The present study examined the effects of tasks involving different numbers of processes on working memory (WM) by conducting cognitive function tests and using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy). The ...subjects were asked to perform two types of task involving varying numbers of processes. After the subjects performed both tasks involving one and multiple processes: drawing and the creation of a box, respectively, the oxygen hemoglobin concentration in the DLPFC was higher. However, there was no significant difference between the two tasks. The results of cognitive function tests following the production of boxes were also compared, and the PASAT 2 sec and SDMT scores were significantly higher. These results suggested that the efficient implementation of the task involving multiple processes generated an appropriate level of cognitive load required to promote the active functioning of WM and, as a result, the subjects achieved higher cognitive function test scores after completing the tasks.
ABSTRACT
To increase the rigor of pediatric rehabilitation research, there is a need to evaluate the degree to which an intervention is conducted as planned (i.e., fidelity). Generic fidelity ...measures evaluate more than one intervention and often include nonspecific attributes of the therapy process common to both interventions. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of generic fidelity measures and examine how these attributes fit with pediatric rehabilitation. A review of generic fidelity measures was conducted utilizing health and education databases. Five generic fidelity measures are described and examined for their applicability to pediatric rehabilitation. The measures were used in nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving people ages from 11 years to >65 years undergoing psychotherapy. From the 76 nonspecific items, 37 items were judged to be applicable to pediatric rehabilitation. Common characteristics of nonspecific attributes with pediatric rehabilitation are discussed, and investigator plans to conduct future testing.
Numerous research studies have been completed on the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). As individuals with this diagnosis are frequently treated by occupational therapists, this review will ...focus on research that has been completed on ASD that will provide insights into the understanding and treatment of children on the spectrum.
Amputee rehabilitation and preprosthetic care Klarich, Julie; Brueckner, Inger
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,
02/2014, Letnik:
25, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reviews occupational therapy treatment and physical therapy treatment during preprosthetic training for upper and lower extremity amputees. Review of preoperative intervention, preparing ...the residual limb for the prosthesis, instruction in techniques, and adaptive equipment for activities of daily living, as well as suggestions for return to vocational and avocational activities are addressed.
In this study, the authors assess the effectiveness of education on the consistency of use of sensory rooms within a large mental health facility. Eleven staff and thirty-six clients received ...additional multimodal education in sensory strategies, the use of the sensory rooms on their assigned units, and the link between the rooms and clients' personal crisis intervention plans. Staff knowledge and room usage rates were analyzed pre- and post-training. The authors found statistically significant increases in staff knowledge post-training and increases in the use of the sensory rooms by study participants. The results support the effectiveness of training which uses hands-on, population-specific strategies.
SUMMARY
This article presents a model to guide activity-focused physical therapy and occupational therapy interventions for children with neurological conditions. Activity-focused interventions ...involve structured practice and repetition of functional actions and are directed toward the learning of motor tasks that will increase independence and participation in daily routines.
According to this model, the pediatric therapist: (1) develops activity-related goals in collaboration with the child and the family; (2) plans activity-focused interventions by adapting knowledge of motor learning to the child's individual learning strengths and needs; and (3) integrates impairment-focused intervention with activity-focused intervention.
This study examined the effects of individual intervention programs using environmental modifications and caregiver training in verbal cueing and verbal reinforcement in persons with Alzheimer ...disease residing in an assisted living facility. Five residents were observed performing two daily living tasks of their choice and evaluated using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Using results of AMPS evaluations, individual intervention programs were developed for each resident by the researcher. Following caregiver training the individual programs were implemented with residents who were re-evaluated after two weeks. All residents showed statistically significant improvements in process ability measures and two residents showed improvement in motor ability measures. The results from this study demonstrated that caregiver training and environmental modifications can improve performance in activities of daily living in those with Alzheimer disease.
The purpose of this publication is threefold. First, it is an attempt to document the need for occupational therapy services within the foster care population. Second, it describes methods that can ...be used by occupational therapists to provide appropriate interventions to people affected by foster care. And third, it highlights the need for and identifies specific assessments that can be used to evaluate individuals affected by foster care and to measure the effectiveness of occupational therapy services delivered to foster care agencies.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of implementing Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) on addicted patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Ten subjects were ...compared before and after the program implementation. Significant improvements were observed in COPM performance (p=0.009), COPM satisfaction (p=0.006), and ESI (p=0.018). Results suggest that individual programs centered on occupation may be effective in improving clients’ subjective occupation performance and satisfaction, and social exchange skills. Such programs may also bring about positive changes in the client and help the continuation of community life. An Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) may be an opportunity for clients to “connect” with people, the environment, and occupation.
要旨：本実践報告の目的は，精神科病院に入院している依存症患者に対して作業療法介入プロセスモデル（OTIPM）を用いた個別プログラムを実施することが作業遂行および社会交流技能に与える影響を検討することである．研究対象者10名について個別プログラム実施前後を比較すると，カナダ作業遂行測定（Canadian Occupational Performance ...Measure；以下，COPM）の遂行度（p＝0.009），COPMの満足度（p＝0.006），社会交流技能評価（Evaluation of Social Interaction；ESI）（p＝0.018）において有意な改善が認められた．
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