The water movement of the sewer collectors is of a non-permanent type because of the variation in flow over time. Non-permanent movement in collectors is mathematically modelled by the Saint Venant ...equations. To solve the equation system, the characteristic method was used, provided that both equations are quasi-linear in the unknown h and Q. Non-dynamic contouring conditions are given by the hydraulic feature of the collectors / tanks located on the collector. Dynamic contour conditions are rendered by the collector-specific equations (river level effluent hydrograph, manoeuvring parameters of the boiler, manoeuvring characteristics at pumping stations, etc.). For the mathematical model implementation, a computational program was developed in the Matlab programming environment (Variation Gradual Collector Program). The program was used to simulate the non-permanent movement in the main sewerage collector "Cacaina" from the sewerage network of the city of Iasi. The simulation of the non-permanent movement was done in two collector evacuation scenarios (gravity and pumping). The analysis of the results obtained for scenario 2 highlights the differential operation of the eight collector sections separated by the side feeders. Simulation of the movement has highlighted the exceeding of the minimum and maximum values of the parameters imposed by the operating rules.
Extensive research has shown that one of the benefits of programming to learn about scientific phenomena is that it facilitates learning about mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. However, using ...programming activities in classrooms is associated with costs such as requiring additional time to learn to program or students needing prior experience with programming. This paper presents a class of programming environments that we call quickstart: Environments with a negligible threshold for entry into programming and a modest ceiling. We posit that such environments can provide benefits of programming for learning without incurring associated costs for novice programmers. To make this claim, we present a design-based research study conducted to compare programming models of evolutionary processes with a quickstart toolkit with exploring pre-built models of the same processes. The study was conducted in six seventh grade science classes in two schools. Students in the programming condition used EvoBuild, a quickstart toolkit for programming agent-based models of evolutionary processes, to build their NetLogo models. Students in the exploration condition used pre-built NetLogo models. We demonstrate that although students came from a range of academic backgrounds without prior programming experience, and all students spent the same number of class periods on the activities including the time students took to learn programming in this environment, EvoBuild students showed greater learning about evolutionary mechanisms. We discuss the implications of this work for design research on programming environments in K-12 science education.
The Texas Instruments microcontrollers in the MSP 430 series offer four ways to save power in operation in such a way as to allow for consistent reduction of the electricity consumed. Code Composer ...Studio programming environment also provides support in making low-power applications. In addition to these, the MSP430FR2433 microcontroller with ferroelectric RAM allows data to be stored even in the absence of power voltage. In view of these properties of the microcontroller, a data logger application has been developed to monitor the quality of the environment in a building. Given that the MSP430FR2433 microcontroller can process both analog and numerical signals, the device monitors the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and amount of light present in the enclosure. Thanks to energy-saving mechanisms and the possibility of keeping information for an indefinite period without the need for energy consumption, the ambient quality monitoring device can operate for a long time in places without energy resources. The device has also been tested with good results for autonomous operation using solar energy and has also been used to determine the energy performance of buildings.
Pesticides have been widely used in agriculture, resulting in significant pollution that affects both the environment and human health. This pollution is particularly prevalent in nearby agricultural ...areas, where sensitive resources are contaminated through spray drift exposure and surface runoff. Spray drift is a critical concern when it comes to environmental hazards. It poses health risks not only to farmers and pesticide applicators, but also to individuals living in nearby farm areas. To address this issue, developing reliable models and techniques for estimating spray drift and reducing its impact has become a crucial and efficient research topic. The current research has three primary objectives: firstly, to estimate the average pesticide application rates, trend analysis, and concentration distribution; secondly, to estimate the temporal variations of pesticide concentrations and identify the areas most likely to be affected by pesticide spray drift close to agricultural fields; and lastly, to develop a model for field spray drift and deposition integration between the OpenAir package for the R programming environment and the AgDRIFT atmospheric model. The drift model, along with precise supervised classifications, allowed for a more accurate estimation of potential drift in agricultural areas at a spatial resolution of 15 m. Additionally, multiple scenarios were conducted to evaluate the potential risks of pesticide drift outside of the target areas. This novel method effectively estimated organophosphate pesticide spray drift over two case studies in Macon County using a combination of OpenAir and AgDRIFT models and remotely sensed data. This method allowed for field simulations within completely defined exposure areas with little prior knowledge of pesticide quantities. This study concluded that 6% of total cropland is in danger of pesticide spray drift, with around 8% of crop areas exposed to potential strong drift on land use. Furthermore, 11% of cropped land is vulnerable to moderate drift, whereas around 75% of land use land cover is not vulnerable to pesticide drift. Through this research, an accurate and efficient approach has been developed to estimate spray drift and reduce its impact in agricultural areas, contributing to a safer and healthier environment for all.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices are common in students' everyday lives, but connecting these devices to a programming environment for educational use is not always straightforward. This paper ...presents a framework, IoTScape, for connecting IoT devices to an online block-based programming environment. This system automatically provides both a novice-friendly interface and more advanced tools integrating cybersecurity concepts. By allowing new device types to easily be added to the system, a more diverse set of curricula is possible, ideally attracting more students who may not find the existing curricula engaging. Examples are provided of IoT devices used with this system, both physical and virtual, connected to NetsBlox through this platform, along with potential pedagogical uses of these devices.
Botia dario is one of the most important small indigenous species in Bangladesh, having both edible and ornamental values. Though once the fish was abundant in the natural water bodies of Bangladesh, ...now is categorized as "endangered" due to a considerable drop in population over past two decades. The study was conducted to explore the seasonal length frequency distribution, weight-length relationships and condition of B. dario using R programming environment. A total of 226 specimens were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 from open water bodies of northeastern Bangladesh. Four seasons, i.e., pre-monsoon (March-May), monsoon (June-August), post-monsoon (September-November), and winter (December-February) were considered to assess season-wise synthetic fitted model. The total length of B. dario was recorded minimum (4.6 cm) in post-monsoon and a maximum of 12.9 cm in winter. The empirical cumulative distribution function varied significantly between pre and post-monsoon as well as between monsoon and winter (p < 0.001). Gabelhouse length category of the double merged Table (quality- and quality+) showed a bold significant difference between two seasons (p = 4.25e-09). Coefficient of determination (R2) values were recorded higher than 0.8 in all models suggesting that log10(Li) was responsible more than 80% to explain log10(Wi). The interaction term of DVR (Dummy Variables) models fSeason x log10(Li) were insignificant in all combinations (y = 0), indicating negligible difference in slopes between any two seasons. Significant differences were observed between the model intercepts (δ ≠ 0) of monsoon versus winter (p < 0.001) and post-monsoon versus winter (p < 0.01). In terms of weight-length residuals (p = 0.0021) and relative condition (p = 0.01), the conditions of B. dario in winter were found significantly lower than the year-round mean value. The season-specific synthetic models recorded in this study provide insight into the current status of the concerned species, which might attract policy makers and scientists to predict a prospective holistic model to save the species from extinction.
Many applications from the robotics domain can benefit from FPGA acceleration. A corresponding key question is not only how to integrate hardware accelerators into software-centric robotics ...programming environments but also how to integrate more advanced approaches like dynamic partial reconfiguration. Recently, several approaches have demonstrated hardware acceleration for the robot operating system (ROS), the dominant programming environment in robotics. ROS is a middleware layer that features the composition of complex robotics applications as a set of nodes that communicate via mechanisms such as publish/subscribe, and distributes them over several compute platforms. In this paper, we present a novel approach for event-based programming of robotics applications that leverages dynamic partial reconfiguration and ReconROS, a framework for flexibly mapping ROS 2 nodes to either software or reconfigurable hardware. The approach bases on the ReconROS executor that schedules callbacks of ROS 2 nodes and utilizes a reconfigurable slot model and partial runtime reconfiguration to load hardware-based callbacks on demand. We describe the ReconROS executor approach, give design examples, and experimentally evaluate its functionality with examples.
The 600m long linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source ERIC, transporting a 5MWatt proton beam from the source to the target station, is currently under construction in Lund (Sweden) and ...plans to start neutron production in 2020. In order to protect the equipment from damage and to take the appropriate actions required to minimise recovery time, a dedicated set of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based interlock systems is being designed. The target protection system represents one part of the machine protection in the overall ESS protection architecture. Its main purpose is to provide dependable and, if possible, predictive interlocking for the target station and the associated subsystems (i.e. monolith, wheel, moderator-reflector system, beam extraction systems and cooling systems) in case of malfunctioning, by taking the appropriate actions to bring the machine into a safe state. This goal implies non-Boolean complex computations in real-time with critical constraints. To achieve this goal, an initial framework based on the last generation of PLCs and networking components (cluster solution) is presented. This framework is based on Siemens Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) portal with Step 7 programming environment, PROFINET fieldbus networking and intelligent devices (I-devices).
Computer Program ILT15 was earlier developed to accompany a new leach test for solidified radioactive waste forms in the Hungarian NPP Paks. The program was designed to be used as a tool for ...performing the calculations necessary to analyze leach test data, a modelling program to determine if diffusion is the operating leaching mechanism (and, if not, to indicate other possible mechanisms), and a means to make extrapolations using the diffusion models. The program uses computational algorithm of ASTM C1308 standard. Now we have developed another computational algorithm based on a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) of a cylindrical specimen, solved the PDE by a Crank-Nicolson Finite Difference Method (FDM) and calculated by integration the eluted amount of a given component in time. The new solution more accurate method was integrated into the existing ILT15 computer program and the resulting new ILT20 program is able to calculate the Incremental/Cumulative Fraction Leached IFL/CFL) either by ASTM or PDE numerical solution methods.ILT20 program is written in C++ in the Borland C++ Builder programming environment. A detailed description of application of this upgraded modelling computer program is given.
Inside busy cities, road congestion is common due to the large number of vehicles. Modifying existing infrastructure only for certain periods of peak time or for specific events involves high costs, ...so it is desirable to use its full capacity. At the same time those in charge of traffic optimization level infrastructure and coordination are municipalities. Based on the above premises it can be seen that for a better optimization of traffic in a critical situation and require the use of unique software for calculating traffic light times, service level, etc. The paper aims at using software platforms in "GUI" applications to be used in the context of dynamic changes in road traffic.
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