Barjanski okarček se v Sloveniji edinstveno pojavlja tako na vlažnih (Ljubljansko barje z okolico) kot na suhih traviščih (slovenska Istra, Kras, Goriška brda). Med naravnimi nesrečami, ki ogrožajo ...njegove habitatne krpe, so požari in poplave. Njihovo pogostost pojavljanja v nekdanjih in obstoječih bivališčih barjanskega okarčka smo ugotavljali s χ2-testom. Pokazali smo, da so življenjska okolja na vlažnih traviščih požarno manj ogrožena kot na suhih traviščih. Med slednjimi so najbolj ogrožene habitatne krpe na Krasu in v slovenski Istri. Habitatne krpe barjanskega okarčka so poplavno ogrožene le v slovenski Istri in na Ljubljanskem barju. Glede na stopnjo požarne in poplavne ogroženosti ter razdrobljenosti življenjskih okolij barjanskega okarčka v Sloveniji domnevamo, da lahko tovrstne naravne nesreče povzročijo lokalno izumrtje vrste.
Romejščina je zadnje grško narečje, ki se še vedno govori v severnovzhodni Turčiji. O islamizaciji govorcev grščine na področju krajev Of, Sürmene, Rize in Matsouka se poroča v obdobju med petnajstim ...in osemnajstim stoletjem. Čeprav je leta 1923 prišlo do izmenjave prebivalstva med Grčijo in Turčijo, je bilo muslimanskim govorcem grščine dovoljeno ostati v maloazijski domovini, kar je razlog, da se je grščina v manjših enklavah ohranila vse do dandanes. Petnajst let po začetku terenskih raziskav pričujoča razprava prinaša temeljne ugotovitve o romejščini: obravnavamo njeno zunanjo zgodovino in genealogijo, opišemo predhodne poskuse dokumentacije jezikovnega gradiva in na kratko predstavimo slovnični sistem. Zadnji del razprave je posvečen trenutnemu sociolingvističnemu stanju ter poskusom oživljanja jezika, ki jih umestimo tudi v kontekst premnogih izzivov ideološke narave (oz. takšnih, ki so si ideološki predznak pridobili), s katerimi se soočajo.
Abstract
The paper summarizes current knowledge on the population size, habitat, conservation status and conservation measures for the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in Slovenia. The ...species is an extremely rare forest specialist species. It inhabits mostly Dinaric beech Fagus sylvatica forests from Trnovski gozd, Nanos, Javorniki Mts and Mt Snežnik to the Kočevsko region and Gorjanci Mts. The species is also present in the Zasavje region and Mt Boč. The majority of the population (80%) inhabits the altitudinal belt between 700 and 1400 m a.s.l. The size of the Slovenian breeding population is currently estimated at 100-150 breeding pairs. Using the new survey playback method, we expect to find the species at additional sites. The highest densities were recorded on Mt Snežnik (0.7 breeding pairs/km
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in the Zatrep - Planinc forest reserve, 0.6 breeding pairs/km
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at Gomance) and in the Gorjanci Mts (0.6-0.9 breeding pairs/km
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in the Kobile forest reserve). The species inhabits beech and mixed forests with an important percentage of dead trees. The volume of dead trees was measured only at few sites inhabited by the species and ranged from 42 to 283 m
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/ha. Signs of foraging were detected mainly on beech snags and stumps; all nests were found in upright beech snags. In Slovenia, the species is threatened by the low percentage of dead deciduous trees in forests, the construction of new forest roads, the increased annual timber harvest and a weak network of forest reserves. The proposed conservation measures include increasing the amount of dead deciduous trees in managed forests, increasing the area of forest reserves and halting the construction of new forest roads.
Prispevek obravnava problematiko lokalnih vodnih virov na primeru Bele krajine - podeželske, kraške pokrajine v jugovzhodni Sloveniji. Na terenu smo inventarizirali 261 različnih vodnih virov, ...preučili njihovo nekdanjo in sedanjo rabo ter vlogo v življenju lokalnega prebivalstva in podali oceno njihove hidrogeološke občutljivosti ter hidroekološke ogroženosti. Z izgradnjo vodovoda so belokranjski vodni viri izgubili svoj tradicionalni vodooskrbni pomen, navezanost lokalnega prebivalstva nanje in vedenje o njih pa tone v pozabo. Kljub temu posamezne lokalne skupnosti v zadnjem času prepoznavajo njihovo naravno, kulturno in ekosistemsko vrednost, kar se zrcali v pobudah za ohranjanje, zaščito in obnovo posameznih vodnih virov. Večina belokranjskih vodnih virov je zaradi kraškega površja sicer zelo občutljivih za onesnaževanje, vendar pa je njihova dejanska hidroekološka ogroženost, ki izhaja iz človekovih dejavnosti v zaledju, razmeroma majhna.
Prispevek obravnava osnovne strokovne termine v geografiji naravnih nesreč, s katerimi ne samo poimenujemo pojave, ampak vključujejo tudi teoretske in metodološke temelje stroke. Njihovi pomeni so ...obravnavani z vidika geografije, ki opredeljuje naravne nesreče kot sestavni del pokrajine in iz tega naj bi izhajal tudi geografski pomen teh izrazov. Poenotenje v okviru geografije je še pomembnejše zaradi interdisciplinarnega preučevanja naravnih nesreč, saj obstajajo precejšnje razlike med izrazjem sodelujočih strok.
The article examines issues of local water resources using Bela Krajina as an example - a rural, karst landscape in south-eastern Slovenia. In the field, we made an inventory of 261 different water ...resources, analysing their past and current use along with their role in the life of the local population and assessing their hydrogeological sensitivity and hydroecological threat they face. With the introduction of distributed water systems, water resources lost their traditional importance in terms of water supply, with local population’s reliance on and knowledge about them fading. Nevertheless, certain local communities have recently recognized their natural and cultural value, as well as their importance to ecosystems, which is reflected in initiatives for the preservation, protection and restoration of individual water resources. Most of Bela Krajina’s water resources are very sensitive to pollution due to the karst surface, however the actual hydroecological threat they face from human activities in their catchments is relatively low.
Prispevek obravnava problematiko lokalnih vodnih virov na primeru Bele krajine - podeželske, kraške pokrajine v jugovzhodni Sloveniji. Na terenu smo inventarizirali 261 različnih vodnih virov, preučili njihovo nekdanjo in sedanjo rabo ter vlogo v življenju lokalnega prebivalstva in podali oceno njihove hidrogeološke občutljivosti ter hidroekološke ogroženosti. Z izgradnjo vodovoda so belokranjski vodni viri izgubili svoj tradicionalni vodooskrbni pomen, navezanost lokalnega prebivalstva nanje in vedenje o njih pa tone v pozabo. Kljub temu posamezne lokalne skupnosti v zadnjem času prepoznavajo njihovo naravno, kulturno in ekosistemsko vrednost, kar se zrcali v pobudah za ohranjanje, zaščito in obnovo posameznih vodnih virov. Večina belokranjskih vodnih virov je zaradi kraškega površja sicer zelo občutljivih za onesnaževanje, vendar pa je njihova dejanska hidroekološka ogroženost, ki izhaja iz človekovih dejavnosti v zaledju, razmeroma majhna.
Introduction. Besides participation in the primary prevention, screening as secondary prevention is an important requirement for primary care services. The effect of this work is influenced by the ...characteristics of individual primary care practices and doctors’ screening habits, as well as by the regulation of screening processes and available financial resources. Between 1999 and 2009, a managed care program was introduced and carried out in Hungary, financed by the government. This financial support and motivation gave the opportunity to increase the number of screenings.
Method. 4,462 patients of 40 primary care practices were screened on the basis of SCORE risk assessment. The results of the screening were compared on the basis of two groups of patients, namely: those who had been pre-screened (pre-screening method) for known risk factors in their medical history (smoking, BMI, age, family cardiovascular history), and those randomly screened. The authors also compared the mortality data of participating primary care practices with the regional and national data.
Results. The average score was significantly higher in the pre-screened group of patients, regardless of whether the risk factors were considered one by one or in combination. Mortality was significantly lower in the participating primary practices than had been expected on the basis of the national mortality data.
Conclusion. This government-financed program was a big step forward to establish a proper screening method within Hungarian primary care. Performing cardiovascular screening of a selected target group is presumably more appropriate than screening within a randomly selected population. Both methods resulted in a visible improvement in regional mortality data, though it is very likely that with pre-screening a more cost-effective selection for screening may be obtained.
Uvod. Poleg primarne preventive je presejanje kot sekundarna preventiva pomemben člen pri storitvah osnovnega zdravstvenega varstva. Na uspešnost tovrstnega dela vplivajo značilnosti posameznih splošnih ambulant varstva in pripravljenost zdravnikov za izvajanje presejalnih pregledov kot tudi ureditev procesov presejanja in razpoložljivih finančnih virov. Med leti 1999 in 2009 je bil v Madžarski uveden in izpeljan program vodene oskrbe, ki ga je financirala vlada. Ta finančna podpora in spodbuda je omogočila priložnost za povečanje števila presejalnih pregledov.
Metode. 4462 pacientov iz 40 splošnih ambulant je bilo vključenih v presejalni pregled v sklopu ocene tveganja SCORE. Rezultate presejanja se je primerjalo na podlagi dveh skupin pacientov, in sicer tistih, ki so bili predhodno presejani (metoda predhodnega presejanja) za znane dejavnike tveganja v njihovi zdravstveni anamnezi (kajenje, indeks telesne mase, starost, zgodovina srčno-žilnih obolenj) ter tistih, ki so bili presejani naključno. Avtorji so primerjali tudi podatke sodelujočih splošnih ambulant o smrtnosti z regionalnimi in nacionalnimi podatki.
Rezultati. Povprečen rezultat je bil bistveno višji v predhodno presejani skupini pacientov, ne glede na to, ali so bili dejavniki tveganja upoštevani posamično ali v kombinaciji. Smrtnost je bila bistveno nižja pri sodelujočih splošnih ambulantah, kot je bilo pričakovati na podlagi nacionalnih podatkov o smrtnosti.
Zaključek. Ta program, ki ga je financirala država, je pomenil velik korak naprej k ustanovitvi ustrezne metode presejanja znotraj madžarskega sistema osnovne zdravstvene oskrbe. Izvajanje presejanja za ogroženost srčnožilnega sistema pri izbrani skupini je očitno bolj primerno od naključnih pregledov. Obe metodi sta vidno prispevali k izboljšanju regionalnih podatkov o smrtnosti, čeprav je precej verjetno, da se s predhodnim presejanjem doseže bolj stroškovno učinkovita izbira presejanj.
Koncept varstva pred škodljivim delovanjem voda se sistemsko nanaša na odnos med poplavno nevarnostjo, poplavno ranljivostjo in poplavno ogroženostjo. Doslej je bila pozornost usmerjena predvsem na ...postopke in vsebine, povezane s poplavno nevarnostjo. Pri raziskovalnem delu s partnerji pa obravnavamo tudi poplavno ranljivost in ogroženost, kar omogoča začetek procesov za sistemsko zmanjšanje slednje. V prispevku bo predstavljen osnovni teoretični pristop, ki opredeljuje poplavno ranljivost, in iz tega izhajajočo poplavno ogroženost, oboje v povezavi s poplavno nevarnostjo. Pri tem je ključnega pomena denarno vrednotenje poplavne ogroženosti oziroma pričakovane poplavne škode. Podajamo tudi ugotovitev, da v evidencah, ki so na voljo v Sloveniji, manjka podatek o koti pritličja objekta. V članku bo predstavljen nov koncept opredeljevanja poplavne ogroženosti glede na različne namene: interventno ukrepanje, izbor ukrepov za zmanjšanje poplavne nevarnosti, razvoj individualnih zaščitnih ukrepov idr. Vsi navedeni ukrepi imajo tudi prostorsko dimenzijo, ki jo upoštevamo kot merilo pri umeščanju v prostor. Tako bo posebej poudarjen vidik prostorskega umeščanja obravnave poplavne ogroženosti in njenega zmanjševanja, ki bi moral biti vključen tudi v dokumente, s katerimi se opredeljuje prostorski razvoj nekega območja ; The conceptual framework of flood management addresses the relationship among flood hazard, flood vulnerability and flood risk. Most of the active efforts in the Republic of Slovenia were focused towards flood hazard mapping. In this research, the issue of flood vulnerability and flood hazard is addressed in order to systematically reduce flood hazards. In this article, an advanced theoretical approach is presented, which defines flood vulnerability and (in connection to flood risk) provides information on flood hazards. Based upon this, it is possible to define flood hazards in monetary terms. This approach is setting forward special information that is missing from existing public registries, i.e. benchmark data. The article also presents a new concept of flood hazard definition, which is based upon different uses of flood hazard information: rescue and relief measures, optimization and selection of flood hazard mitigation measures, development of individual flood proofing measures, and other. All the listed measures have their spatial dimension, which is also a subject of positioning into space. In this framework, an information of spatial positioning of existing flood hazard and mitigation measures aiming at the reduction of flood hazard is challenged, especially from the point of view of development of documents that define development of specific area.
Slovenia is endangered by floods. Frequent intensive rainfall and heavy rains, a large proportion of mountainous and hilly regions, and numerous populated narrow valley bottoms are the primary ...reasons for this threat. Floods endanger about seventy thousand hectares of lowlands, and torrential flooding endangers a further three thousand hectares. Due to this enormous threat, Slovenia has more than one hundred years of experience in the field of flood prevention, while only more recently has the awareness developed in the European Union that flood prevention is cheaper in the long run than simply dealing with the consequences of floods. This fact is reflected in the increasing number of laws passed to deal with this danger, and for this purpose maps of flood hazard and flood risk are very important and are presented in the book.