IoT-driven intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have great potential and capacity to make transportation systems efficient, safe, smart, reliable, and sustainable. The IoT provides the access and ...driving forces of seamlessly integrating transportation systems from the physical world to the virtual counterparts in the cyber world. In this paper, we present visions and works on integrating the artificial intelligent transportation systems and the real intelligent transportation systems to create and enhance "intelligence" of IoT-enabled ITS. With the increasing ubiquitous and deep sensing capacity of IoT-enabled ITS, we can quickly create artificial transportation systems equivalent to physical transportation systems in computers, and thus have parallel intelligent transportation systems, i.e. the real intelligent transportation systems and artificial intelligent transportation systems. The evolution process of transportation system is studied in the view of the parallel world. We can use a large number of long-term iterative simulation to predict and analyze the expected results of operations. Thus, truly effective and smart ITS can be planned, designed, built, operated and used. The foundation of the parallel intelligent transportation systems is based on the ACP theory, which is composed of artificial societies, computational experiments, and parallel execution. We also present some case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of parallel transportation systems.
This paper introduces a framework of parallel control and management for high-speed railway systems (HRSs). First, based on multiagent modeling, an artificial HRS that is consistent with realistic ...operations of the actual HRS is constructed. Then, different kinds of computational experiments are performed on the artificial HRS, followed by analysis and synthesis with a case. Finally, through an interactive and parallel operation between the actual and artificial HRSs, a set of practical control and management strategies can be achieved for the actual HRS. With the primary objective of ensuring reliability and safety of HRSs, this study could enhance the quality of services and the integrated transportability with other existing modes of transportation systems to provide appropriate recommendations and strategies for forming an overall effective comprehensive transportation system.
To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment, a framework of parallel healthcare systems (PHSs) based on the artificial systems + computational experiments + parallel ...execution (ACP) approach is proposed in this paper. PHS uses artificial healthcare systems to model and represent patients' conditions, diagnosis, and treatment process, then applies computational experiments to analyze and evaluate various therapeutic regimens, and implements parallel execution for decision-making support and real-time optimization in both actual and artificial healthcare processes. In addition, we combine the emerging blockchain technology with PHS, via constructing a consortium blockchain linking patients, hospitals, health bureaus, and healthcare communities for comprehensive healthcare data sharing, medical records review, and care auditability. Finally, a prototype named parallel gout diagnosis and treatment system is built and deployed to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the blockchain-powered PHS framework.
Based on its simplicity and user‐friendly characteristics, OpenMP has become the standard model for programming on shared‐memory architectures. Checkpointing‐aided parallel execution (CAPE) is an ...approach that utilizes the discontinuous incremental checkpointing technique (DICKPT) to translate and execute OpenMP programs on distributed‐memory architectures automatically. Currently, CAPE implements the OpenMP execution model by utilizing the DICKPT to distribute parallel jobs and their data to slave machines, and then collects the results after executing these distributed jobs. Although this model has been proven to be effective in terms of performance and compatibility with OpenMP on distributed‐memory systems, it cannot fully exploit the capabilities of multicore processors. This paper presents a novel execution model for CAPE that utilizes two levels of parallelism. In the proposed model, we add another level of parallelism in the form of multithreaded processes on slave machines with the goal of better exploiting their multicore CPUs. Initial experimental results presented near the end of this paper demonstrate that this model provides significantly enhanced CAPE performance.
Parallel and Asynchronous Smart Contract Execution Liu, Jian; Li, Peilun; Cheng, Raymond ...
IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,
2022-May-1, 2022-5-1, Letnik:
33, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Today's blockchains suffer from low throughput and high latency, which impedes their widespread adoption of more complex applications like smart contracts. In this article, we propose a novel ...paradigm for smart contract execution. It distinguishes between consensus nodes and execution nodes: different groups of execution nodes can execute transactions in parallel; meanwhile, consensus nodes can asynchronously order transactions and process execution results. Moreover, it requires no coordination among execution nodes and can effectively prevent livelocks. We show two ways of applying this paradigm to blockchains. First, we show how we can make Ethereum support parallel and asynchronous contract execution without hard-forks . Then, we propose a new public, permissionless blockchain. Our benchmark shows that, with a fast consensus layer, it can provide a high throughput even for complex transactions like Cryptokitties gene mixing. It can also protect simple transactions from being starved by complex transactions.
Advancements in complexity, complex systems, and the intelligence sciences, particularly smart city technologies, have shown great potential in aiding to ease traffic congestion. The overall approach ...and the main ideas in building smart transportation for smart cities, particularly ACP (artificial system, computational experiment, and parallel execution)-based parallel transportation management and control systems (PTMS), are presented. PTMS can be expanded to the new generation of intelligent transportation systems. The main components of the proposed architecture include social signal and social traffic, ITS clouds and services, agent-based traffic control, and transportation knowledge automation. Some technical details of these components are discussed. Finally, one case study is introduced, and the effectiveness is analyzed.
Recent years have witnessed a large amount of decentralized data in various (edge) devices of end-users, while the decentralized data aggregation remains complicated for machine learning jobs because ...of regulations and laws. As a practical approach to handling decentralized data, Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative global machine learning model training without sharing sensitive raw data. The servers schedule devices to jobs within the training process of FL. In contrast, device scheduling with multiple jobs in FL remains a critical and open problem. In this article, we propose a novel multi-job FL framework, which enables the training process of multiple jobs in parallel. The multi-job FL framework is composed of a system model and a scheduling method. The system model enables a parallel training process of multiple jobs, with a cost model based on the data fairness and the training time of diverse devices during the parallel training process. We propose a novel intelligent scheduling approach based on multiple scheduling methods, including an original reinforcement learning-based scheduling method and an original Bayesian optimization-based scheduling method, which corresponds to a small cost while scheduling devices to multiple jobs. We conduct extensive experimentation with diverse jobs and datasets. The experimental results reveal that our proposed approaches significantly outperform baseline approaches in terms of training time (up to 12.73 times faster) and accuracy (up to 46.4% higher).
This paper is to discuss the state, trend, and frontiers of development of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) in China. The demand for developing CPSS is discussed in detail, followed by the ...Artificial societies, Computational experiments, Parallel execution (ACP) approach for CPSS and knowledge automation. The development of ACP based on CPSS in transportation, energy, information, Internet of Things, and Internet of Minds (IoM) is discussed to demonstrate the cutting-edge applications in CPSS. Finally, the blockchainized IoM technology and the concepts of parallel society are described. This paper will contribute to the transition from the current social construct to a futuristic intelligent society.
Pipeline, joint, and collapsed models are three major approaches to solving End-to-End Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (E2E-ABSA) task. Prior works found that joint models were consistently surpassed ...by the other two. To explore the potential of joint model for E2E-ABSA, we propose a hierarchical and parallel joint framework on the basis of exploiting the hierarchical nature of the pre-trained language model and performing parallel inference of the subtasks. Our framework: (1) shares the same pre-trained backbone network between two subtasks, ensuring the associations and commonalities between them; (2) considers the hierarchical feature of the deep neural network and introduces two joint approaches, namely the specific-layer joint model and multiple-layer joint model, coupling two specific layers or multiple task-related layers with subtasks; (3) carries out parallel execution in both training and inference processes, improving the inference throughput and al-leviating the target-polarity mismatch problem. The experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art works.
Drive is one among the very vital equipment in any power industry which require continuous monitoring and inspection at frequent intervals. And this paper deals with the implementation of parallel ...execution of multiple drives using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). We have designed the ladder code using Add on Instructions (AOI) which is the most used feature of RS Logix 5000. For the operation of each axis of a drive we require an instance of the AOI in the main routine. At every phase the failure mechanism is also added in order to take care of the failed conditions. Parallel execution of multiple drives can reduce the execution time by a huge a margin.
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