An extensive study on the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal (1946-1948) in English, this book explores the historical and political contexts of the trial as well as the social and cultural backgrounds of the ...linguists through the trial transcripts in English and Japanese, archival documents and recordings, and interviews with those who were involved in the interpreting.
Victors' Justice Minear, Richard H
2015, 2015., 20150308, 1971, Letnik:
1401
eBook
The klieg-lighted Tokyo Trial began on May 3, 1946, and ended on November 4, 1948, a majority of the eleven judges from the victorious Allies finding the twenty-five surviving defendants, Japanese ...military and state leaders, guilty of most, if not all, of the charges. As at Nuremberg, the charges included for the first time "crimes against peace" and "crimes against humanity," as well as conventional war crimes. In a polemical account, Richard Minear reviews the background, proceedings, and judgment of the Tokyo Trial from its Charter and simultaneous Nuremberg "precedent" to its effects today.
Mr. Minear looks at the Trial from the aspects of international law, of legal process, and of history. With compelling force, he discusses the motives of the Nuremberg and Tokyo proponents, the Trial's prejudged course-its choice of judges, procedures, decisions, and omissions-General MacArthur's review of the verdict, the criticisms of the three dissenting judges, and the dangers inherent in such an international, political trial. His systematic, partisan treatment pulls together evidence American lawyers and liberals have long suspected, feared, and dismissed from their minds.
Contents: Preface. I. Introduction. II. The Tokyo Trial. III. Problems of International Law. IV. Problems of Legal Process. V. Problems of History. VI. After the Trial. Appendices.
Originally published in 1973.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
What does it take to make a dictator answer for his crimes? Hissène
Habré, the former despot of Chad, had terrorized, tortured, and
killed on a horrific scale over eight bloody years in power-all
...while enjoying full American and Western support. After Habré's
overthrow, his victims and their supporters were determined to see
him held responsible for his atrocities. Their quest for justice
would be long, tense, and unnerving, but they would not back down.
To Catch a Dictator is a dramatic insider's account of the
hunt for Habré and his momentous trial. The human rights lawyer
Reed Brody recounts how he and an international team of
investigators, legal experts, and victims worked across three
continents to unearth evidence and witnesses, petition courts and
skeptical governments, and rally public opinion. They faced many
obstacles and constant threats. One of Brody's Chadian colleagues
was gravely injured in a bomb attack, and another had to seek
asylum in the United States. Habré fought back bitterly, drawing on
secret bank accounts and extensive political connections to
preserve his life of luxurious exile. Yet Brody and his allies
ultimately triumphed: Habré became the first former head of state
to be convicted of crimes against humanity in the courts of another
country. This fast-paced, suspenseful book shows that there is
nothing inevitable about the impunity that too often protects the
powerful and that even the worst tyrants can be brought to justice.
The book also features a foreword by Jacqueline Moudeïna, the lead
lawyer for Hissène Habré's victims, who received the Right
Livelihood Award (the "alternative Nobel Peace Prize") in 2011.
The Investigator Dzuro, Vladimír; Del Ponte, Carla
2019, 2019-11-01
eBook
The war that broke out in the former Yugoslavia at the end of the twentieth century unleashed unspeakable acts of violence committed against defenseless civilians, including a grizzly mass murder at ...an Ovčara pig farm in 1991. An international tribunal was set up to try the perpetrators of crimes such as this, and one of the accused was Slavko Dokmanović, who at the time was the mayor of a local town. Vladimír Dzuro, a criminal detective from Prague, was one of the investigators charged with discovering what happened on that horrific night at Ovčara. The story Dzuro presents here, drawn from his daily notes, is devastating. It was a time of brutal torture, random killings, and the disappearance of innocent people. Dzuro provides a gripping account of how he and a handful of other investigators picked up the barest of leads that eventually led them to the gravesite where they exhumed the bodies. They were able to track down Dokmanović, only to find that taking him into custody was a different story altogether. The politics that led to the war hindered justice once it ended. Without any thoughts of risk to their own personal safety, Dzuro and his colleagues were determined to bring Dokmanović to justice. In addition to the story of the pursuit and arrest of Dokmanović, The Investigator provides a realistic picture of the war crime investigations that led to the successful prosecution of a number of war criminals. Visit <a href=https://warcrimeinvestigator.com/ target=blank>warcrimeinvestigator.com for more information or <a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdxD1SRnjFM&feature=youtu.be target=blank>watch a book trailer.
Modern women on trial Bland, Lucy
2016, 2016., 20130930, 2013, 2016-04-30, 2013-07-19
eBook
Modern women on trial looks at several sensational trials involving drugs, murder, adultery, miscegenation and sexual perversion in the period 1918–24. The trials, all with young female defendants, ...were presented in the media as morality tales, warning of the dangers of sensation-seeking and sexual transgression. The book scrutinises the trials and their coverage in the press to identify concerns about modern femininity. The flapper later became closely associated with the 'roaring' 1920s, but in the period immediately after the Great War she represented not only newness and hedonism, but also a frightening, uncertain future. This figure of the modern woman was a personification of the upheavals of the time, representing anxieties about modernity, and instabilities of gender, class, race and national identity. This accessible, extensively researched book will be of interest to all those interested in social, cultural or gender history.
In Hungary, which fell under Soviet influence at the end of World War II, those who had participated in wartime atrocities were tried by so called people’s tribunals. This book examines the history ...of these courts by means of a new methodology that the authors themselves have elaborated. Seeking to rise above ideological considerations and the methodological problems of earlier investigative frameworks, this study hopes to bring about a new level of awareness. The authors seek to determine which people were drawn into the transitional justice process and how the people’s tribunals functioned, with particular regard to gendered aspects. A further aim is to reveal the effects of the people’s tribunals on post-Holocaust Jewish identity.
MY PAIN IS GREATER THAN YOURS: THE PROCESS OF COMMEMORATING KL PLASZOW This article presents an accompanying description of the process involved in commemorating the former labor and concentration ...camp, Plaszow. The actors involved primarily differ in the function they desire to attribute to the memorial, while the strong emotions accompanying them are primarily a consequence of the process’s underlying cause – death ingrained in the post-camp landscape. Engagement in the process evokes suffering, which limits the possibilities for dialogue surrounding commemoration. Recently, the appointment of a caretaker for the site of memory, the KL Plaszow Museum, has proven to be the most influential factor in the dynamics of the process. Given that the museum is an enduring institution, there is now a strong need to explore new forms of mediation that facilitate understanding. In the author’s view, specialists in culture studies, with their expert competencies, can serve as neutral intermediaries bridging the diverse expectations of the actors.
This anthology of seminal texts documents the development of the post-war anti-Soviet Ukrainian dissident movement. The collection is designed to introduce, via some crucial primary sources, Western ...and other non-Ukrainian readers to various forms of Ukrainian opposition to the communist regime. Stories of ideas and personal undertakings are unfolding before the reader in a vivid pulsation of texts that testify for themselves.
The anthology gathers contributions from different genres. They range from poetry, public speeches, and samvydav—uncensored, self-published—texts to court speeches. They come from dissidents who were held in jails, special psychiatric hospitals (for not accepting the official ideology), and prison camps. Finally, they include self-reflections by dissidents on their personal experience of opposing the totalitarian system. This variety of contributions creates a multidimensional picture of the Ukrainian dissident movement—a generation of prominent Ukrainian public and cultural figures who, in one way or another, insisted on their freedom of speech and made history by daring to challenge the official ideology and culture.
This remarkable book about the struggle for freedom has been compiled by Oleksii Sinchenko, Dmytro Stus, and Leonid Finberg. Scholarly reviewed by Myroslav Marynovych.
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•Cd(II) and As(III) in water were effectively adsorbed by the Fe-Mn oxide biochar.•Adsorption of Cd(II) by the biochar was a homogeneous monolayer chemical process.•Adsorption of ...As(III) by the biochar was a heterogeneous multilayer process.•As(III) presented a strong competition on Cd(II) adsorption by the biochar.•Cd(II) presented a strong synergetic effect on As(III) adsorption by the biochar.
Biochar can remove oppositely charged ionic species of Cd(II) and As(III)/As(V) from water but the co-adsorption mechanisms of the metal(loid)s are poorly understood. This study aims to unravel the co-absorption mechanisms of Cd(II) and As(III) by a Pennisetum sp. straw biochar (BC) modified with Fe-Mn oxide (FMBC). The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and As(III) by FMBC was 141.1 and 31.8 mg/g, respectively, which was 2.71 and 3.89 times higher than that of BC. The adsorption of Cd(II) by FMBC demonstrated a homogeneous monolayer chemical process, while the As(III) adsorption presented a heterogeneous multilayer process. In the dual-adsorbate system, Cd(II) increased the adsorption of As(III) on FMBC by 5.1–123.9%, while As(III) reduced the adsorption of Cd(II) by 0.7–24.8%, indicating respective synergism and competition effect. Systematic co-adsorption experiments and adsorbent characterization results suggested that the synergistic mechanism occurred via electrostatic attraction and ternary surface complexation, whereas the competitive effect emerged due to complexing reaction with oxygen-containing functional groups of FMBC. The FMBC could be a potential adsorbent to adsorb Cd(II) and As(III) simultaneously.
Zusammenfassung Um auch die unbeabsichtigten Folgen ihrer Politik zu ermitteln, unternehmen Regierungen umfassende Gesetzesfolgenabschätzungen. Immer häufiger lassen sie sich dabei von unabhängigen ...Expertengremien kontrollieren. Doch: Wie erzielen diese Gremien Einfluss? Und welche Rolle spielen sie als Politikberater für Bürokratieabbau und bessere Rechtsetzung? Das Buch eröffnet neue Einblicke in die Entwicklungshistorie und Handlungsrealität der drei erfahrensten Normenkontrollräte in Europa. Vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher Verwaltungskulturen werden die Ratstypen „Wachhund“, „Torwächter“ und „Kritischer Freund“ herausgearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse schärfen die politische und wissenschaftliche Debatte um die Leistungsfähigkeit von Normenkontrollräten. Abstract In order to calculate the unintended consequences of their policies, governments conduct comprehensive assessments of the impact of legislation. In doing so, they have independent expert committees monitor them on an increasingly frequent basis. However, in what ways do these committees have an influence in this respect? And what role do they play as policy advisors in terms of dismantling bureaucracy and better legislation? This book provides new insights into the history of the development of the three most experienced supervisory bodies in Europe and the reality of how they conduct themselves. Against the backdrop of various administrative cultures, the book presents the following types of supervisory committees in detail: ‘watchdog’, ‘gatekeeper’ and ‘critical friend’. Its findings intensify the political and academic debate on the performance and efficiency of supervisory bodies.
