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•MPs were ubiquitous but low in the commercial seaweed nori.•The size and shape of MPs in nori varied dramatically across different processing stages.•Polyester was the predominant ...component of MPs in commercially packaged nori.•Polypropylene was the most commonly detected polymer in factory-processed nori.•Microfibers were proved to adhere to the surface of nori in the laboratory.
Microplastics have been reported to attach to the marine macroalgae which act as the vector for microplastic transfer in the marine food web. In this study, the edible seaweed nori (Pyropia spp.) was chosen as a target species. The microplastic contaminant situations in nori were analyzed in both its final commercial products and the intermediate products across different processing stages. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 items/g (dw) among 24 brands of commercially packaged nori samples. With the development of nori processing stages, an enlarged size fraction of greater microplastics (1–5 mm) was observed. Compared with commercially packaged nori samples, the proportions of polypropylene, polyethylene and poly (ethylene-propylene) copolymers increased, whereas that of polyester decreased in factory-processed nori. Additionally, we further simulated and quantified the number of fluorescent polyester fibers (concentrations: 0, 1000, 5000, 10,000 fibers/L) attach to the algal pieces of Pyropia yezoensis under laboratory conditions. The average abundance of microfibers on the nori was positively and quantitatively related to their abundances in seawater (p < 0.01). To our best knowledge, this is the first work that shows the prevalence of microplastics in the commercial seaweed nori and relates to their potential sources during the processing phase.
To elucidate whether Neoporphyra kitoi strain OHN-1 has superior characteristics as a new marine crop in the nori farm setting, we compared OHN-1 and Neopyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis strain U-51 ...cultivated under identical conditions during the early nori season. We assessed the growth and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and free amino acids (FAAs), which affect the quality and taste of nori, between OHN-1 and U-51. The blade length of OHN-1 was found to be significantly longer than that of U-51, and OHN-1 exhibited high-yield characteristics. Notably, the blade thickness of OHN-1 was only slightly greater than that of U-51, despite the significant differences between the two strains. The contents of pigments and FAAs related to the taste were also higher in OHN-1 than in U-51. These results obtained with a N. kitoi cultivar demonstrated that N. kitoi has superior growth and quality characteristics in the nori farm setting. Thus, we concluded that N. kitoi could be used as a new marine crop for nori cultivation.
•The N. kitoi strain OHN-1 exhibited higher growth in the nori farm setting.•OHN-1 had higher richness in pigments and free amino acids in the nori farm setting.•N. kitoi is a more appealing species for nori cultivation under global warming.
Nori was a product made from seaweed which contained fiber and bioactive substances even though it had low antioxidants. The solution was needed to increase antioxidants from Nori products was food ...diversification with the addition of Moringa leaves which contained high antioxidant activity. Identifying the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the nori seaweed (Kappapycus alvarezi) with the fortification of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves was the aim of this research. The addition of Kappapycus alvarezi seaweed pulp and Moringa leaf pulp was compared in this study's single-factor randomized design (CRD) four treatments: (K0=100%:0% kontrol), (K1=90%:10%), (K2=80%:20), (K3=70%:30%). The data were evaluated using statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan Multiple Range Test was used if there was a significant result (p0.05) for each treatment (DMRT). The results showed that Kappapycus alvarezi nori seaweed with fortified Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) had an effect on physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, and could increase the nutritional value of nori, which had an antioxidant activity value of 59.921ppm, total phenol of 252.527%, the water content of 18.030%, Fiber content of 18.637%, thickness test of 0.20 mm, tensile strength/tear strength of 0.541MPa, hydration test of 24.446%. The organoleptic values consist of color at 5.83, aroma at 4.87, taste at 5.03, and texture at 5.53. The impact of this research was to produce products that contained good bioactive substances and antioxidants.
Combining behind-the-scenes coverage of an often besieged religious group with a personal account of one woman's struggle to find meaning in it, Betrayal of the Spirit takes readers to the center of ...life in the Hare Krishna movement. Nori J. Muster joined the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON)--the Hare Krishnas--in 1978, shortly after the death of the movement's spiritual master, and worked for ten years as a public relations secretary and editor of the organization's newspaper, the ISKCON World Review. In this candid and critical account, Muster follows the inner workings of the movement and the Hare Krishnas' progressive decline. Combining personal reminiscences, published articles, and internal documents, Betrayal of the Spirit details the scandals that beset the Krishnas--drug dealing, weapons stockpiling, deceptive fundraising, child abuse, and murder within ISKCON-as well as the dynamics of schisms that forced some 95 percent of the group's original members to leave. In the midst of this institutional disarray, Muster continued her personal search for truth and religious meaning as an ISKCON member until, disillusioned at last with the movement's internal divisions, she quit her job and left the organization. In a new preface to the paperback edition, Muster discusses the personal circumstances that led her to ISKCON and kept her there as the movement's image worsened. She also talks about "the darkest secret"-child abuse in the ISKCON parochial schools--that was covered up by the public relations office where she worked.
Nori is one of the products that are in demand by the people of Indonesia. Nori is mostly a product that is imported and produced by foreign companies. The price of seaweed, the raw material for ...making nori, is relatively expensive, so it is necessary to diversify the raw materials for making nori. This study aimed to determine the effect of thickener concentration on the organoleptic properties, chemical properties and physical properties of nori analog from binahong leaves. Organoleptic tests yielded the two best formulas, namely F3 (80% binahong leaves and 20% sago) and F6 (85% binahong leaves and 15% sago). Furthermore, chemical and physical analysis was carried out. The results of chemical analysis on the nori analog showed that analog nori F3 and F6 had a moisture content of 5.72% and 6.84%, an ash content of 4.27% and 5.21%, protein content of 3.66% and 4.60 %, fat content of 9.06% and 8.90% and carbohydrate content values of 77.29% and 74.45%. Physical analysis of analog nori included analysis of texture, color, and thickness. The hardness value of nori on F3 was 2.13 gf, while on F6 it was 2.15 gf. Color of nori analog of F3 and F6 obtained 50.44 and 49.38, with a lighter green color for F3 compared to F6, which produced a darker green color. The thickness values of the F3 and F6 analog nori obtained were 0.92 mm and 0.64 mm.
El género Porphyra, comúnmente encontrado a lo largo de las costas chilenas, es un importante alimento algal conocido como nori. Existen representantes de Porphyra del Área Marina Protegida Montemar ...(32°57’S; 71°33’W) en la bahía de Valparaíso, cuya identidad taxonómica no está clara. Este estudio tuvo como propósito identificar los ejemplares de fronda alargada de Porphyra, que habitan el intermareal superior, medio e inferior de la bahía de Valparaíso. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, se recolectaron 30 talos de Porphyra durante el invierno de 2015 en Montemar. En todas las muestras se amplificó el marcador molecular rbcL, sin embargo solo en 18 individuos se logró un secuenciamiento exitoso. Además, se llevó a cabo una descripción morfológica. El análisis de las secuencias del gen rbcL mostró que los especímenes de fronda alargada que habitan el intermareal de la bahía de Valparaíso corresponden a Porphyra mumfordii. Se presentaron diferencias en el tamaño y coloración de los talos provenientes de
The genus Porphyra, commonly found along Chilean coast, is an important commercial algal food known as nori. There are some specimens of Porphyra found at Montemar Marine Protected Area (32°57’S; 71°33’W) in Valparaíso Bay, which taxonomical identity is not clear. This study aimed to identify long-bladed specimens of Porphyra inhabiting the upper, mid and lower intertidal in Valparaíso Bay. To do so, 30 thalli of Porphyra were collected during the winter of 2015 in Montemar. All samples were subjected to rbcL molecular marker amplification. However, only 18 individuals were sequenced successfully. In addition, a morphological description was conducted. The rbcL analysis showed that the longbladed specimens inhabiting Valparaíso Bay correspond to Porphyra mumfordii. Differences in size and color of thalli found on each intertidal level were recorded. This research constitutes the first record of P. mumfordii for central Chile.
Due to restrictions on the low conductivity of sulfur and soluble polysulfides during discharge, lithium sulfur batteries are unsuitable for further large scale applications. The current carbon based ...cathodes suffer from poor cycle stability and high cost. Recently, heteroatom doped carbons have been considered as a settlement to enhance the performance of lithium sulfur batteries. With this strategy, we report the low cost activated nori based N,O-doped 3D hierarchical carbon material (ANC) as a sulfur host. The N,O dual-doped ANC reveals an elevated electrochemical performance, which exhibits not only a good rate performance over 5 C, but also a high sulfur content of 81.2%. Further importantly, the ANC represents an excellent cycling stability, the cathode reserves a capacity of 618 mAh/g at 2 C after 1000 cycles, which shows a 0.022% capacity decay per cycle.
•Fuzzy logic and d optimal design used to optimize fish analog formulation.•Interaction of ingredients was reported.•Shelf life study of fish analog was carried out.
This study aims to develop an ...analog fish product with comparable nutrients using plant-based materials such as oyster mushrooms, nori, and kombu and grade them on the 9-point hedonic scale for sensory characteristics such as appearance, aroma, juiciness, texture, and taste. Oyster mushrooms are high in protein and have an umami flavor amplified by adding seaweeds such as nori and kombu to give them a fishy flavor. The mushroom has a flaky texture that helps it resemble the fish's texture. We combined hydrated mushrooms and seaweeds with maize flour, baking powder, salt, and MSG to make the balls. The concentration of ingredients such as oyster mushroom, nori, kombu, baking powder, salt, and MSG was optimized using one-factor optimization. The final concentration of 6 % nori, 4 % kombu,24 % corn flour, 0.9 % baking powder, 1 % salt, 1 % MSG, and 63.1 % oyster mushroom using sensory data. Response surface methodology was also used to predict the appropriate model for the production of the fish analogs in which 8 % nori, 6 % kombu,23.981 % corn flour, 0.6 % baking powder, 0.81 % salt, 1.2 % MSG, and 59.4 % oyster mushroom using the D- optimal mixture design method. The sensory characteristics of vegan fish analogs were analyzed using the fuzzy scale (F1–F6), and samples were screened based on similarity values. The shelf life study was also carried out using an optimized formulation by treating with citric acid, adding preservatives like sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, and in combination with potassium sorbate and citric acid. During the storage, antioxidant capacity, phytochemical analysis, rancidity study, moisture content, and microbial study were recorded.
Porphyra sp. (nori) is widely cultivated as an important marine crop. Dried nori contains numerous nutrients, including vitamin B12, which is the only vitamin absent from plant-derived food sources. ...Vegetarian diets are low in iron and vitamin B12; depletion of both causes severe anemia. Nori also contains large amounts of iron compared with other plant-derived foods and eicosapentaenoic acid, which is an important fatty acid found in fish oils. In nori, there are also many bioactive compounds that exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidative activities, indicating that consumption of nori is beneficial to human health. However, Porphyra sp. contains toxic metals (arsenic and cadmiun) and/or amphipod allergens, the levels of which vary significantly among nori products. Further evidence from human studies of such beneficial or adverse effects of nori consumption is required.
Nori analog merupakan nori tiruan yang terbuat dari sayur-sayuran hijau yang memiliki sifat fisikokimia dan organoleptik hampir sama dengan nori yang terbuat dari rumput laut. Pada penelitian ini ...dilakukan pembuatan nori analog dari sayur pakis. Penambahan ikan teri bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan protein dan kalsium nori analog. Sedangkan penambahan gliserol bertujuan untuk memperbaiki tekstur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dari proporsi sayur pakis : ikan teri dan konsentrasi gliserol terhadap karakteristik nori analog. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2 faktor yaitu proporsi sayur pakis : ikan teri (91,5:8,5 ; 95:5 ; 98,5:1,5) dan konsentrasi gliserol (5%; 7,5%; 10%) dengan 2 kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Ragam dan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan terbaik adalah proporsi sayur pakis : ikan teri (95:5) dan konsentrasi gliserol 5% yang menghasilkan nori analog dengan kadar air 8,12%, kadar abu 7,20%, kadar protein 18,72%, kadar serat kasar 3,03%, kadar lemak 0,29%, aktivitas antioksidan 14,84%, kuat tarik 0,88 N dan ketebalan 0,285 mm; kadar kalsium sebesar 715,09 mg/kg dan aw 0,435. DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v15i2.2946
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