To examine whether exposure to long working hours predicts various forms of sleep disturbance; short sleep, difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking, early waking and waking without feeling ...refreshed.
Prospective study with 2 measurements of working hours (phase 3, 1991-1994 and phase 5, 1997-1999) and 2 measurements of subjective sleep disturbances (phase 5 and phase 7, 2002-2004).
The Whitehall II study of British civil servants.
Full time workers free of sleep disturbances at phase 5 and employed at phases 5 and 7 (n = 937-1594) or at phases 3, 5, and 7 (n = 886-1510).
Working more than 55 hours a week, compared with working 35-40 hours a week, was related to incident sleep disturbances; demographics-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) 1.98 (1.05, 3.76) for shortened sleeping hours, 3.68 (1.58, 8.58) for difficulty falling asleep; and 1.98 (1.04, 3.77) for waking without feeling refreshed. Repeat exposure to long working hours was associated with odds ratio 3.24 (1.45, 7.27) for shortened sleep, 6.66 (2.64, 16.83) for difficulty falling asleep, and 2.23 (1.16, 4.31) for early morning awakenings. Some associations were attenuated after adjustment for other risk factors. To a great extent, similar results were obtained using working hours as a continuous variable. Imputation of missing values supported the findings on shortened sleep and difficulty in falling asleep.
Working long hours appears to be a risk factor for the development of shortened sleeping hours and difficulty falling asleep.
ObjectivesThe mining industry is increasingly adopting extended workdays of 10–12 hour shifts. Studies demonstrate that long work hours are associated with psychomotor impairments caused by fatigue ...and an increased risk of injury. However, studies involving miners remain limited. This analysis aimed to identify risk factors associated with long working hour injuries and to determine if long working hour incidents were associated with being killed or incidents involving multiple injured workers.MethodsData from US Mine Safety and Health Administration Part 50 reports, 1983–2015, were used to identify long working hour injuries, which were defined as incidents occurring nine or more hours after the start of a shift.ResultsA total of 52 206 injuries (9.6%) occurred during long working hours. The proportion of long working hour injuries increased from 5.5% of all injuries in 1983 to its peak in 2015 at 13.9% (p<0.001). Risk factors associated with long working hour injuries included irregular shift starts, being newly employed, employment by a contractor, metal/non-metal operations and mines with <100 employees. In two separate adjusted models, long working hour injuries were associated with a higher odds of death (adjusted OR aOR=1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48) and single incidents resulting in two or more workers injured (aOR=1.73; 95% CI 1.58 to 1.89).ConclusionsLong working hour injuries were associated with a lack of routine, being new at the mine and specific mining activities. An international shift towards using contract labour and extended workdays indicates that injuries during long working hours will likely continue to grow as a problem in the mining industry.
There existed a lack of measuring instruments to clarify employees’ psychological motivation for working overtime, which challenged the management of employees’ occupational safety and health. ...Therefore, this article conducted three studies to develop and validate the Motivation for Overtime Work among Chinese Employees (MOW-CE) questionnaire. Study 1 developed the initial questionnaire, consisting of 55 questions. Study 2 involved a formal questionnaire exploring
overtime work motivation
, which was based on the data obtained from 208 valid questionnaires. Reliability analysis, item analysis, and principal component analysis were carried out to examine six factors, including
promotion
,
belongingness
,
survival
,
companion
,
standard
, and
aimless
, consisting of 21 items. Based on these data, Study 2 constructed the progressive model of
external–internal overtime work motivation
. Finally, Study 3 validated the formal questionnaire by analyzing the data obtained from 1412 valid questionnaires. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed good convergence validity and structural discrimination, and the questionnaire also passed the reliability test. This study proposes a new questionnaire that facilitates an understanding of why individuals work overtime according to an advanced model of external
-
internal motivations.
Under the overtime work regulations for physicians that will be enforced in April 2024, the upper limit for overtime work, including work during holidays, is 960 hours per year in principle, whereas ...an upper limit of 1,860 hours per year is tentatively set for some medical institutions. Medical institutions must focus on improving the working environment of hospital-employed physicians and, in particular, reducing the amount of work. Building a night-work system and obtaining approval for night or day duty from the director of the Labor Standards Office greatly affect working hours. Settling aside time from working hours for self-improvement might also be effective for shortening overtime work. Task shifting is important, but it requires a change in the mindset of neurosurgeons. Due to the new overtime regulations, neurosurgical institutions will possibly become more centralized, to manage stroke patients.
As one of the typical occupations in the new forms of employment generated by the platform economy, a courier has become an important channel for workers to achieve employment and increase their ...income. The labour process control of a courier by platforms has led to a decline in their employment experience and high mobility, which has affected the overall stability of employment. Using couriers as the research target, a questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the influence mechanism of platform labour process control on employment mobility intentions and the heterogeneity of this influence mechanism among different types of workers. The results show that among the three elements of platform labour process control, algorithmic control, incentive control, and evaluation control all have a significant, positive impact on the employment mobility intentions of couriers, with overtime work and job autonomy playing a partly mediating role respectively, job autonomy playing a significantly larger mediating role than overtime work, and part-time workers are more likely to be influenced by platform labour process control than full-time workers. On this basis, it provides a basis and reference for relevant government departments to implement effective regulation of platform enterprises, to control the degree of platform labour process control within a reasonable range, and to enhance the employment stability of workers, which has distinct theoretical and practical significance.
Purpose: Overtime work is associated with a risk of developing various diseases, including oral diseases. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a more comprehensive assessment than those of ...individual diseases and can be affected by longer working hours.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the association of overtime work duration with OHRQoL. Data were obtained from an online survey of Japanese workers in February 2016. OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the ratio of means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overtime work duration for OHIP-49 scores after adjusting for sociodemographic and health behavior covariates.Results: Of 2,764 (2,178 male and 586 female) workers (mean age, 44.6 ± 10.0 years), those with longer duration of overtime work tended to exhibit poorer OHRQoL. The mean OHIP-49 scores of those who did not work overtime and worked for ≥5 h overtime were 27.93 ± 28.53 and 40.97 ± 38.86, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared to those who did not work overtime, the mean OHIP-49 score was 1.41 times higher (95% CI 1.38-1.44) for those who worked for ≥5 h overtime.Conclusion: Longer overtime work duration was associated with poor OHRQoL.
WEB BASED WATERMARKING SYSTEM Shun, Mak Kai; Hafit, Hanayanti; Kasim, Shahreen ...
Acta informatica Malaysia,
02/2017, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The recent progress in the digital multimedia technologies has offered many facilities in the transmission, reproduction and manipulation of data. However, this advance has brought the problem such ...as copyright protection for content providers. Watermarking is one of the proposed solutions for copyright protection of multimedia. Most of the content provider use Photoshop to create a watermark photo, but Photoshop involve many procedures to complete a watermarked image. In addition, watermark image using Photoshop easily destroy by attacker where attacker can modifies the image to remove the watermark from the image. Hence, it has become a tough task to protect copyright of an individual’s creation. Thus, i-Mark is developed to solve the problem to protect the watermarked image. An invisible watermark embeds an imperceptible signal into data such as image, which indicates whether or not the content is copyrighted. By using i-Mark, invisible watermarking was provided where steganography method was implemented for users to encrypt message into an image. Hence, the image is protected from been easily modifies or copy by others. Meanwhile, i-Mark allow user to store their invisible watermarked image in database and can be view later. In addition, i-Mark also can made a visible watermark where user can adding text on the cover of image more convenient than Photoshop. In conclusion, i-Mark provides users to watermark their image either visible watermark or invisible watermark. Hence, throughout the project, user may use the system user friendly compare to Photoshop
CLAIM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Wah, Ong Lee; Hassan, Rohayanti; Kasim, Shahreen ...
Acta informatica Malaysia,
02/2017, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
MBJB Claim Management System is developed to provide an online platform for MBJB staff to manage the claim activities. By changing the current manual claim method to computerised system, the ...effectiveness and efficiency of claim process have been improved, for instances this system can quicken the approval process as well as allow applicants to check the status of claim application, minimizes human errors in calculation and provides several type of claim report. By putting the system online, there is no more problems of time and distance. Iterative Model which each iterative are mini-waterfall is applied to develop this project. Furthermore, Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture is also used for developing this project. Hence, laravel framework is used. Data dictionary is produced for better understanding on system database. Several user interfaces are created to visualise the actual system environment. Last but not least, Hypertext pre-processor (PHP), Javascript, jQuery and MySQL are used during system development. As a conclusion, MBJB Claim Management system can replace the existing manual claim management as well as bring benefits to staff MBJB.
This study examined the effects of short sleep duration (SSD) on hemodynamic and psychological responses under long working hours (LWH) in a laboratory experiment. Sixteen subjects participated in a ...crossover design experiment consisting of two conditions: normal (7-hours) sleep and short (5-hours) sleep. In each condition, participants engaged in simulated LWH (13 hours a day), comprising 12 task sessions. Hemodynamic and psychological responses were measured in each session. Results showed that there were significant main effects of condition and session but no interaction for hemodynamic and psychological responses. Systolic blood pressure and fatigue were higher in the later sessions than the first one. Stroke volume, sleepiness, fatigue, and stress were higher in the 5-hour than the 7-hour sleep condition (all p<0.05). These results suggest that although the combined effect of LWH and SSD was not significant, both LWH and SSD caused a hemodynamic and psychological burden.
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