The Grand Pensionary (Dutch: raadpensionaris) of Holland was often seen by his contemporaries as the leader of the Dutch Republic. This is not surprising. Holland was the most powerful region, and, ...in practice, the Grand Pensionary of Holland therefore determined politics not only in his own region, but often also in the States General. Historians have also questioned whether he was a servant (minister) or director (prime minister) of the States of Holland. To gain a better understanding of what the somewhat ambiguous office of Grand Pensionary entailed, Jaap de Haan compares the administration of three seventeenth-century office holders: Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan de Witt and Gaspar Fagel. He distinguishes an administrative, an executive, a political and a representative function. The first minister in Spain, England, France, Sweden and Brandenburg – the counterpart of the Grand Pensionary – also exercised these four functions. The Grand Pensionary of Holland can therefore be considered the prime minister of the Republic.
The Reforms in Russia: Exhausting Running on the Spot Vyacheslav Veniaminovich Kruglov; Alexander Vasilyevich Labudin; Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Samodurov
Upravlencheskoe konsulʹtirovanie,
04/2018
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article negative consequences of the carrying out in Russia in last 25 years reforms are studied. Such reforms are in education, agriculture, social and pensionary maintenance, home and ...communal economy, police and other brunches. These reforms’ primary flaw is shown. It is the absolute alienation at the vital interests of Russian people and simultaneously the orientation to serving mercenary interests of the world financial oligarchy.
Armed Forces personnel and their families are entitled to causalty pensionary awards in the form of disability pension, special or family pension when disability or death has been due to service ...factors. In this article an effort has been made to make the medical officers in general and medical boards in particular aware of the existing entitlement rules, assessment guidelines, channel of processing and various authorities empowered to decide these claims. Some of the areas needing special consideration by medical boards have been highlighted.
The aim of this paper is to describe the socioeconomic status of migrating seniors before and after migration. This analysis will enable us to determine whether the overall effect of their migrations ...is a positive one or a negative one. In order to determine subjective reasons for migrations, questionnaire surveys are used. An analysis of the responses allows us to compare the migrants’ living conditions before and after migration with a view to confirming or rejecting Wolpert’s (1965) assumptions and to describe the role of migrations in meeting pensioners’ needs. Our study confirms the approach of Wolpert (1965), assuming that the behaviour of migrants, including migrating pensioners, is determined by place utility, i.e. the sum of advantages to be obtained by the migrant. The pensioners who migrated are well‑off, our respondents report that they are able to meet all their needs if spending money prudently.
This book challenges existing theories of welfare state change by analyzing pension reforms in France, Germany, and Switzerland between 1970 and 2004. It explains why all three countries were able to ...adopt far-reaching reforms, adapting their pension regimes to both financial austerity and new social risks. In a radical departure from the neo-institutionalist emphasis on policy stability, the book argues that socio-structural change has led to a multidimensional pension reform agenda. A variety of cross-cutting lines of political conflict, emerging from the transition to a post-industrial economy, allowed governments to engage in strategies of political exchange and coalition-building, fostering broad cross-class coalitions in support of major reform packages. Methodologically, the book proposes a novel strategy to analyze lines of conflict, configurations of political actors, and coalitional dynamics over time. This strategy combines quantitative analyses of actor configurations based on coded policy positions with in-depth case studies.
Due to the declining of physiological functions, the thermal requirements of elderly people at different ages are different. This paper aims to propose different indoor design parameters for ...different age intervals. Firstly, environmental parameters and subjective sensation are measured in two pensioners’ buildings. Elderly people are divided into three age groups: 60–74, 75–88 and 89+ years. The temperature and humidity sensitivity of the three age groups are analyzed, and the summer indoor design parameters for the three age groups are proposed. Finally, the energy benefits of the strategy of “different design parameters for different age intervals” are studied. The results indicate that, the temperature and humidity sensitivity of elderly people gradually decreases with age. The indoor design temperature of the three age groups is 27.5, 27.7 and 28.8°C, respectively. The indoor design relative humidity range is 56.5–66.1, 54.8–74.3 and 52.0–78.3%, respectively. When adopting different indoor design parameters for different age intervals, the energy consumption and CO2 emission are reduced by 680,000 kWh and 680,000 kg in Baoding, China. This study can provide data reference and design suggestions for controlling indoor environments in pensioners’ buildings balancing energy conservation and thermal comfort.
•The elderly people are divided into three age groups: 60–74, 75–88 and 89+ years.•Temperature sensitivity and humidity sensitivity of three age groups are compared.•Strategy of “different design parameters for different age intervals” is proposed.•Indoor design temperature for the three age groups is 27.5, 27.7 and 28.8 °C.•The strategy can significantly reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission.
PDF
