In erosion control engineering field, various kinds of new techniques have been developed and briskly put into practical uses. Among these techniques, it is said that non-structural measures have ...been in demand lately. These measures contain many kinds of techniques and the terminology “non-structural measures" that are still not clear. Therefore, in this study, various kinds of non-structural measures which have been developed so far are reviewed, and the present technological development measures are analyzed in relation to social demands. As a result, practical needs on these measures, today and in the future, will be clarified. This paper's distinctive feature is its analysis based on the quantity of patent right registration, while in many preceding papers, major analyses used to be conducted based on the quantity of academic papers. Additionally, the questionnaire survey or the hearing investigation was executed to extract the problem that the erosion and torrent control field had, and it listened to engineer's opinion and manager's opinion at the technology development. From the result of this investigation, it turned out to be felt that the entrepreneurial strategy and the advantage of making to the patent are different.
Modern flood mitigation is increasingly non-structural. Well-established, traditional non-structural measures such as zoning, building codes, flood proofing, early detection and warning, emergency ...planning, flood insurance, etc., appear today as indispensable complements to structural engineering solutions. Advancement of computer sciences and communications provides an opportunity for further broadening of the context of non-structural flood mitigation. Two new concepts, a flood management virtual database and a flood management decision support system, are presented in the paper. Their benefits are demonstrated through the development of prototype systems for the Red River basin in Manitoba, Canada. First, it is shown that the Internet technology is mature enough to support the development of virtual database for a complex domain such as floodplain management. It is also quite clear that this mode of support has many advantages when compared to more traditional centralized database model. Secondly, we concluded that the decision support system approach provides an opportunity to meet the expressed needs of residents living in flood-prone areas for improvement in the flood management and a major change in the decision-making process. A decision support system is envisioned as a tool for analyzing alternative mitigation and recovery strategies. It is proposed in this work as a way of making flood management process more transparent and efficient in reducing future economic, environmental, and social flood damages.
In recent years, disasters caused by flash floods with many casualties have occurred frequently in China. In order to effectively prevent flash flood disasters, the State Council approved the ...National Flash Flood Control Planning (NFFCP) in 2006. In this planning, non-structural measures are recommended as the first step to be adopted in the prevention of flash floods, debris flow and landslide disasters caused by heavy rainfall. In order to effectively build up a comprehensive non-structural measure system for flash flood disaster prevention, the Ministry of Water Resources has asked the local authorities to conduct studies in 103 pilot counties aiming to explore practical schemes. Based on the experience from these pilot counties, the construction of non-structural measures on flash flood disaster prevention for 1836 counties was officially initiated in 2010. The contents of non-structural measures for flash flood disaster prevention at county level include eight aspects. This paper will systematically illustrate the main contents of this national project for the construction of non-structural measures for flash flood disaster prevention in China. This work could provide a reference for other countries and regions in terms of flash flood prevention.
Coastal Forest Construction and Non-Structural Measures for Preventing Tsunami Damage - In Case of Japan Chun, K.W. (Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea), E-mail: kwchun@kangwon.ac.kr; Kim, K.N. (Kangwon Development Research Institute(KDRI), Chunchon, Republic of Korea); Nakashima, Yuhki (Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan) ...
Journal of Korean Forestry Society,
(Jun 2005), Letnik:
94, Številka:
3
Journal Article
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tsunami which occurred in coastal area of the East Sea in Korea, the function of coastal forest for the reduction of tsunami's speed and energy, ...and the non-structural measures through the research data of tsunami in Japan, The results showed that tsunami which occurred in the East Sea in 1983 and 1993 reached coastal area of Korea one hour and fifty minutes later from Japan, and caused a loss of lives and property and flooding damage.
In recent years União da Vitoria and Porto União have suffered severe floods, after a long period of normal to low floods. The important economic losses and psychological impact generated a great ...deal of discussion and studies about their causes. The population blamed the backwater effect of the Foz do Areia dam for the impact of the floods. This fact caused a major conflict, that lasted more than ten years, between the population and the state power company, owner and operator of the dam. This paper presents the main flood causes, the dam impact and the structural and non-structural measures studied in order to cope with the problem.
After the disastrous flood of 1988, Dhaka Integrated Flood Protection Project (DIFPP) was undertaken as a part of the national Flood Action Plan (FAP). However, DIFPP focused primarily on the ...structural measures for flood damage mitigation. When the city was hit by another major flood in 1998, it became evident that non-structural measures contributed significantly to flood damage reduction. This paper explores existing and proposed non-structural measures as a part of the long-term flood mitigation strategies for Dhaka City. The options examined in this paper include flood forecasting and warning, preservation of retention ponds, land use planning, flood zoning, emergency services, shelters, flood proofing, flood fighting and post-flood rehabilitation measures. Moreover, experiences from 1998 flood indicate that coordination between agencies responsible for flood protection and drainage of the city can significantly reduce the flood damage.
Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters with socio-economic consequences. Thus, preparation of the flood prone areas (FPA) map is essential for flood disaster management, and for ...planning further development activities. The main goal of this study is to investigate new applications of the evidential belief function (EBF), random forest (RF), and boosted regression trees (BRT) models for identifying the FPA in the Galikesh region, Iran. This research was conducted in three main stages such as data preparation, flood susceptibility mapping using EBF, RF, and BRT models and validation of constructed models using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At first, a flood inventory map was prepared using documentary sources of Iranian Water Resources Department (IWRD) and extensive field surveys. In total, 63 flood locations were identified in the study area. Of these, 47 (75%) floods were randomly selected as training/model building and the remaining 16 (25%) cases were used for the validation purposes. The flood conditioning factors considered in the study area are altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, topographic wetness index, plan curvature, geology, landuse, distance from rivers, drainage density, and soil texture. Subsequently, the FPA maps were prepared using EBF, RF, and BRT models in a GIS environment. Finally, the results were validated using ROC curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. From the analysis, it was seen that the EBF (AUC = 78.67%) and BRT models (AUC = 78.22%) performed better than RF model (AUC = 73.33%). Therefore, the resultant FPA maps can be useful for researchers and planner in flood mitigation strategies.
Studies of countermeasures against sediment-related disasters often focus on structural measures; however, nonstructural measures, including warning and evacuation, also play important roles in ...protecting human lives. Such nonstructural measures were enacted in Japan in 2001; however, since human responses to sediment-related disasters are influenced by many factors, the effects of these measures are typically studied in terms of a small number of individual cases, and remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we conducted in-person interviews and questionnaire surveys to examine the effects of non-structural measures implemented before disasters occurred in five municipalities of Nagano Prefecture, where Typhoon Hagibis caused sediment-related disasters with no human injury or loss of life. The survey results indicate that co-operation and information exchange within and outside the regional unit were required for effective warning and evacuation actions in each regional unit. Therefore, we scored the measures in terms of their effects on information provision and communication opportunities. As the scores of these effects increased, the evacuation rates during disasters increased, although sex differences among regional units may have had an influence. In areas that had experienced severe property damage following sediment-related disasters, evacuation rates were found to be related only to communication opportunities. To improve the effects of non-structural sediment-related disaster countermeasures, we propose that the numbers of disaster prevention drills and seminars should be increased, and that more organisations should be involved in their implementation, ensuring the use of a wider range of methods. Furthermore, showing the importance of communication opportunities provided by incorporating non-structural measures into law would also be effective for preventing human losses.
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