•Reported Countermeasure and Opportunistic screening systems for oral cancer.•Checked 19,721 persons in Countermeasure Screening over 27 years.•Checked 29,912 persons in Opportunistic Screening over ...13 years.•Detection of oral cancer, 0.13, 0.08% in countermeasure, opportunistic screening.•Screening Systems is useful for detecting oral cancer and mucosal disease.
Tokyo Dental College started oral cancer screening in cooperation with a local dental association in 1992. Reveal the usefulness of Countermeasure and Opportunistic Screening Systems for Oral Cancer. The actual results of countermeasure and opportunistic oral cancer screening systems are reported.
Countermeasure screening for the public was performed in each region, and opportunistic screening was performed in a general dental clinic of a cooperating physician.
In countermeasure screening, 19,721 persons were checked from 1992 to 2018; the gender ratio was 1:3. The close examination rate was 4.45%. The detection rates of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders were 0.13% and 1.85%, respectively. In opportunistic screening, 29,912 persons were checked from 2006 to 2018; the gender ratio was 2:3. The close examination rate was 2.33%. The detection rates of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders were 0.08% and 2.15%, respectively.
The close examination rate was significantly lower in opportunistic screening than in countermeasure screening. The oral cancer detection rates and the positive predictive value for cancer were equivalent. In addition, the detection rate of oral potentially malignant disorders was significantly higher in opportunistic screening than in countermeasure screening.
Oral cancer detection rates were equivalent between countermeasure and opportunistic screenings, and opportunistic screening were more effective on number of participants and the close examination rate, and the detection rate of oral potentially malignant disorders.
A non-invasive sampling procedure for the early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes was applied in 4 different OSCC risk-group of ...patients. Aim of the study is to evaluate the between-group differences and the variables related to the methylation profile of each group.
Oral brushing samples were collected from 54 healthy subjects, 31 Oral Leukoplakia (OL) patients, 18 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) patients and 26 patients previously treated for OSCC. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value.
None of the samples from 54 healthy subjects were positive, whereas 22/31 OL, 3/18 OLP and 8/26 surgically treated OSCC samples showed positive values with respect to the cut-off. In OL patients, dysplasia was the only variable significantly related to positive values: 10/10 OLs with high-grade dysplasia were positive with respect to 12/21 OLs without dysplasia (Chi 6.039, p< 0.05).
DNA methylation analysis in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing seems to be a promising genetic method to distinguish lesions at high risk of developing OSCC. Larger population studies and an adequate follow-up period are necessary to confirm these preliminary data.
Written Voices, Spoken Signsis a stimulating introduction to new perspectives on Homer and other traditional epics. Taking advantage of recent research on language and social exchange, the nine ...essays in this volume focus on performance and audience reception of oral poetry.
These innovative essays by leading scholars of Homer, oral poetics, and epic invite us to rethink some key concepts for an understanding of traditional epic poetry. Egbert Bakker examines the epic performer's use of time and tense in recounting a past that is alive. Tackling the question of full-length performance of the monumentalIliad, Andrew Ford considers the extent to which the work was perceived as a coherent whole in the archaic age. John Miles Foley addresses questions about spoken signs and the process of reference in epic discourse, and Ahuvia Kahane studies rhythm as a semantic factor in the Homeric performance. Richard Martin suggests a new range of performance functions for the Homeric simile. And Gregory Nagy establishes the importance of one feature of epic language, the ellipsis. These six essays centered on Homer engage with fundamental issues that are addressed by three essays primarily concerned with medieval epic: those by Franz Bäuml on the concept of fact; by Wulf Oesterreicher on types of orality; and by Ursula Schaefer on written and spoken media. In their Introduction the editors highlight the underlying approach and viewpoints of this collaborative volume.Reviews of this book:"Despite its wide range of topics and approaches, the volume has a clear thematic focus. All contributors seek to leave behind the more formal concerns of past generations of scholars and aim instead at an understanding of orality as that which is (conceptually or actually) close, immediate, or performed. In their joint search for the new picture, classicists, linguists, and medievalists discover a range of different 'oralities'."
--J. Haubold,Classical Review
Tobacco Use and Oral Health Ford, Pauline J.; Rich, Alison M.
Addiction (Abingdon, England),
December 2021, Letnik:
116, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This review outlines the important oral implications of tobacco use. The lining of the mouth (oral mucosa), if exposed to tobacco and its products in a susceptible individual, can develop benign, ...potentially malignant, and malignant tumours. Treatment and prognosis depend on tumour type, how early it is detected, its size and site in the oral cavity and whether it has spread. Advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a 20% 5‐year survival rate. Tobacco use also increases the risk of periodontitis, peri‐implantitis, caries, alveolar osteitis and halitosis. Although less life threatening than OSCC, these tobacco related conditions create a substantial financial and health burden for individuals and society. Dental practitioners routinely examine the oral cavity for signs of mucosal and tooth changes, are experienced in recognising variations from normal and have established management and referral pathways. They are also ideally positioned to provide brief interventions to assist their patients to quit smoking.
For decades, combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been the first-line treatment for menstrual and pelvic pain associated with endometriosis without any clinical evidence ...of efficacy. Initial relief provided by OCPs is likely a result of improvement in primary dysmenorrhea. Biologic data and limited clinical evidence support a potential adverse effect of long-term use of OCPs on the progression of endometriosis. In contrast, there is randomized, controlled trial data to support the use of oral progestin-only treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis and for suppressing the anatomic extent of endometriotic lesions. Both norethindrone acetate and dienogest have regulatory approval for treating endometriosis and may be better than OCPs as a first-line therapy.
•There is a probably underestimation of the malignant transformation potential of OLP.•Epithelial dysplasia should not be considered as an exclusion criterion for the diagnostic of OLP.•The most ...concerns aspects related with the risk of OSCC development in OLP patients are atrophic-erosive lesions in tongue.•Patients affected for OLP should be following for long periods, probably full life.•Tobacco, alcohol and HCV infection increase the risk of malignant transformation in OLP patients.
To evaluate current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), and oral lichenoid reactions (LRs) and to determine the variables with greatest influence on cancer development.
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2018. We evaluated the quality of studies (QUIPS tool). We carried out meta-analyses to fulfill our objectives. We examined the between-study heterogeneity and small-study effects, and conducted sensitivity studies and subgroup analyses.
Inclusion criteria were met by 82 studies (26,742 patients. The combined malignant transformation rate was 1.14% for OLP (95% CI = 0.84–1.49), 1.88% for OLLs (95% CI = 0.15–4.95) and 1.71% for LRs (95% CI = 0.00–5.46). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher malignant transformation rate in studies when the presence of epithelial dysplasia was not an exclusion criterion (p = 0.001), when both clinical and histopathological criteria were used for diagnosis (p < 0.001), when the follow-up was at least 12 months (p = 0.048), and when there was lower risk of potential bias (p = 0.002). Malignant transformation risk factors were: tongue localization (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.21–2.74, p = 0.004), presence of atrophic-erosive lesions (RR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.40–6.98, p < 0.001), tobacco use (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.28–3.05, p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (RR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.14–4.56, p = 0.02), and hepatitis C virus infection (RR = 4.46, 95% CI = 0.98–20.22, p = 0.053).
The malignant transformation rates of OLP, OLLs and LRs are underestimated due essentially to restrictive diagnostic criteria, inadequate follow-up periods, and/or low quality of studies.
Objectives
We aimed to provide pooled estimates of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and evaluate the impact of presence of epithelial dysplasia.
...Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that examined the prevalence of HPV DNA in OPMD tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
Across 52 eligible studies (2,677 cases), we found an overall pooled HPV prevalence of 22.5% (95% confidence interval CI 16.6–29.0). Between‐study heterogeneity was 93%. When stratified by subgroup, the pooled HPV prevalence in leukoplakia (1,232 cases) was 20.2% (95% CI 11.2–31.1), lichen planus (767 cases) 23.0% (95% CI 15.0–32.2), oral submucous fibrosis (238 cases) 28.6% (95% CI 23.0–34.5), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (60 cases) 24.7% (95% CI 1.8–62.0), and OPMD unspecified (377 cases) 25.4% (95% CI 16.2–35.8). Information on presence of epithelial dysplasia was available in 19 studies, and the results did not vary substantially between non‐dysplastic and dysplastic samples. HPV16 was the predominant genotype among HPV‐positive OPMD cases (48.2%, 95% CI 31.4–65.2).
Conclusion
We found a pooled HPV DNA prevalence of 22.5% in OPMD cases with great between‐study heterogeneity. The HPV prevalence appeared to be comparable across subgroups and independent of epithelial dysplasia.
Oral cancers can be preceded by clinically evident oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The current study evaluated the rate and the time of malignant transformation in the various OPMDs in ...a cohort of patients from southern Taiwan. Parameters possibly indicative for malignant transformation of OPMDs, such as epidemiological and etiological factors, and clinical and histopathological features were also described.
We followed-up 5071 patients with OPMDs-epithelial dysplasia with oral submucous fibrosis, epithelial dysplasia with hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, lichen planus, and verrucous hyperplasia-between 2001 and 2010 for malignant transformation.
Two hundred nineteen of these 5071 OPMD patients (202 men, 17 women; mean age: 51.25 years; range: 30-81 years) developed oral cancers (179 squamous cell carcinomas; 40 verrucous carcinomas) in the same sites as the initial lesions at least 6 months after their initial biopsies. The overall transformation rate was 4.32% (mean duration of transformation: 33.56 months; range: 6-67 months). Additionally, the mean time of malignant transformation was significantly shorter for lesions with than without epithelial dysplasia. The risk of malignant transformation was 1.89 times higher for epithelially dysplastic than non-dysplastic lesions. The anatomical site of OPMD and the presence of epithelial dysplasia were significantly associated with malignant transformation. The hazard rate ratio was 1.87 times larger for tongue lesions than for buccal lesions.
Patients with OPMDs require long-term follow up.
Objectives
To identify possible associations between patients’ demographics and habits and the clinical aspects and histopathological characteristics of oral leukoplakia (OL) at patients’ first ...visit.
Method
A total of 140 consecutive patients with OL at a single institute between 1997 and 2019. All biopsies were microscopically examined for classic dysplasia (CD) (WHO definition oral epithelial dysplasia) and differentiated dysplasia (DD) known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Clinical characteristics were correlated to histopathological diagnosis and odds ratios (OR) were calculated.
Results
A total of 96 females and 44 males, mean age 58 years, were presented. OLs were found mainly on the tongue (41%) and floor of mouth (FOM) (18%). Homogeneous OLs (58%) were associated with smoking, FOM and size <2cm and non‐homogeneous OLs (42%) with non‐smokers. No dysplasia was present in 40% and any dysplasia (AD) in 60%. Tongue OLs were correlated with AD (OR:6.0) and CD (OR:5.7). FOM OLs were correlated with CD (OR:4.5). DD was correlated with non‐homogeneous OLs (OR:2.6).
Conclusions
CD was most frequently observed in tongue and FOM OLs, while DD was associated with non‐homogeneous OLs. In this series of patients, there was no consistent reliable association between the clinical and histopathological features and clinical characteristics can therefore not substitute microscopic examination of biopsies.
Objectives
Oral health self‐care deteriorates in older adults due to a decreasing level of cognition increasing disability and/or a reduction in manual dexterity. Older adults in hospital care or ...residential care therefore increasingly need assistance for oral health care. There is an increase in dentate patients entering residential care due to advances in dentistry. It is suggested therefore that nurses in aged care increasingly need advanced knowledge to care for their older dentate patients to prevent and minimize progression of oral diseases, given the impact of poor oral health on general health. The current study was conducted to investigate the oral health care knowledge of nursing graduates across Aotearoa New Zealand.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted among third year nursing graduates in 18 nursing institutes in New Zealand. Oral health care knowledge and oral–systemic connection knowledge, and predictors of oral health care knowledge were investigated.
Results
Total 148 students participated in the student's survey, making it 15% of 2020 graduates. The students’ survey results suggested that nursing graduates have good basic oral health knowledge, however, their knowledge of the oral–systemic disease connection and the value of an examination of the oral cavity were poor.
Conclusion
The oral health care knowledge of nursing students and their ability to care for older adults relies on oral health care education in their nursing programs. A revision of curricula to improve oral health education in nursing programs is strongly recommended.
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