polyphenols with catechol or pyrogallol structure were evidently ...instable in DMEM medium without cells. Herein, we further investigate stability of polyphenols when incubated with cancer cells and its related mechanism. After incubated with SK-28 cells and A549 cells at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 72 h, the new products of quercetin and 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone were found to quite different from different cells. It is time to investigate what really happened for polyphenols and the new products of polyphenols in cancer cells, as well as the related mechanism. It is very important to further check the bioactivity of these new products, which will avoid erroneous conclusions for what's the really bioactive compounds.
Romvac: proiecte și produse noi Constantin Chiurciu
Medicamentul veterinar,
07/2018, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Time has proved so far that all steps taken by Romvac SA in veterinary medicine and as new in the human medicine, were highly inspired, the result of actions initiated at the right time and the right ...place. This is why Romvac Company will continue in force, research aimed to obtain new medicinal products, bio-feed additives, phytotherapeutic substances, and also organic products for agriculture and animal husbandry.
Based on MOD09GA/MYD09GA surface reflectance data, a new MODIS snow-cover-extent (SCE) product from 2000 to 2020 over China has been
produced by the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ...Resources
(NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The NIEER MODIS SCE product contains
two preliminary clear-sky SCE datasets – Terra-MODIS and Aqua-MODIS SCE
datasets and a final daily cloud-gap-filled (CGF) SCE dataset. The first two datasets are generated mainly through optimizing snow-cover discriminating rules over land-cover types, and the latter dataset is produced after a series of gap-filling
processes such as aggregating the two preliminary datasets, reducing cloud
gaps with adjacent information in space and time, and eliminating all gaps
with auxiliary data. The validation against 362 China Meteorological
Administration (CMA) stations shows that during snow seasons the overall
accuracy (OA) values of the three datasets are larger than 93 %, all of the omission error (OE) values are constrained within 9 %, and all of the commission error (CE) values are constrained within 10 %. Bias values of 0.98, 1.02, and 1.03 demonstrate on a whole that there is no significant overestimation nor a significant underestimation. Based on the same ground reference data, we found that the new product accuracies are obviously higher than standard MODIS snow products, especially for Aqua-MODIS and CGF SCE. For example, compared with the CE of 23.78 % that the MYD10A1 product shows, the CE of the new Aqua-MODIS SCE dataset is 6.78 %; the OA of the new CGF SCE dataset is up to 93.15 % versus 89.54 % of MOD10A1F product and 84.36 % of MYD10A1F product. Besides, as expected, snow discrimination in forest areas is also improved significantly. An isolated validation at four forest CMA stations demonstrates that the OA has increased by 3–10 percentage points, the OE has dropped by 1–8 percentage points, and the CE has dropped by 4–21 percentage points. Therefore, our product has virtually provided more reliable snow knowledge over China; thereby, it can better serve for hydrological, climatic, environmental, and other related studies there.
We present a new global time-variable gravity mascon solution derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Level 1B data. The new product from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ...(GSFC) results from a novel approach that combines an iterative solution strategy with geographical binning of inter-satellite range-acceleration residuals in the construction of time-dependent regularization matrices applied in the inversion of mascon parameters. This estimation strategy is intentionally conservative as it seeks to maximize the role of the GRACE measurements on the final solution while minimizing the influence of the regularization design process. We fully reprocess the Level 1B data in the presence of the final mascon solution to generate true post-fit inter-satellite residuals, which are utilized to confirm solution convergence and to validate the mascon noise uncertainties. We also present the mathematical case that regularized mascon solutions are biased, and that this bias, or leakage, must be combined with the estimated noise variance to accurately assess total mascon uncertainties. The estimated leakage errors are determined from the monthly resolution operators. We present a simple approach to compute the total uncertainty for both individual mascon and regional analysis of the GSFC mascon product, and validate the results in comparison with independent mascon solutions and calibrated Stokes uncertainties. Lastly, we present the new solution and uncertainties with global analyses of the mass trends and annual amplitudes, and compute updated trends for the global ocean, and the respective contributions of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Antarctic Ice Sheet, Gulf of Alaska, and terrestrial water storage. This analysis highlights the successful closure of the global mean sea level budget, that is, the sum of global ocean mass from the GSFC mascons and the steric component from Argo floats agrees well with the total determined from sea surface altimetry.
European Union legislation on macroalgae products Lähteenmäki-Uutela, Anu; Rahikainen, Moona; Camarena-Gómez, María Teresa ...
Aquaculture international,
04/2021, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Macroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the ...law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. The maximum levels of heavy metals may be a barrier for macroalgae foods, feeds, and fertilizers. Getting health claims approved for foods based on macroalgae is demanding. In addition to the rules on products, the macroalgae business is strongly impacted by the elements of the general regulatory environment such as agricultural/aquacultural subsidies, maritime spatial planning and aquaculture licensing, public procurement criteria, tax schemes, and trade agreements.
Fungi produce various mixtures of gas-phase, carbon-based compounds called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that due to their small size are able to diffuse through the atmosphere and soils. Despite ...some methodological and technological constraints, researchers have detected and characterized approximately 250 fungal VOCs, many of which have characteristic odors and are produced during primary and secondary metabolism. Fungal VOCs may contribute to a controversial medical diagnosis called “sick building syndrome” and may also be important in the success of some biocontrol species of Trichoderma. VOCs also play important signaling roles for fungi in their natural environments. Many ecological interactions are mediated by VOCs, including those between fungi and plants, arthropods, bacteria, and other fungi. The diverse functions of fungal VOCs can be developed for use in biotechnological applications for biofuel, biocontrol, and mycofumigation. Volatiles represent a new frontier in bioprospecting, and the study of these gas-phase compounds promises the discovery of new products for human exploitation and will generate new hypotheses in fundamental biology.
► Approximately 250 known volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by fungi. ► The toxicology of fungal VOCs warrants further investigation. ► Many interactions among and between fungi and other organisms are mediated by VOCs. ► Fungal VOCs have untapped potential for biotechnology.
New goods play a central role in many trade and growth models. We use detailed trade and firm-level data from India to investigate the relationship between declines in trade costs, imports of ...intermediate inputs, and domestic firm product scope. We estimate substantial gains from trade through access to new imported inputs. Moreover, we find that lower input tariffs account on average for 31% of the new products introduced by domestic firms. This effect is driven to a large extent by increased firm access to new input varieties that were unavailable prior to the trade liberalization.
The relationship between cooperation with competitors and product innovation performance was investigated along with the moderating effect of the innovating firm's technological capability and its ...alliances with universities. The hypothesis that cooperation with competitors has an inverted U-shaped relationship with product innovation performance was tested using data on new product introductions from 1499 Chinese firms. The results support the existence of a bell-shaped relationship between co-opetition and product innovation performance. Technological capability and alliances with universities were shown to weaken the relationship. The findings add significantly to the emerging literature on dynamic co-opetition.
•This study examines co-opetition (cooperation between competitors) and product innovation of emerging market firms.•The moderating effects of technological capability and alliances with universities were also investigated.•Data on 1499 Chinese firms across multiple industries were analyzed.•The results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between co-opetition and product innovation performance.•The bell-shaped relationship is weaker for firms with strong technological capabilities and alliances with universities.
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