Economic nationalism may seem rather too grand a term for the contents of this paper. And indeed, I have not attempted any analysis of the economics of economic nationalism. My concern is with the ...nationalist element in the equation, in particular the basic perceptions of nationalists inside Korea who responded to the plight of their colonially oppressed nation. The question, ‘Is economic nationalism viable under colonial occupation?’ may be answered negatively in Korea's case. But one may equally assert that all nationalist movements and all economic action, of left or right, were not viable in Korea at this time. Even if a certain theory of the determinative role of economic superstructures is employed, I suspect this question of viability may generate only fruitless dispute over whether we strictly mean non-viability or simply failure. Hence I willingly leave the theoretical aspects of the case to those equipped to deal with them.
To evaluate the prevalence of 'High Fat Sugar Salt' (HFSS) products and front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) characteristics across promoted products in UK online supermarkets.
A cross-sectional ...survey conducted (December 2021-January 2022) on promoted products. Data on ingredients, nutritional composition and display of FOPNL were collected from product webpages. The UK's Nutrient Profiling Model and Multiple Traffic Light criteria were used to determine HFSS status and possession of inherent red traffic lights (iRTL), respectively. Data analysis determined the prevalence (i.e. percentage of products of the total number of products sampled) of HFSS; FOPNL and possession of iRTL. Chi-squared tests explored associations between these.
Three major UK online supermarket retailer websites.
Product 'multibuy' and 'entrance' promotions, from selected product categories.
Among the sampled 625 promoted products, the prevalence of HFSS was greater in entrance (73 %) compared with multibuy (41 %) promotions (χ
(1) = 34,
< 0·05), with variations in the former across retailers (49-92 %). The prevalence of HFSS products in multibuy promotions offered by two retailers varied by category (i.e. Confectionery 94-97 %, Yogurts 20-20 %, Soft Drinks 16-33 %, Ready Meals 1·4-18 %). Not all promoted products displayed FOPNL on webpages (70 %) or images (52 %). A number of iRTL were found to be possessed by both HFSS and non-HFSS-promoted products.
Prior to the 2022 implementation of Regulations restricting these, HFSS products were promoted in online supermarkets with varying display of FOPNL and possession of iRTL. Findings support future policy evaluation and mandatory digital FOPNL.
The authors investigate consumer, firm, and policy implications of the fast-food marketing practice of bundling a soft drink and French fries with an entrée (i.e., "the combo meal") and then offering ...these three items at a discount. The authors first demonstrate that this practice increases the customer's perceived value of the bundled items. In addition to the traditional economic rationale for consumer purchases of bundles, the authors find that consumers view the bundle as having value beyond the notion of a discount or the perception of the items as complements. The authors attribute this increased value to both the reduction in ordering costs and the promotional effects associated with purchasing the bundle. They also find that consumers become more price sensitive to all goods offered when bundled goods are offered. The authors use this knowledge to determine the impact of several public policy strategies that are focused on reducing consumers' caloric intake. They demonstrate that proposed taxation on soft drinks has little effect on reducing overall caloric consumption when a bundle is present. They also show that it is possible to maintain profits while reducing caloric consumption by at least 10% if the industry as a whole reduces the portion sizes of drinks and fries associated with the combo meals.
A survey by Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) has shown that Internet users in Malaysia has increased up to 88.7% in year 2020 compared to 76.9% in year 2016 which is quite ...high increase in percentage. The pervasive use of smartphones and computers nowadays as well as the availability of high-speed Internet access has brought a new way of promoting products. E-commerce is a buy and sell system that can be accessed globally around the world. This system can provide efficient strategies for promoting products and services. It is widely agreed that even small enhancements in promotion techniques can increase the profitability of any e-commerce system. In this paper, a research has been conducted to study methods to enhance product promotion among Malaysians. The study investigates through a survey the factors affecting users' WTP (willing-to-pay) during performing e-commerce transaction as well as factors what attract/repel them more. To achieve the study aim, a group of 385 respondents throughout Malaysia have been involved in this research through questionnaire study. Detailed analysis has been introduced to clarify the results. The study has identified the top e-commerce platforms that are used by Malaysians to execute product promotion. The results show that promotion through e-commerce platforms could increase profitability and help businesses to expand rapidly. This is due to the fast market penetration of online promoting compared to conventional one.
This type of research is quantitative, the place of this research is PT. Bank Central Asia (BCA) Rantauprapat. The population in this study was 37 employees of PT. Bank Central Asia (BCA) ...Rantauprapat. Due to the number of employees of PT. Bank Central Asia (BCA) Rantauprapat has 37 people, so all employees of PT. Bank Central Asia (BCA) Rantauprapat was taken as the object of research. The data collection techniques used in the research were observation, documentation, and questionnaires using a Likert scale. This research uses classical assumption tests which include the data normality test, heteroscedasticity test, and multicollinearity test. Multiple linear regression analysis was tested using partial (t), simultaneous (F), and coefficient of determination tests. The research results stated that leadership style, motivation, work environment, and work discipline simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Bank Central Asia (BCA) Rantauprapat. The R Square value from the coefficient of determination analysis is 0.900, meaning that employee performance can be explained by the variables leadership style, motivation, work environment, and work discipline by 90%, while the rest can be explained by other variables not examined in this research.
