The first records of Platanichthys platana in the upper Rio Paraná floodplain (URPF) date to 2012, but variations in the body length of specimens collected from this basin have since generated ...uncertainty about their identity and origin of introduction. This study aimed to genetically characterize populations of P. platana in different river basins, assess haplotype diversity, and determine the origin of the introduced population in the URPF. Sequences from the COI region were used to calculate genetic distances, construct gene trees, and identify haplotype networks. Eight haplotypes were found, several of which were exclusive to the coastal basins of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, and the Río Negro basin (Río Yí). The Río de La Plata and Mar Chiquita basins, and upper Rio Paraná floodplain shared haplotypes. Based on the results of our analysis, we concluded that the URPF specimens were introduced from populations in Argentina.
Abstract The skate genus Atlantoraja is composed of three species (A. castelnaui, A. cyclophora, and A. platana) which differ from the other Riorajini species, Rioraja agassizii, in regards to their ...clasper features, squamation and presence of a caudal fin. Despite of being distributed along Southwestern Atlantic and commonly captured by fisheries in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, detailed accounts on external and internal morphology are scarce and the taxonomic status of Atlantoraja species was not revised so far. The aim of this study, therefore, is to review the taxonomy of the genus Atlantoraja, updating information on type specimens and clarifying misidentifications among species, and to describe in detail anatomical structures such as neurocranium, visceral arches, pelvic girdle, dermal denticles and teeth. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for Atlantoraja castelnaui and A. cyclophora. Notes on intraspecific variation within species are also provided. Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. platana are more similar to each other than to A. castelnaui in regards to the squamation (body dorsal surface smooth vs. densely covered by prickles) and color pattern of body dorsal surface, position of orbital foramina, overall shape of neucrocranium and body measurements. Lastly, we discuss the morphological differences among species of Atlantoraja and recommend the inclusion of characters presented here in future cladistic analyses.
Resumo O gênero Atlantoraja é composto por três espécies (A. castelnaui, A. cyclophora e A. platana), as quais diferem da outra espécie da tribo Riorajini, Rioraja agassizii, em relação a características do clásper, escamas e presença de uma nadadeira caudal. Apesar de serem distribuídas ao longo do Atlântico Sul Ocidental e serem comumente capturadas em atividades pesqueiras do Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina, descrições detalhadas sobre a morfologia externa e interna são escassas e o status taxonômico das espécies de Atlantoraja não foi revisado até então. O presente estudo tem como objetivos: revisar a taxonomia do gênero Atlantoraja, atualizando as informações sobre espécimes-tipo e elucidando erros de identificação entre as espécies, e descrever estruturas anatômicas, tais como neurocrânio, arcos viscerais, cintura pélvica, dentículos dérmicos e dentes. Lectótipos e paralectótipos são designados para Atlantoraja castelnaui e A. cyclophora. Notas sobre a variação intraespecífica em cada espécie também são fornecidas. Atlantoraja cyclophora e A. platana são mais similares entre si do que A. castelnaui em relação às escamas (superfície dorsal do corpo lisa vs. densamente coberta por dentículos dérmicos), padrão de colorido da superfície dorsal do corpo, posição dos forâmens orbitais, formato geral do neurocrânio e medidas corpóreas. Por fim, comparações morfológicas entre as espécies de Atlantoraja são realizadas, recomendando-se a inclusão dos caracteres aqui apresentados em análises cladísticas futuras.
Abstract Aim This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Peri Lagoon, a coastal freshwater lagoon in Brazil. Methods Ichthyoplankton samples were ...collected every two months from June 2008 to April 2010 with 500 µm conical-cylindrical planktonic nets at five sampling stations. Results In total, 181 fish eggs and 1,315 larvae, representing estuarine and freshwater species, were captured. The most representative species were Awaous tajasica, Ctenogobius sp1, and Platanichthys platana. Significant differences were found in temporal egg distribution and larval spatiotemporal distribution (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Eggs were predominantly captured during the autumn, winter, and spring Neotropical seasons. Geospatial analysis demonstrated spatial segregation in the distribution of larval assemblages, with higher abundances in areas adjacent to riparian forests, following stream mouths, and deeper areas with rocky substrates. Conclusions Proximity to streams and areas surrounded by dense forests is crucial for the spawning and development of fish species in the Peri Lagoon. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the conservation of the ichthyofauna in this unique environment.
Resumo Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal do ictioplâncton na lagoa do Peri, uma lagoa costeira de água doce no Brasil. Método s: O ictioplâncton foi coletado bimestralmente de junho de 2008 a abril de 2010 com redes cônico-cilíndricas planctônicas de 500 µm em cinco estações de amostragem. Resultados Neste estudo, foram capturados 181 ovos e 1.316 larvas de peixes de espécies estuarinas e de água doce. As espécies mais representativas foram Awaous tajasica, Ctenogobius sp1 e Platanichthys platana. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis (H) indicou que existem diferenças significativas na distribuição temporal dos ovos e na distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas (p<0,05). Em geral, os ovos foram capturados durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera na Região Neotropical. A relevância do fator geoespacial mostrou segregação espacial na assembleia de larvas. As larvas foram capturadas em ambientes cercados por mata ciliar, próximo à foz de córregos, em áreas mais profundas com fundo rochoso. Conclusões Regiões próximas a córregos e cercadas por florestas densas parecem ser essenciais para a desova e desenvolvimento de espécies de peixes na lagoa do Peri. Este estudo pode orientar importantes diretrizes ambientais para a preservação da ictiofauna desse ambiente intocado e particular.
The skate Atlantoraja platana, commonly known in Argentina as 'raya platana', is endemic to the SW Atlantic. It is distributed from Brasil (24 degree S) to north Patagonian waters (42 degree 11'S). ...In this study the morphometric aspects of this skate were described. In the San Matias gulf (41 degree -42 degree S and 64 degree -65 degree W), a total of 778 females and 709 males were sampled from different sources between 2004 and 2006. The total length ranged was 19 to 89 cm for females and 19 to 79 cm for males. Atlantoraja platana was sexually dimorphic in total length-weight and total length-disc width relationships. Since 41 cm onwards the females are being heavier than males. The total length-weight relationship was Pt= 0.0132 x Lt 2.91 for females and Pt= 0.0222 x Lt 2.77 for males. The total length-disc width relationship was DW= 7.27 + 0.762Lt for females and DW= 7.768 + 0.798Lt for males. This is the first report of morphometric relationships of this species in the Argentinean Sea and they should be used for comparison purpose between different latitudinal localizations of this skate.
We evaluated the reproductive dynamics of two fish species, Lycengraulis grossidens and Platanichthys platana, in a subtropical freshwater coastal lagoon (Peri Lagoon) in Brazil. Samples were ...collected from nine sites every two months from June 2008 to April 2012. Different fishing methods were used to capture larvae, juveniles, and adults. Limnological variables were obtained using multiparameter probe. More females than males were collected of both fish species and the chi-square test (χ2) was used to confirm that the sex ratio was female-biased. Large numbers of maturing and mature fishes were observed in almost every sampling month. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. grossidens was the highest in August, October, and December for females and in October for males, and no significant difference was found across years. The GSI of P. platana showed no significant difference across months for either sex; however, significant differences were recorded in year three (June 2010-April 2011) and year four (June 2011-April 2012) for females and in year three (June 2010-April 2011) for males. For both species, GSI was negatively correlated with temperature and water level. L. grossidens larvae were more abundant in October 2010, showing a positive correlation with water transparency, whereas P. platana larvae were more abundant in June 2011, showing a positive correlation with water transparency and negative correlation with temperature and precipitation. Both species were represented by different stages, including larvae, which confirm that these species reproduce in Peri Lagoon. Reproduction was more pronounced in autumn and winter; however, reproductive activity was evident throughout the sampling period. In conclusion, our results show that abiotic factors strongly influence the temporal pattern of reproductive activity and larval assemblages of both L. grossidens and P. platana in Peri Lagoon, Brazil.
We examined size-related and seasonal changes in the diet of the peacock bass Cichla kelberi in a tropical lowland reservoir in southeastern Brazil over three hydro-climatic seasons: summer (high ...rainfall and temperature), winter (low rainfall and temperature), and late spring (increasing rainfall and temperature) during two years (2006- 2007). The tested hypothesis is that this non-native predator fish changes diet during the subadult and adult phases and among seasons to adapt in new colonized environment. Fishes of the families Clupeidae (Platanichthys platana), Characidae (Astyanax spp.) and Cichlidae (Cichla kelberi) were the most important food items, followed by insects of the order Odonata. Cannibalism was also recorded for the largest individuals. A significant size-related change in diet was found with the smallest individuals (Total Length, TL < 20 cm) preying mainly on fishes, whereas the larger individuals (TL > 30 cm) preyed mainly on Odonata. The niche breadth increased during growth, with the largest individuals having a diet more evenly distributed among the available resources. No significant seasonal differences in diet composition were found, but stomachs with higher degree of volume occupied by food were more frequent in late spring than in summer. Conversely, the highest niche breadth was found during the summer compared to the other seasons. Together, these observations suggest an efficient use of the available resources by this top predator in this new colonized system.
Abstract Aim: This study uses the abundance of fish eggs and larvae to evaluate the importance of the main channel of the Paraná River and the adjacent areas of the floodplain, in the last dam-free ...stretch in the Brazilian territory, for the spawning and development of fish of different reproductive guilds, in order to obtain subsidies to assist in the management and conservation policies of this area, focusing on the maintenance of dam-free areas. Methods Data were taken quarterly from August 2013 to May 2015, in 25 sites, grouped into three biotopes: main channel, tributaries and lagoons. Possible spatial variations in fish spawning and development as well as composition and structure of larvae were evaluated. Results Higher densities of eggs were found in tributaries (Paracaí and Amambai rivers) and greater densities of larvae were observed in lagoons (Saraiva). Significant differences in composition and structure of larvae were detected only between sampling stations. As for taxonomic composition, 29 taxa were recorded, mostly non-migratory. However, long-distance migratory were also widely distributed, such as Brycon orbignyanus, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Rhaphiodon vulpinus, as well as invasive species Platanichthys platana and Hemiodus orthonops. In turn, Salminus brasiliensis presented low occurrence. Conclusions This study evidenced that different species spawn in the region, mainly in tributaries, and their eggs and larvae are transported to the main channel of the Paraná River and adjacent lagoons, to complete their early development. The capture of larvae of important migratory species suggests that this environment still exhibits suitable conditions for their reproduction, mainly due to the presence of dam-free tributaries. Also, they emphasize the importance of the integrity of these environments for the maintenance of the regional fish fauna, and it is extremely important the monitoring of reproduction of the most endangered species, as well as of invasive species.
Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo utiliza a abundância de ovos e larvas de peixes para avaliar a importância do canal principal do rio Paraná e as áreas adjacentes da planície de inundação, no último trecho livre de barramentos em território brasileiro, para a desova e desenvolvimento dos peixes de diferentes guildas reprodutivas, a fim de obter subsídios que auxiliem nas políticas de manejo e conservação desta área, focando na manutenção de áreas livres de represamentos. Métodos Os dados foram coletados trimestralmente entre agosto de 2013 a maio de 2015, em 25 estações, agrupadas em três biótopos: canal principal, tributários e lagoas. Foram avaliadas possíveis variações espaciais na desova e desenvolvimento dos peixes, assim como na composição e a estrutura das larvas. Resultados Maiores densidades de ovos foram registradas nos tributários (rios Paracaí e Amambai) e de larvas nas lagoas (Saraiva). Diferenças significativas na composição e estrutura das larvas foram observadas apenas entre as estações de amostragens. Quanto a composição taxonômica, registrou-se 29 táxons, sendo a maioria não migradores. Entretanto, também foram amplamente distribuídas as larvas de migradores de longa distância como Brycon orbignyanus, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus e Rhaphiodon vulpinus, assim como as invasoras Platanichthys platana e Hemiodus orthonops. Já Salminus brasiliensis apresentou baixa ocorrência. Conclusões Neste estudo fica evidente que diferentes espécies desovam na região, principalmente nos tributários, e seus ovos e larvas são carreados para o canal principal do rio Paraná e lagoas adjacentes, para completarem seu desenvolvimento inicial. A captura de larvas de importantes espécies migradoras, sugerem que este ambiente ainda apresenta condições adequadas para sua reprodução, principalmente, pela presença de tributários livres de represamento. Ainda, reforçam a importância da integridade desses ambientes para a manutenção da ictiofauna regional, sendo de extrema relevância o monitoramento acerca da reprodução das espécies mais ameaçadas, bem como das espécies invasoras.
Argentina is one of the countries with the largest overall landings of skates and rays (24 000 t/year). As a consequence of high levels of exploitation and deficient management tools, many of these ...species are threatened with extinction. In the bottom trawl fishery of San Matias Gulf, northern Patagonia, skates and rays are caught as bycatch and all have historically been recorded in the fishery logbook under the category "rays". Therefore, species composition and their characteristics were unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the commercial exploitation of batoid species in this fishery. Our results indicate that commercial landings include nine species of skate, six of which are common. Among these, Atlantoraja platana, Sympterygia bonapartii and Dipturus chilensis were considered the main species of this fishery. Their combined relative abundance and weight made up about 90% of the batoid catch throughout the year. Sexual segregation was detected in four species in which individuals of one sex dominated commercial landings. The commercial fraction was composed of individuals with a wide range of sizes. Immature individuals could represent 90% of the individuals landed for some species. At present, lack of data prevents us from quantifying the impact that this fishery is having on these species, but our findings highlight the importance of conducting research surveys to assess the abundance and geographic extent of these populations. The information presented here provided the basis for the proposal of a new logbook format incorporating species-level identification. The new logbook was implemented on 1 January 2010.
The sexual development of Atlantoraja platana from the south‐west Atlantic Ocean was analysed. According to the reproductive variables considered for both sexes, males were found to mature at 620 mm ...and females at 715 mm total length.
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