Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a principled, practical, probabilistic approach to learning in kernel machines. GPs have received increased attention in the machine-learning community over the past ...decade, and this book provides a long-needed systematic and unified treatment of theoretical and practical aspects of GPs in machine learning. The treatment is comprehensive and self-contained, targeted at researchers and students in machine learning and applied statistics.The book deals with the supervised-learning problem for both regression and classification, and includes detailed algorithms. A wide variety of covariance (kernel) functions are presented and their properties discussed. Model selection is discussed both from a Bayesian and a classical perspective. Many connections to other well-known techniques from machine learning and statistics are discussed, including support-vector machines, neural networks, splines, regularization networks, relevance vector machines and others. Theoretical issues including learning curves and the PAC-Bayesian framework are treated, and several approximation methods for learning with large datasets are discussed. The book contains illustrative examples and exercises, and code and datasets are available on the Web. Appendixes provide mathematical background and a discussion of Gaussian Markov processes.
Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing, Sixth Edition provides a solid foundation in anatomical and physiological principles relevant to communication sciences and disorders. This ...bestselling textbook beloved by instructors and students integrates clinical information with everyday experiences to reveal how anatomy and physiology relate to the speech, language, and hearing systems. Combining comprehensive coverage with abundant, beautiful full-color illustrations and a strong practical focus, the text makes complex material approachable even for students with little or no background in anatomy and physiology. Unlike other texts, this book features numerous anatomical illustrations but also photos of real specimens. Thoroughly updated to reflect current trends, techniques, and best practices. The text includes numerous full-color anatomical images to help students form a clear, accurate understanding of the classical framework of the speech, language, and hearing systems. Photographs provide a real-life look at the body parts and functions you are studying. Use these images as reference for accuracy in describing body systems, parts, and processes.
Mechanics plays a fundamental role in aeolian processes and other environmental studies. This proposed book systematically presents the new progress in the research of aeolian processes, especially ...in the research on mechanism, theoretical modelling and computational simulation of aeolian processes from the viewpoint of mechanics. Nowadays, environmental and aeolian process related problems are attracting more and more attention. We hope this proposed book will provide scientists and graduate students in aeolian research and other environmental research some mechanical methods and principles and introduce aeolian related problems of environment to mathematical and mechanical scientists.
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•CDI hybrid systems are more promising than standalone CDI technology.•Current developments and challenges are extensively discussed.•MFC powered CDI systems are a suitable solution ...for sustainable water treatment.•Technical and economic barriers need to be overcome to make hybrid systems practical.
The collective negative impact of both energy depletion and freshwater scarcity has inspired the researchers to develop effective water treatment approaches with lower energy consumption. Capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging technology for water treatment and desalination is gaining global interest because of its ion selectivity, high water recovery and energy efficiency. Over the last two decades, CDI has gone through several modifications and advancements in terms of module configuration, electrode material and its applicability. For further enhancement in practicability and commercialization of CDI, researchers have shown a broad range of interest in CDI hybrid systems over the past few years. CDI modules have been integrated with photochemical, membrane separation, ion exchange, electrochemical oxidation and bioelectrochemical processes for desalination, wastewater treatment, energy recovery, resource recovery and performance enhancement. These integrated systems are more promising compared with standalone CDI technology. This comprehensive and state of the art review examine different CDI hybrid systems on the basis of working mechanism, module configuration, operating parameters and their effects on system performance. Moreover, synergetic effects, limitations and challenges of these hybrid systems towards their large scale implementation also have been addressed in this review paper.
Process intensification (PI) leads to a substantially smaller, cleaner, safer and more energy efficient process technology. PI is a hot topic in chemical and process engineering and is now reaching a ...maturity that is seeing PI concepts applied to a wide range of processes and technologies. This is the first book to provide a practical working guide to understanding PI and developing successful solutions and applications. The book focuses on safety, energy and environmental issues, giving guidance on how to incorporate PI in plant design and operation safely, efficiently and effectively. It provides up-to-date access to the best current information on PI, both through the world-class experience of the authors and by pinpointing other significant sources of data, equipment and expertise.
The paper is concerned with parameter estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes with a regression model for the intensity function and tractable second-order properties (K-function). ...Regression parameters are estimated by using a Poisson likelihood score estimating function and in the second step minimum contrast estimation is applied for the residual clustering parameters. Asymptotic normality of parameter estimates is established under certain mixing conditions and we exemplify how the results may be applied in ecological studies of rainforests.
Stochastic processes are an essential part of numerous branches of physics, as well as in biology, chemistry, and finance. This textbook provides a solid understanding of stochastic processes and ...stochastic calculus in physics, without the need for measure theory. In avoiding measure theory, this textbook gives readers the tools necessary to use stochastic methods in research with a minimum of mathematical background. Coverage of the more exotic Levy processes is included, as is a concise account of numerical methods for simulating stochastic systems driven by Gaussian noise. The book concludes with a non-technical introduction to the concepts and jargon of measure-theoretic probability theory. With over 70 exercises, this textbook is an easily accessible introduction to stochastic processes and their applications, as well as methods for numerical simulation, for graduate students and researchers in physics.
•Limitations of Fenton oxidation and approaches to address them are discussed.•Heterogeneous Fenton and fluidized bed Fenton can reduce sludge generation.•Chelating agents extend the application of ...homogeneous Fenton to circumneutral pH.•Electro-Fenton & bioelectro-Fenton can reduce cost associated with Fenton’s reagent.•Perspectives on future research are offered.
Fenton oxidation is an effective technology for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants. However, conventional Fenton oxidation possesses some drawbacks such as the requirement of acidic pH condition, production of iron sludge and requirement of high chemical inputs. Strategies such as heterogeneous Fenton, fluidized bed Fenton, use of chelating agents and in-situ production of Fenton’s reagent have been studied as possible solutions to these limitations. Although there have been reviews on the fundamentals and applications of Fenton oxidation, a review with focus on the limitations of Fenton oxidation and their possible solutions is lacking. Here, we review the limitations of Fenton oxidation and the recent strategies toward addressing them. For each approach, fundamentals and applications in the removal of recalcitrant pollutants are reviewed. Heterogeneous Fenton process is the most widely investigated due to the progress in catalysis. Fluidized bed Fenton process could lower sludge generation and enhance process performance. Chelating agents are used to conduct homogeneous Fenton at circumneutral pH, though the potential detrimental effect of some chelating agents remains a source of concern. In situ production of Fenton’s reagent through bioelectrochemical technology (bioelectro-Fenton) is emerging as a possible strategy to reduce the cost associated with Fenton’s reagent.
Extreme values of a stationary, multivariate time series may exhibit dependence across coordinates and over time. The aim of this paper is to offer a new and potentially useful tool called tail ...process to describe and model such extremes. The key property is the following fact: existence of the tail process is equivalent to multivariate regular variation of finite cuts of the original process. Certain remarkable properties of the tail process are exploited to shed new light on known results on certain point processes of extremes. The theory is shown to be applicable with great ease to stationary solutions of stochastic autoregressive processes with random coefficient matrices, an interesting special case being a recently proposed factor GARCH model. In this class of models, the distribution of the tail process is calculated by a combination of analytical methods and a novel sampling algorithm.
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