•Phenolic acids are key class of dietary polyphenols, natural antioxidants.•They exhibit a variety of functions including plant growth, development, and defense.•They are precursors of other ...significant bioactive molecules regularly used for therapeutic, cosmetics, and food industries.•These dietary antioxidants shields against growth and evolution in pathological conditions arise from oxidative stress.
Plant phenolics are considered to be a vital human dietary component and exhibit a tremendous antioxidant activity as well as other health benefits. Epidemiology evidence indicates that a diet rich in antioxidant fruits and vegetables significantly reduces the risk of many oxidative stress related diseases viz. cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular. The number and position of hydroxyl group in a particular phenolic compound leads to the variation in their antioxidant potential. Polyphenols are the main source of dietary antioxidants, and are effortlessly absorbed in the intestine. Phenolic acids, a sub class of plant phenolics, possess phenol moiety and resonance stabilized structure which causes the H-atom donation results in antioxidant property through radical scavenging mechanism. Other mode such as radical quenching via electron donation and singlet oxygen quenching are also known for the antioxidant activity of phenolic acids. Furthermore, phenolic acids are found ubiquitously and well documented for other health protective effects like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic etc. The contribution emphasize on the phenolic acids potential in drug discovery. In addition their occurrence, biosynthesis, metabolism and health effects are discussed in detail.
Interactions between xanthan gum and phenolic acids Theocharidou, Athina; Lousinian, Sylvie; Tsagkaris, Apostolos ...
International journal of biological macromolecules,
July 2024, Letnik:
273, Številka:
Pt 2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The molecular and colloidal-level interactions between two major phenolic acids, gallic and caffeic acid, with a major food polysaccharide, xanthan gum, were studied in binary systems aiming to ...correlate the stability of the binary systems as a function of pH and xanthan-polyphenol concentrations. Global stability diagrams were built, acting as roadmaps for examining the phase separation regimes followed by the fluorimetry-based thermodynamics of the interactions. The effects of noncovalent interactions on the macroscopic behavior of the binary systems were studied, using shear and extensional rheometry. The collected data for caffeic acid – xanthan gum mixtures showed that the main interactions were pH-independent volume exclusions, while gallic acid interacts with xanthan gum, especially at pH 7 with other mechanisms as well, improving the colloidal dispersion stability. A combination of fluorimetry, extensional rheology and stability measurements highlight the effect of gallic acid-induced aggregation of xanthan gum, both in structuring and de-structuring the binary systems. The above provide a coherent framework of the physicochemical aspect of binary systems, shedding light on the role of xanthan gum in its oral functions, such as in inducing texture, in model complex systems containing phenolic acids.
•Volume exclusion interactions dominate the behavior of xanthan–caffeic acid mixtures.•Caffeic acid acts as a filler material in xanthan solutions.•Gallic acid exothermically interacts with xanthan gum.•Gallic acid enthalpically influences xanthan gum's relaxation time.•The phase stability of gallic acid – xanthan gum depends of the former's concentration.
The antioxidant activities of 18 typical phenolic acids were investigated using 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Five thermodynamic ...parameters involving hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton-loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were calculated using density functional theory with the B3LYP/UB3LYP functional and 6-311++G (d, p) basis set and compared in the phenolic acids. Based on the same substituents on the benzene ring, -CH
COOH and -CH = CHCOOH can enhance the antioxidant activities of phenolic acids, compared with -COOH. Methoxyl (-OCH
) and phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) groups can also promote the antioxidant activities of phenolic acids. These results relate to the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of the phenolic hydroxyl group in phenolic acids and the values of proton affinity and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) involved in the electron donation ability of functional groups. In addition, we speculated that HAT, SET-PT, and SPLET mechanisms may occur in the DPPH reaction system. Whereas SPLET was the main reaction mechanism in the FRAP system, because, except for 4-hydroxyphenyl acid, the ETE values of the phenolic acids in water were consistent with the experimental results.
The purpose of the present study was to gather information about the effects of the herb Levisticum officinale (lovage) and of its phenolic ingredients and to elucidate the potential health benefits ...of the plant in relation to its polyphenolic content. The study was performed by searching different internet-based databases (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, etc.).
Levisticum officinale (lovage) is a perennial aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family. This herb is rich in essential oil and is widely used as a seasoning for culinary purposes. Lovage contains up to 860 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight phenolic substances as well. Polyphenols in L. officinale belong to the classes of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and anthocyanins) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, ellagic). They contribute to potent antioxidant properties of the plant. Anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and other properties of L. officinale extracts have also been demonstrated. Phenolic substances abundant in lovage have shown to be protective in models of osteoporosis and different cardiovascular diseases as well.
The information confirms our assumption that Levisticum officinale is not only an useful and pleasant-tasting Mediterranean-cuisine seasoning but also a herb that can contribute to the healthy lifestyle.
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•Debittering, extrusion, and spray-drying effects on lupin antioxidants were tested.•Free phenolics and bound phenolic acids decreased after debittering.•Extrusion marginally ...increased phenolics and slightly decreased carotenoids.•Spray-drying reduced tocopherols (30.0%), carotenoids (35.4%) and phenolics (48.4%).•Debittered, extruded, spray-dried flours contained 1033, 1179, 531 mg/kg phenolics.
Andean lupin (L. mutabilis) seeds, appreciated for their high protein and unsaturated lipid content, must undergo water debittering to eliminate alkaloids. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of debittering and further technological treatments such as extrusion and spray-drying (with two different coating agents, gum Arabic and maltodextrin, at 6% w/w) on the antioxidants of three Andean lupin ecotypes. Tocopherols (mainly γ-tocopherol) and free phenolics (flavonoids, phenylethanoids, phenolic acids) were abundant in bitter seeds, while carotenoids were scarce. After debittering, the content of tocopherols and bound flavonoids slightly increased, carotenoids were unchanged but free phenolics and bound phenolic acids decreased by 76.2% and 50.1%. Compared to debittered samples, the extrusion did not modify tocopherols, slightly increased phenolics and marginally reduced (14.5%) carotenoids. Spray-drying diminished tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolics (30.0%, 35.4% and 48.4%), mainly because of processing conditions; the coating agent dilution effect was minimal. No differences between coating agents were observed. Nevertheless, in debittered, extruded and spray-dried flours the total tocopherol (319, 318, 211 mg/kg DM) and phenolic (1033, 1179, 531 mg/kg DM) contents were still high. In all flours, free phenolics represented the majority of total phenolics (79.8%–95.6%). Processed flours of L. mutabilis present valuable levels of antioxidant compounds.
Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care Kurek-Górecka, Anna; Górecki, Michał; Rzepecka-Stojko, Anna ...
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland),
01/2020, Letnik:
25, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Honey, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, beeswax and bee venom are natural products which have been used in medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, studies indicate that natural bee ...products can be used for skin treatment and care. Biological properties of these products are related to flavonoids they contain like: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, galangin, pinocembrin or naringenin. Several pharmacological activities of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and also 10-hydroxy-
-2-decenoic acid, which is present in royal jelly, have been reported. Royal jelly has multitude of pharmacological activities: antibiotic, antiinflammatory, antiallergenic, tonic and antiaging. Honey, propolis and pollen are used to heal burn wounds, and they possess numerous functional properties such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral. Beeswax is used for production of cosmetics and ointments in pharmacy. Due to a large number of biological activities, bee products could be considered as important ingredients in medicines and cosmetics applied to skin.
For being applied in medicine as therapeutic agents, nanostructures need to be biocompatible and eco-friendly. Plant-derived phenolic acids have been utilised for green synthesis of metallic or ...metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The phenolic acids play role as both reducing agents and stabilisers in the process of NPs synthesis. Many experiments have been dedicated to develop efficient green synthesis techniques for producing metal NPs. Using phenolic acids represents a reproducible, simple, profitable, and cost-effective strategy to synthesise metal NPs. As a phytochemical for metal NPs synthesis, phenolic acids are antioxidants that represent many health benefits. However, limited studies have been dedicated to the synthesis and characterisation of NPs produced by phenolic acids. Thus, this review focused on phenolic acids mediated nanomaterial synthesis and its biomedical applications. It should be noted the mechanism of metal ion bioreduction, phenolic acids surface adsorption, characterisation, and toxicity of metal NPs made with different phenolic acids have been discussed in this review.
•Ten phenolic compounds have been identified for the first time in finger millet.•Catechin and epicatechin are the major extractable flavonoids in finger millet.•Ferulic acid is the major bound ...phenolic compound in finger millet.•Colored finger millets have higher phenolic compounds than non-colored ones.
The profiles of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of four finger millet varieties harvested in northern Malawi were investigated. The total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 114.43 to 179.19 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/100 g, 90.24 to 202.94 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g and 31.76 to 83.59 mg CE/100 g, respectively. Total phenolic contents of the bound fractions ranged from 58.27 to 123.23 mg FAE/100 g. Twenty phenolic compounds were identified in the free fractions including eighteen flavonoids, with catechin and epicatechin being the predominant flavonoids. Seventeen phenolic compounds were identified in the bound fractions, with ferulic acid being the predominant one. Ten of the identified polyphenols were firstly reported in finger millet. Darker colored finger millet varieties had higher phenolic contents and antioxidant properties than the lighter colored ones. Finger millet can be used as healthy food material and natural antioxidant resource.
Various bioactive constituents present in plants are used to treat metabolic disorders linked to oxidative stress and obesity. Low-grade to chronic inflammation and IR are considered as main causes ...of obesity, which is strongly correlated with the prevalence and incidence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the biological influence of Phlomis stewartii extracts was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using rat diabetic models. The biological effects included anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-apoptotic, metabolic hormonal via molecular signaling pathways, and antioxidant potential. The extracts from P. stewartii exhibited the strongest DPPH and FRAP potential for LM (38.92 µg/mL) and (45.28 µg/mL) respectively. Moreover, the high absorbance for reducing power was observed in leaves methanol (LM) 1.36 which is greater than flower methanol (FM) 1.12, and whole plant methanol (WPM) 1.21 at a concentration of 500 µg/mL when comparing treated groups to the negative control (NC), and positive control (PC) groups. The results of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) study measuring a metabolic hormonal profile that includes Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), insulin, leptin, and glucokinase showed that LM has been greatly recovered. The study examined the gene expression analysis of cell stress pathways, and it found that the PC groups had higher levels of Janus kinase (JAK), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STATS) pathways through JAK (JAK-2 and STAT-1), G protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2), Calmodulin 2 (CALM-2), Proteins Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS-1), Forkhead Box 01, 03, 04, (FOXO-1, FOXO-3, FOXO-4), Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (BAX), B-cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), Interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). On the other hand, downregulation was observed in NC groups and P. stewartii extract-treated groups. The outcome of this study suggests a strong relationship towards ameliorative effects.
•Study clarified the immune-mediated processes underlying the progression of DM and metabolic mediated syndrome.•Study highlights the in-vitro and in-vivo capability of P. Stewartii for antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic hormonal profile, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in diabetic rats model.•Mechanism associated with herbal extracts at cellular level puts strong argumentation toward drug development.
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