This article discusses the deverbal verb derivation by the means of the prefixes in the Old Lithuanian language, basing on the corpus of about 110 primary verbs and their approximately 460 derivates ...attested in the Evangelijos bei epistolos (Gospels and Epistles, ViE) and the Catechism (ViC) of Baltramiejus Vilentas, with additional data from other Prussian Old Lithuanian sources up to the year 1600. By comparing the derived verbs with their bases occurring in the Old Lithuanian texts, the co-occurring morphological and semantical changes were found out. Attention is brought on the together co-occurring morphological and semantical changes used in deriving telic verbs from their often atelic bases, e. g. the loss of infinitive formants –ėand -o-, as in giedoti ‘to sing’→ pragysti ‘to start to sing, to start to crow’, or the ablaut change in šaukti ‘to shout’ → prašukti ‘to cry out, to exclaim’. The change in telicity can be used to classify the derived verbs into aktionsart classes (e. g. ingressive/momentaneous, delimitative). The telic ingressive/momentaneous derivatives also have the nasal infix or -st- formant in the present tense. This article shows that the non-prefixed verbs with ingressive or momentaneous meaning of the type gysti occur extremely rarely in the oldest Lithuanian texts, and are better seen as later de-prefixed derivatives of the type pragysti, i.e. pragysti → gysti. Similarly, the derived type pragiedoti is rare in Old Lithuanian as the prefixation is usually accompanied by the shortening of the infinitive stems in the derivatives of this semantic class, leading to pragysti, although the type pragiedoti also occurs. This has led to the formal patterning of the derivatives and base verbs into two new models similar to that of degti → sudegti, the two new patterns showing only a simple prefixation: gysti → pragysti and giedoti → pragiedoti.
Abstract
In this paper we analyse Spanish verbal constructions that accept both the clitic
se
and the prefix
auto-
in order to determine whether these formations are or are not more agentive than the ...corresponding non-prefixed constructions (
autocriticarse vs. criticarse
). The proposal arises from the discussion about the different semantic values observed in formations with
auto-
and explores the distinctive features of such formations in contrast to those without
auto-
. We carried out a twofold analysis: first, we applied a set of tests of agentivity and control to a sample of 130 verbs with
auto-
extracted from the Modern Spanish Reference Corpus (CREA) and compared the sample with its non-prefixed pronominal pairs (i.e. verbs with clitic
se
). Second, we carried out a series of surveys using similar tests with Spanish speakers to guarantee the acceptability of the corpus interpretations. We argue that prefixed constructions show a higher degree of agentivity and control by external arguments, which results in the impossibility of bidirectionally replacing these constructions with those that only have the clitic
se
.
•In casual speech both English un- and in- geminate, contra common assumptions.•Morphological segmentability influences the duration of the prefixal nasals.•The strength of morphological boundaries ...may impact on the durational properties of complex words.•This challenges standard assumptions in morphological theory and speech production models.
This paper addresses the problem of morpho-phonological variability and the role of phonetic detail in morphologically complex words by investigating the gemination behavior of the English prefixes un- and in-. Traditionally, it is assumed that un- geminates while in- degeminates, but empirical studies are rare and not conclusive. This paper presents the first study that uses data from natural speech (Switchboard Corpus, Godfrey and Holliman 1997). It is shown that both prefixes geminate, contra large parts of the literature. Furthermore, there is a difference in nasal duration between un-, negative in- and locative in-. The more segmentable the prefix the longer the nasal duration. The results challenge widely-shared assumptions in morphological theory, lexical phonology and models of speech production, and support models in which the strength of morphological boundaries may impact on the durational properties of complex words.
Analizamos en el presente trabajo el preverbio ex- en su paso del latín al español. El estudio del preverbio en ese transcurso muestra un notable interés por diversos motivos. En primer lugar, ya en ...latín es un importante componente que, desde su origen adverbial, da lugar a numerosos verbos, muchos de los cuales, por vía patrimonial o por vía culta, se pueden ver en español. Ahí se aprecia ya una primera variación en el prefijo, con una variante e-, motivada por la desaparición de la consonante prefijal en contacto con la del radical del verbo, que, por cierto, no aparece bien descrita en algunas obras de referencia del español. En segundo lugar, el análisis de los valores semánticos, sémicos y clasemáticos, del preverbio latino permite comprender más claramente los significados que adoptan los verbos en la lengua española. Los resultados románicos son a su vez relevantes en lo que respecta a la morfología léxica y a la semántica, tanto por la variación que presenta el componente prefijal – sobre todo por los cruces con otros prefijos, como de- y dis- en su conformación de desy en la propia distribución de este con es-, como por el carácter productivo que hoytiene ex-, lejos de la función preverbial y próxima a la preposicional, cuya distinción se debe establecer. Todo ello permite aclarar muchos aspectos para el mejor conocimiento del prefijo y de las palabras a que ha dado lugar en español.
Este artículo traza la historia del prefijo contra- del latín al español actual, poniendo el foco en los modelos formativos que sirven de patrón para las creaciones neológicas en su evolución. El ...análisis tiene en cuenta las relaciones entre la preposición y el prefijo en su desarrollo histórico. Se muestra que, en el período medieval, el castellano hereda del latín clásico y tardío las formaciones deverbales prefijadas, fuertemente lexicalizadas, y recibe de otras lenguas romances modernas (como el francés, el italiano y el catalán) las neoformaciones denominales. La etapa de mayor auge creativo se sitúa en los siglos XIX y XX con la proliferación de sustantivos prefijados. Atendiendo a la distinción que hace Talmy (1985, 2000) entre lenguas de marco satélite y lenguas de marco verbal, se defiende que la variación diacrónica de los patrones formativos (de derivados verbales a derivados nominales) es una consecuencia del cambio tipológico en la evolución del latín (lengua de marco satélite) hacia las lenguas romances (lenguas de marco verbal).
Shipibo, spoken in Amazonian Peru, has a complex system of word-level stress assignment that early studies described as being partially predictable and partially lexically determined. More recent ...studies have attempted to analyze Shipibo primary stress as overall predictable by postulating underlying consonants. However, hitherto no phonological studies have considered the effect of prefixation on stress assignment, which provides definitive evidence that primary stress in Shipibo is in fact only partially predictable. Body-part prefixes also uncover stress patterns that reveal important clues about the structure of proto-Panoan syllables. This paper proposes a synchronic analysis of Shipibo stress that takes into account these new data and puts forward a historical explanation for the intricate stress systems found in many modern Panoan languages.
We revisit a long-standing question in the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic literature on comprehending morphologically complex words: are prefixes and suffixes processed using the same cognitive ...mechanisms? Recent work using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) to uncover the dynamic temporal and spatial responses evoked by visually presented complex suffixed single words provide us with a comprehensive picture of morphological processing in the brain, from early, form-based decomposition, through lexical access, grammatically constrained recomposition, and semantic interpretation. In the present study, we find that MEG responses to prefixed words reveal interesting early differences in the lateralization of the form-based decomposition response compared to the effects reported in the literature for suffixed words, but a very similar post-decomposition profile. These results not only address a question stretching back to the earliest days of modern psycholinguistics, but also add critical support and nuance to our much newer emerging understanding of spatial organization and temporal dynamics of morphological processing in the human brain.
El prefijo seudo- no es un seudoprefijo Martín García, Josefa
Círculo de lingüística aplicada a la comunicación,
05/2023, Letnik:
94, Številka:
94
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
En este artículo se estudian las formaciones con seudo- con el objetivo de demostrar la naturaleza prefijal de este elemento morfológico. Como reflejan los datos, seudo- presenta características ...semejantes a las que definen a los prefijos prototípicos. A partir de su valor como adjetivo intensional, seudo- desarrolla significados relacionados con la apariencia, la negación y la gradación. Los nuevos valores semánticos de seudo- tienen un carácter más abstracto y relacional, lo que permite ampliar su selección categorial, al unirse a adjetivos y a verbos, y su productividad.
![Spanish [ auto + V + se ] c...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0165-4004_1614-7308/small "Spanish [ auto + V + se ] constructions")
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