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Proces proti četverici (afera JBTZ) je bil sodni proces in politična afera v Sloveniji na prelomu 80-ih in ...90-ih 20. stoletja.
Služba državne varnosti (SDV) in Protiobveščevalna služba Jugoslovanske ljudske armade (KOS) sta aretirali tri novinarje tednika Mladina (Janeza Janšo, Davida Tasića in Francija Zavrla) in zastavnika JLA Ivana Borštnerja zaradi izdaje vojaške skrivnosti.
Zaradi liberalizacije in vseh večjih pritiskov k politični reformi v Sloveniji ter v Socialistični federativni republiki Jugoslaviji se je znotraj Vojnega sveta SFRJ in CK ZKJ izoblikovalo mnenje, da je to protirevolucionarno delovanje. Na 72. seji CK ZKJ so tako govorili o aretacijah problematičnih članov ZSMS. Magnetogram se je pozneje znašel v Janševi posesti - izvirni lastnik magnetograma je bil Jože Smole, kateremu so ukradli magnetogram, ki ga je dobil Igor Bavčar, le-ta pa ga je izročil Janši. Janša je 26. aprila magnetogram izročil Zavrlu, ki je nato postal osnova za članek Noč dolgih nožev v Mladini.
SDV je 27. aprila 1988 opravila tajno preiskavo prostorov podjetja Mikro Ade, pri čemer so odkrili magnetogram in dva lista vojaškega dokumenta (ukaz generalpodpolkovnika Svetozarja Višnjića, poveljnika 9. armade). S tem so pridobili dokaze, zaradi česar so se odločili, da bodo sprožili sodni proces pred vojaškim sodiščem. 30. maja 1988 je bil zadnji sestanek SDV in KOS, kjer so se dogovorili o poteku aretacij in nadaljnjih postopkih; sestanek sta vodila polkovnik Aleksandar Vasiljević (KOS) in pomočnik vodje službe državne varnosti RSNZ Štefan Tepeš.
Janša je bil aretiran 31. maja 1988 zjutraj. Prepeljan je bil na sedež podjetja Mikro Ade, kjer so opravili tokrat javno preiskavo, zbrali obremenilne dokaze in nato Janšo prepeljali na sedež ljubljanske policije. Po uvodnih zaslišanjih so ga prepeljali v zapor na Povšetovi. 1. junija je bil prepeljan v vojašnico na Metelkovi v zapor poveljstva Ljubljanskega armadnega območja. Tu sta postopek prevzela vojaški tožilec Živko Mazić in vojaški preiskovalni sodnik Milan Ranić. Ker mu niso omogočili zastopstva civilnega odvetnika, so mu dodelili vojaškega zagovornika Mihajla Krpana. Borštnerja so aretirali pripadniki KOS-a isti dan, Tasić pa 4. junija pozneje; le Zavrl, urednik Mladine, ni bil zaprt in se je lahko branil s prostosti.
V sklopu protesta proti temu ravnanju je bil 3. junija ustanovljen Odbor za varstvo človekovih pravic, ki je protestiral proti temu procesu, sodbi na vojaškem in ne na civilnem sodišču, pravici do odvetnika,...
30. junija je Živko Mazić vložil obtožnico proti četverici in predlagal pripor do konca sojenja. Konec julija je senat vojaškega sodišča spoznal vse štiri za krive in vsem izrekel zaporno kazen: Borštner 4 leta, Janša in Zavrl 18 mesecev ter Tasić 5 mesecev. Oktobra 1988 je Vrhovno vojaško sodišče JLA potrdilo sodbo ljubljanskega vojaškega sodišča, pri čemer je Tasiću povečalo kazen na 10 mesecev. Zaradi številnih protestov s strani Odbora in množičnih demonstracij so avgusta 1989 pogojno izpustili Janšo, za njim pa še ostale tri.
(vir: Wikipedia)
The JBTZ trial, also known as the Ljubljana trial (Slovene: Ljubljanski proces) or the Trial against the Four (Slovene: Proces proti četverici) was a political trial held in a military court in Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia in 1988. The defendants, Janez Janša, Ivan Borštner, David Tasić and Franci Zavrl, were sentenced to between six months and four years imprisonment for "betraying military secrets", after being involved in writing and publishing articles critical of the Yugoslav People's Army. The trial sparked great uproar in Slovenia, and was an important event for the organization and development of the democratic opposition in the republic. The Committee for the Defence of Human Rights was founded on the same day of the arrest, which is generally considered as the beginning of the so-called Slovenian Spring. (Source: Wikipedia)- Information:- Ljubljana:the trial at the Military Court on Roška Street in Ljubljana: a mass of protesters with flowers, loudly expressing their support of the defendants in the trial.- Original language summary:
Ljubljana: Sojenje na vojaškem sodišču na Roški;ovacije množice ljudi s cvetjem v podporo obtoženim v sodnem procesu.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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Zbor v Cankarjevem domu, ki Ljubljančane in prebivalce Slovenije navdaja s hudo skrbjo v zvezi s položajem na Kosovu. Kosovo je tudi naša domovina. In tedaj, ko se podirajo osnovni temelji človeškega zaupanja in razumevanja v tem delu naše dežele, tedaj se podira in je ogrožen tud naš svet. Ljubljana in Slovenija ob tem ne moreta molčati, saj se skozi kosovsko usodo odloča tudi naša lastna.- Information:- Ljubljana: a meeting in cultural centre Cankarjev dom for the protection of human rights in Kosovo.- Original language summary:
Ljubljana: zbor v Cankarjevem domu za zaščito Človekovih pravic na Kosovu.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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Oddaja o mednarodni politiki v Evropi, spoštovanju človekovih pravic in svoboščin, odprtosti meja med državami, izvajanje določil helsinške listine v času med konferencama o evropski varnosti in sodelovanju (KEVS/OVSE) v Helsinkih in Beogradu. Odlomek je iz dela oddaje, ki prikazuje različna mejna prehoda.
Fernetiči: mejni prehod med Italijo in SFR Jugoslavijo (SR Slovenijo), avtomobili čakajo v vrsti, delo carinikov in policistov, novinar Jure Pengov se pogovarja s potniki, ki čakajo na prestop meje, izjava komandir ljudske milice v Sežani Veljko Novakovič.
Frankfurt na Odri: mejni prehod med dvema državama vzhodnega bloka - Poljsko in Nemško demokratično republiko, na Mostu miru poroča novinar Boris Bergant, skoraj prazen mejni prehod, primerjava prometa na obeh mejnih prehodih. Hude omejitve za potovanja državljanov vzhodnih držav.- Information:- Europe after the KEVS Conference in Helsinki, Finland. The comparison of traffic on border crossings between Yugoslavia and Italy and Poland and the German Democratic Republic, respectively.- Original language summary:
Evropa po konferenci KEVS v Helsinkih; primerjava prometa na mejnih prehodov med Jugoslavijo in Italijo ter Poljsko in Nemško demokratično republiko.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Podoba mesta Ljutomer v letu 1927, ko je pridobilo mestne pravice.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of ...restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Vabilo na dogodek – prireditev- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 ...1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
U ovom članku se na temelju neobjavljenog izvornog arhivskog gradiva u Državnom arhivu Varaždin i Gradskom muzeju Varaždin te novinskih izvještaja i objavljene literature prikazuje odnos varaždinske ...gradske vlasti prema kralju Aleksandru I. Karađorđeviću u vrijeme tri njegove posjete, zatim proslave njegovog rođendana i 10. godišnjice vladanja te događaja koji su uslijedili nakon atentata – komemoracija i podizanje spomenika.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Članek poroča o stiskah nestalnih, sezonskih delavk v Tobačni tovarni pred 2. svetovno vojno. Veliko so jih odpustili zaradi ...zmanjševanja proizvodnje cigar.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Jan Zouplna.- Obsahuje ...bibliografii- At first glance, the Israeli right might be regarded as a sort of monolith. Characterized by intransigence vis-à-vis the great powers (initially the British) and the Arabsalike and with iconic strongmen at the helm, both the post-independence Herut party and its interwar predecessor(s) clearly demonstrated to the outside world what Zionist maximalism stood for, particularly in terms of its political and terriotiral demands. on a closer look, however, many of the sought after parallels between the interwar Zionist right and the post-independence Israeli right are more imagined than real. in fact, not only were the particular groupings made up of different sets of players (often in opposition to each other), but their very worldviews differed, sometimes fundamentally. After all, the paramilitary groups from which the Israeli right developed had self-distanced themselves from any sort of reliance on political means or international guarantees, rejecting the very notions which had stood at the core of interwar Revisionism, the alleged forefather of the Israeli right.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Listina, s katero je nadvojvoda Karel V. leta 1581 Mozirju ponovno podelil trške pravice in trški grb, ki je v dokumentu upodobljen ...in še danes v uporabi. Listina je bila izdana 11. februarja 1581.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
