The Anatomical Institute of the University of Cologne was founded in 1925. This paper highlights its institutional development and the sources from which it procured bodies for dissection. A ...comparison is drawn between the first years of the institute's existence during the Weimar Republic (1925–1932) and its rebuilding after war damage in the early post-war period (1947–1954). The institute and its procurement of bodies have not previously been investigated for these two time periods. The Third Reich, for which a detailed study already exists, will be mentioned as well to allow better evaluation of the periods before and after National Socialism. Based on newly evaluated archival material and body journals which will be examined both quantitatively and qualitatively, it becomes apparent that the Cologne institute experienced a chronic shortage of bodies both during the Weimar Republic and the first post-war decade (even though the delivery facilities were mostly the same). However, the situation of the institute in terms of structure, organization and personnel as well as body supply in the aftermath of World War II proved much more challenging than during the time of the Weimar Republic.
The work considers what the future course of prices will be in the aftermath of the remarkable increases in primary commodity prices in 1973-74. To do so, the author examines the historical trend and ...cyclical movements of the prices of various commodities in the period since World War II. The causes and consequences of instability and the economic policies that nations have designed to deal with instability and other aspects of primary commodities are then considered. In this regard, conflicts in commodity policies between commodity exporting and importing nations are analysed. JEL: E31, N10
Der gerüstfreie Bau von Gewölben mit dünnen gebrannten Ziegeln hat vor allem in Spanien und Italien eine jahrhundertealte Tradition. Seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde diese Form ganz besonders ...auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent erfolgreich verbreitet.
Die Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank in München ist bisher als eines derjenigen Bauunternehmen bekannt, das schon sehr früh mit dem Betonbau in seiner Heimatstadt begonnen hat. Neue Untersuchungen, die vor allem durch die Bereitstellung von Archivmaterial durch Paul Basiner möglich wurden, deuten nun auf einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsschwerpunkt dieser Firma hin. Über die ab 1911 bestehende Zweigstelle in Spanien konnten sich die Architekten und Ingenieure der Firma auch mit dieser traditionellen spanischen Gewölbebauweise vertraut machen. Diese Kenntnisse waren vor allem in den Jahren nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gefragt, als die zerstörten Gewölbe mit einfachen Mitteln und geringem Materialverbrauch wiedererrichtet werden mussten.
Zusammen mit Carl Sattler, der ähnliche Bauverfahren in Italien kennengelernt hatte, wurden Ziegelgewölbe zunächst bei der Fertigstellung der Landeszentralbank in München angewandt. In den Folgejahren konnte die Firma Rank viele Gebäude in und um München mit Ziegelgewölben ausstatten. Erst in den 1960er Jahren geriet diese Bautechnik aus der Mode und damit etwas in Vergessenheit.
The Rank construction company and the introduction of brick vaults in Munich after 1945
The construction of vaults without scaffolding with thin bricks has a centuries‐old tradition, particularly in Spain and Italy. Since the beginning of the 19th century, it has been successfully spread mainly on the American double continent.
The Rank Brothers construction company in Munich is known to date as one of those construction companies that began building with concrete in its home city very early on. New investigations, which were made possible above all by the provision of archive material by Paul Basiner, now point to an additional focus of this company's work. The architects and engineers of the company had been also able to familiarise themselves with this traditional Spanish brick‐vaulted construction method via the branch office in Spain, which was established from 1911 on. This knowledge was particularly in demand in the years following World War II, when the destroyed vaults had to be rebuilt with simple means and low material consumption.
Together with Carl Sattler, who had become acquainted with similar construction methods in Italy, brick vaults were initially used to complete the construction of the Landeszentralbank in Munich. In the following years, Rank was able to provide many buildings in and around Munich with brick vaults. It was not until the 1960s that this construction technique went out of fashion and was thus somewhat forgotten.
