Osmotic stress significantly hampers plant growth and crop yields, emphasizing the need for a thorough comprehension of the underlying molecular responses. Previous research has demonstrated that ...osmotic stress rapidly induces calcium influx and signaling, along with the activation of a specific subset of protein kinases, notably the Raf-sucrose nonfermenting-1–related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) kinase cascades within minutes. However, the intricate interplay between calcium signaling and the activation of RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades remains elusive. Here, in this study, we discovered that Raf-like protein (RAF) kinases undergo hyperphosphorylation in response to osmotic shocks. Intriguingly, treatment with the calcium chelator EGTA robustly activates RAF-SnRK2 cascades, mirroring the effects of osmotic treatment. Utilizing high-throughput data-independent acquisition–based phosphoproteomics, we unveiled the global impact of EGTA on protein phosphorylation. Beyond the activation of RAFs and SnRK2s, EGTA treatment also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, Calcium-dependent protein kinases, and receptor-like protein kinases, etc. Through overlapping assays, we identified potential roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases and receptor-like protein kinases in the osmotic stress–induced activation of RAF-SnRK2 cascades. Our findings illuminate the regulation of phosphorylation and cellular events by Ca2+ signaling, offering insights into the (exocellular) Ca2+ deprivation during early hyperosmolality sensing and signaling.
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•Application of the calcium chelator EGTA activates RAF-SnRK2 cascades in Arabidopsis.•The phosphoproteomics profiles triggered by EGTA and mannitol largely overlap.•EGTA and mannitol activate MAP4Ks and RLKs independently of RAF-SnRK2 cascades.
Osmotic stress impedes plant growth, necessitating understanding of molecular responses. Research shows calcium influx and RAF-SnRK2 kinase activation under osmotic stress. In this study, we found the calcium chelator EGTA activates RAF-SnRK2 cascades similarly to osmotic stress. High-throughput DIA phosphoproteomics revealed EGTA's broader impact on protein phosphorylation, activating MAPKs, CDPKs, and receptor-like protein kinases. Assays highlighted MAP4Ks and receptor-like kinases in osmotic stress–induced RAF-SnRK2 cascade activation, shedding light on Ca2+ signaling regulation and osmotic stress response.
has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant (MDR) medical care-associated fungal pathogen. Recent reports have demonstrated that
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transmission within and between healthcare facilities is unique among
spp. and is possibly promoted by virulence and pathogenicity factors that facilitate skin colonization and environmental persistence. To understand the ability of this yeast to cause disease, we herein discuss several virulence and pathogenicity aspects of
Recent studies have revealed that B-subgroup rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) kinases have pivotal roles in hormone signaling and stress responses across a wide range of organisms. In this ...forum, I explore their evolution and diverse signaling pathways, highlighting the significance of B-RAF kinases in plant growth and plant–environment interactions while discussing open questions for future research.
Recent studies have revealed that B-subgroup rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) kinases have pivotal roles in hormone signaling and stress responses across a wide range of organisms. In this forum, I explore their evolution and diverse signaling pathways, highlighting the significance of B-RAF kinases in plant growth and plant–environment interactions while discussing open questions for future research.
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining ...the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review Liang, Wenji; Ma, Xiaoli; Wan, Peng ...
Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
01/2018, Letnik:
495, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Almost all crops that are important to humans are sensitive to high salt concentration in the soil. The presence of salt in soil is one of the most significant abiotic stresses in farming. Therefore, ...improving plant salt tolerance and increasing the yield and quality of crops in salty land is vital. Transgenic technology is a fast and effective method to obtain salt-tolerant varieties. At present, many scholars have studied salt damage to plant and plant salt-tolerance mechanism. These scholars have cloned a number of salt-related genes and achieved high salt tolerance for transgenic plants, thereby showing attractive prospects.
In this paper, the salt-tolerance mechanism of plants is described from four aspects: plant osmotic stress, ion toxicity, oxidative stress, and salt tolerance genes. This review may help in studies to reveal the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, screen high efficiency and quality salt tolerance crops.
•The crops production were significantly inhibited by salt.•It is particularly important to study the function of salt tolerant genes.•We described plant salt tolerance mechanism from four aspects.•They were osmotic stress, ion toxicity, oxidative stress and salt tolerance genes.
Salinity is a prevalent soil issue that reduces crop growth by a combination of osmotic stress and ion-specific toxicity. The crop response to salt stress is generally described in terms of a two ...phase model in which growth is initially reduced by osmotic stress and then Na+ toxicity. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms to salt stress is still not well understood. In this study a high-resolution image capture and analysis system was used to monitor shoot growth of faba bean plants non-destructively, while gas exchange measurements were used to examine the effects on photosynthesis in order to gain an understanding of the aforementioned stress mechanisms. The results of this soil-based study suggested that responses of crop growth to salinity stress depend on its severity: osmotic stress was the predominant cause of reduced growth at high levels of salinity, while specific-ion toxicity was more important under mild stress. We showed that the tolerant faba bean variety used dual mechanisms of ion exclusion and osmotic tolerance compared with the sensitive variety. Analysis of photosynthetic responses indicated that the extent to which stomatal closure affects photosynthetic capacity is indicated by the magnitude of the reduction in intercellular CO2 concentration.
•Non-destructive measurements of plant growth enabled quantification of osmotic and ionic effects of salt stress.•The relative importance of osmotic stress varies with the severity and duration of salt stress.•A dual mechanism of ion exclusion and osmotic tolerance is essential to improve salt tolerance.
Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants van Zelm, Eva; Zhang, Yanxia; Testerink, Christa
Annual review of plant biology,
04/2020, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place ...cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context in order to link them to observed phases in growth rate that occur in response to stress. Recent advances in phenotyping can now functionally or genetically link cellular signaling responses, ion transport, water management, and gene expression to growth, development, and survival. Halophytes, which are naturally salt-tolerant plants, are highlighted as success stories to learn from. We emphasize that (
a
) filling the major knowledge gaps in salt-induced signaling pathways, (
b
) increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of our knowledge of salt stress responses, (
c
) discovering and considering crop-specific responses, and (
d
) including halophytes in our comparative studies are all essential in order to take our approaches to increasing crop yields in saline soils to the next level.
Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth, development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold and flooding, ...have profound effects on plant growth and survival. Adaptation and tolerance to such stresses require sophisticated sensing, signalling and stress response mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how diverse plant hormones control abiotic stress responses in plants and highlight points of hormonal crosstalk during abiotic stress signalling. Control mechanisms and stress responses mediated by plant hormones including abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins are discussed. We discuss new insights into osmotic stress sensing and signalling mechanisms, hormonal control of gene regulation and plant development during stress, hormone-regulated submergence tolerance and stomatal movements. We further explore how innovative imaging approaches are providing insights into single-cell and tissue hormone dynamics. Understanding stress tolerance mechanisms opens new opportunities for agricultural applications.
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